Islamic law

The concept of law and justice in Islam is based on the Quranic vetats
revealed by God to Muhammad. The universal Ints passed down by God
govern both Um allais of human and laws of nature, and the teachings of
Muhammad or the Andiths form the basis of the Islamic legal system. The
shari'a is a path of conduct that must be followed by all Muslims, covering
almost the totality of their life from home life to business interests

Islamic jurisprudence or the science of Islamic law is called fight and

covers all aspects of Muslim way of life and actions. It is divided into five
categories: forbidden (harmm), discouraged (makruh), neutral (mubah),
recommended (mandab), and obligatory (fand). Forbidden actions are both
sinful and criminal under pain of punishment, such as eating animale that
have died from natural causes or those animals that were not ritually
slaughtered. Harum behaviors include drinking blood, eating dried blood, and
taking liquors. The Five Pillars is an example of an obligatory category, such
as almsgiving, daily prayers, and ritual fasting. The three other categories
are makruh, mandub, and mubah, which focus on etiquette, donations,
personal habits, and social life. Permitted behaviors that are neither good
nor bad but neutral are classified as mubah. The hadith collections can be
consulted to resolve these matters.

SUBDIVISIONS Similar to most major religions, Islam also has sects, which
vary primarily as to how these sects interpret some aspects of the Islamic
faith and of the Quran. Inasmuch as Muslims agree on the fundamental
tenets of the Lalam religion, variations do occur in many of their beliefs
and praction (Hopfe 1983)

The sunni muslims

The majority of Muslims, 87% to 90%, belong to the Sunni denomination. The
Sunnis are traditionalists and follow the original religion established by
Muharamad and guided by the first four righteous caliphs. The Samuis believe
that any Muslim can be a ruler as long as they get the approval and coat
dence of the mol or community. The Summi set of Islam are groups of
Muslims that differ in views and exercise of their faith. Every Muslim country
has a Suumi majority except Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Yemen, and some of the
Gulf States. The Shiites are the largest faction within the Summi set.

Shi’a
The Shi'ites are the largest fiction within the Islam religion that separated from
the rest of the community. Historically speaking, three close associates of
Muhammad became successive leaders or caliphs of Islam with the death of
the founder in 632 C.E. Some Muslims believed that Muhammad should have
been immediately succeeded by his direct relative, Ali ibn Abi Talib, who was
his cousin. In 656 C.E., Ali became the fourth caliph but steadily lost control of
the Muslim world, culminating in the takeover of the caliphate by the Umayyad
Dynasty. The Sunuis accepted the legitimacy of the first four successors of
Muhammad: Abu Bakr (632-634 CE), Umar ibu al-Khattab (634-644 C.E.),
Uthman ibn Affan (644-656 C.E.). Other Muslims believed that Ali's
descendants should become head of the religious comm nity, and the Shi'ites
became known as "Shin Al" or "the party of Ali." Ali was the first imam and the
rightful spiritual and polit ical successor of Muhammad, and his youngest son
Husayn was killed and beheaded at the battle of Karbala. This event is
commemorated each year as a day of mourning for all Shi'ites.

Sufi
Sufis are Muslims who focus on a mystical union with God. They originated
around the ninth century C.E. and were characterized by coarse wool
garments and denunciation of worldly pleasures. Monastic orders were
established around the twelfth century, and new recruits studied under their
master to develop their heightened sense of spirituality. Most Sufi
practitioners practice discipline, poverty, abstinence, and celibacy, and insist
that it is possible to have union with God through mystical experience.

Selected issue
Islam has gone through two periods of growth: at the onset of its founding and
during the twentieth century. It has had a major impact on human society,
becoming one of the fastest growing religions.
Islam and women
Women in Muslim societies have varying rights, including the right to own,
dispose, and dispose of property, participate in political exercise, and divorce.
The Quran views women as spiritually equal to men, but they remain inferior
to men due to their dislocations and ill-conduct
The holy war
Jihad is the "effort to convince believers to pursue the Muslim way of life" and
can be peaceful or violent. Islas law opposes all violent meaus except in
cases of war or legally sanctioned punishment of criminals
Militancty and teorrism
Islam is a religion of mercy that prohibits terrorism (tbrahim 1997 , which is
abhorred by Muslims. Those who promote terrorism and mass slaughter of
innocent and helpless civilians do not embody Islamic ideals, and are guilty of
violating Islamic laws.(ibrahim 1997)
Migration
The late nineteenth century saw a significant migration of Muslims from Syria,
Lebanon, and Jordan to the US. After the Second World War, European
countries encouraged emigration from former colonies to augment manpower
shortages. In 2010, there were 44 million Muslims in Europe, excluding
Turkey. The Muslim population in the US and Europe continues to rise in the
present century, with around six million Muslims in total and almost two million
American converts, mainly African American.