Complex 2 HSC Qs 2020

Questions
1. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2017 HSC 1MC
The complex number z is chosen so that 1, z , , z form the vertices of the

7
regular polygon shown.
Which polynomial equation has all of these complex numbers as roots?
(A) x7  1  0 (B) x7  1  0 (C) x8  1  0 (D) x8  1  0

Which complex number lies in the region 2 | z  1| 3 ?
(A) 1  3i (B) 1  3i (C) 2  i (D) 3  i
 
Which region on the Argand diagram is defined by | z  1| ?
4 3
The complex number z satisfies | z 1| 1 .
What is the greatest distance that z can be from the point i on the Argand
diagram?
(A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 2 2 (D) 2 1

1 i
Multiplying a non-zero complex number by results in a rotation about the
1 i
origin on an Argand diagram.
What is the rotation?
 
(A) Clockwise by (B) Clockwise by
4 2
 
(C) Anticlockwise by (D) Anticlockwise by
4 2
6. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2018 HSC 6 MC
Which complex number is a 6 th root of i ?
1 1 1 1
A.   i B.   i C.  2  2i D.  2  2i
2 2 2 2
Which diagram best represents the solutions to the equation arg( z)  arg( z  1  i) ?
8. Polynomials, EXT2 2017 HSC 6MC
It is given that z  2  i is a root of z 3  az 2  7 z  15  0 , where a is a real
number. What is the value of a ?
A. 1 B. 1 C. 7 D. 7
9. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2011 HSC 2b
Part i: RAP Data - Bottom 20%: School result (100%) was 3% above state average
(97%)
Part ii: RAP Data - Bottom 11%: School result (79%) was equal to state average
(79%)
On the Argand diagram, the complex numbers 0,1  i 3, 3  i and z form a
rhombus.
(i) Find z in the form a  ib , where a and b are real numbers. ( 1 mark)
(ii) An interior angle,  , of the rhombus is marked on the diagram
Find the value of  . (2 marks)

(i) Write 1  i in the form r (cos   i sin  ) . (2 marks)
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find (1  i ) in the form a  ib , where a and b are

17
integers. (3 marks)
11. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2009 HSC 2d
Sketch the region in the complex plane where the inequalities | z  1| 2 and
 
  arg( z  1)  hold simultaneously. (2 marks)
4 4
12. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2009 HSC 2 f
(i) Find the square roots of 3  4i . (3 marks)
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation
z 2  iz  1  i  0. (2marks)
13. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2010 HSC 2c
Sketch the region in the complex plane where the inequalities 1 | z | 2 and
0  z  z  3 hold simultaneously. (2 maks)

Find, in modulus-argument form, all solutions of z 3  8 . (2 marks)
Shade the region on the Argand diagram where the two inequalities
| z  2 | 2 and | z  i | 1
both hold. (2 marks)

16. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2017 HSC 11a
Let z  1  3i and w  1  i .
(i) Find the exact value of the argument of z . ( 1 mark)
z
(ii) Find the exact value of the argument of . (2marks)
w
Sketch the region in the Argand diagram where

  arg  0 and | z  1  i | 1. (2marks)
4
Solve the quadratic equation z  (2  3i ) z  (1  3i)  0 , giving your answers in the

2
form a  bi , where a and b are real numbers. (3 marks)
(i) Use the binomial theorem to expand, (cos   i sin  ) .(1 mark)
3
(ii) Use de Moivre's theorem and your result from part (i) to prove that
1 3
cos3   cos 3  cos  . (3 marks)
4 4
(iii) Hence, or otherwise, find the smallest positive solution of
4 cos3   3cos   1 .(2marks)

20.ComplexNumbers, EXT 22018HSC11d
Parti : RAPData  Bottom24%: Schoolresult (100%)was
4% abovestateaverage(96%)
The points A, B and C on the Argand diagram represent the complex numbers
u, v and w respectively.
The points O, A, B and C form a square as shown on the diagram.
It is given that u  5  2i .
 w
i. Find w . (1 mark) ii. Find v . (1 mark) iii. Find arg   . (1 mark)
v
(85%)
i. Use De Moivre's theorem and the expansion of (cos   i sin  ) to show that
8
8 8
sin 8    cos 7  sin     cos 5  sin 3 
1   3
8 8 
   cos3  sin 5     cos  sin 7  (2mark )
5 7
ii. Hence, show that
sin 8
sin 2
 
 4 1  10sin 2   24sin 4   16sin 6  . (3 marks)
Find, in modulus-argument form, all solutions of z  1 (2 marks)

3
The point P on the Argand diagram represents the complex number z , where z
1 1
satisfies  1
z z
Give a geometrical description of the locus of P as z varies. (3 marks)
24. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2009 HSC 2e
(i) Find all the 5 th roots of 1 in modulus-argument form. (2 marks)
(ii) Sketch the 5 th roots of 1 on an Argand diagram. (1 mark)
Sketch the region on the Argand diagram defined by z 2  z 2  8 . (3 marks)

 
Sketch the region in the Argand diagram where | z || z  2 | and   arg z  .
4 4
(3 marks)
The points P, Q and R on the Argand diagram represent the complex numbers
z1 , z2 and a respectively.
The triangles OPR and OQR are equilateral with unit sides, so z1  z2 | a | 1
 
Let   cos  i sin
3 3
(i) Explain why z2   a . (1 mark) (ii) Show that z1 z2  a . (1 mark)
2
(iii) Show that z1 and z 2 are the roots of z 2  az  a 2  0 . (2 marks)

Part ii: RAP Data - Bottom 18%: School result (58%) was 3% above state average
(55%)

Let z  cos   i sin  where 0    .
2
On the Argand diagram the point A represents z , the point B represents z
2
and the point C represents z  z .

2
Copy or trace the diagram into your writing booklet.
(i) Explain why the parallelogram OACB is a rhombus. (1 mark)
(ii) Show that
3

arg z  z 2  2
. (1 mark)
(iii) Show that

z  z 2  2 cos .(2 marks)
2
(iv) By considering the real part of z  z , or otherwise deduce that
2
 3
cos   cos 2  2 cos cos .(1 mark
2 2
Let a and b be real numbers with a  b . Let z  x  iy be a complex number
such that
| z  a |2  | z  b |2  1
(i) Prove that
ab 1
x  . (2marks)
2 2(b  a)
(ii) Hence, describe the locus of all complex numbers z such that
| z  a |2  | z  b |2  1.(1mark)
On the Argand diagram the points A1 and A2 correspond to the distinct complex
numbers u1 and u 2 respectively. Let P be a point corresponding to a third
complex number z .
Points B1 and B2 are positioned so that A1 PB1 and A2 B2 P , labelled in an
anticlockwise direction, are right-angled and isosceles with right angles at A1 and
A2 , respectively. The complex numbers w1 and w2 correspond to B1 and B2 ,
respectively.
(i) Explain why w1  u1  i  z  u1  . (1mark)
(ii) Find the locus of the midpoint of B1 B2 as P varies. (2 marks)

The Argand diagram shows complex numbers w and z with arguments  and
 respectively, where    . The area of the triangle formed by 0, w and z is
A.
Show that zw  wz  4iA . (3 marks)

The points A, B, C and D on the Argand diagram represent the complex
numbers a, b, c and d respectively. The points form a square as shown on the
diagram.
By using vectors, or otherwise, show that c  (1  i)d  ia. (2 marks)

(73%)
Part ii: RAP Data - Bottom 1496: School result (23%) was 1% above state average
(22%)
(i) Using de Moivre's theorem, or otherwise, show that for every positive
n
integer n , (1  i )  (1  i)  2( 2) cos .(2 marks )
n n n
4
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, show that for every positive integer n divisible by 4 ,

 n  n  n  n  n
               (1) ( 2) (3 marks)
4 n
0  2  4 6  n
34. Integration, EXT2 2009 HSC 7b
Let z  cos   i sin  .
(i) Show that z n  z  n  2cos n , where n is a positive integer. (2 marks)
(ii) Let m be a positive integer. Show that.
  2m   2m 
(2 cos  ) 2 m  2 cos 2m    cos(2m  2)    cos(2m  4)
  1   2 
 2m    2m 
   cos 2      (3marks)
 m  1  m
(iii) Hence, or otherwise, prove that.

  2m 
0
2
cos 2 m d   
22 m1  m 
where m is a positive integer. (2marks)
(i) Let n be a positive integer. Show that if z  1 then

2
2 n2  z n  z  n  n 1
1  z  z  z
2 4
 1 
z .(2 marks
 zz 
(ii) By substituting z  cos   i sin  where sin   0 , into part (i), show that
sin n
1  cos 2  cos(2n  2)  i[sin 2  sin(2 n  2) ]  [cos( n  1)  i sin( n  1) ].
sin 
(3 marks )

(iii) Suppose   . Using part (ii), show that
2n
 2 (n  1) 
sin  sin  sin  cot .(2 marks
n n n 2n
i. The complex numbers 0,u and v form the vertices of an equilateral triangle in
the Argand diagram.
Show that u 2  v2  uv . (2 marks)
ii. Give an example of non-zero complex numbers u and v , so that 0,u and v
form the vertices of an equilateral triangle in the Argand diagram. (1 mark)

Let P( z )  z  2kz  2k z  mz  1 , where k and m are real numbers. The roots

4 3 2 2
of P( z ) are  , ,  , 
It is given that |  | 1 and |  | 1 .
i. Show that (Re( ))  (Re(  ))  1 . (3marks)

2 2
ii. The diagram shows the position of  .
Copy or trace the diagram into your writing booklet.
On the diagram, accurately show all possible positions of  . (2 marks)

On an Argand diagram, sketch the region described by the inequality
1
1  1.(2 marks )
z
Part i: RAP Data - Bottom 9%: School result (24%) was - 1% below state average
(25%)
Part ii: RAP Data - Bottom 12%: School result (5%) was equal to state average (5%)
i. The complex numbers z  cos   i sin  and w  cos   i sin  , where
     and      , satisfy
1 z  w  0
By considering the real and imaginary parts of 1  z  w , or otherwise, show that
1, z and w form the vertices of an equilateral triangle in the Argand diagram. (3
marke)
ii. Hence, or otherwise, show that if the three non-zero complex numbers 2i, z1
and z 2 satisfy
| 2i | z1  z2 AND 2i  z1  z2  0
then they form the vertices of an equilateral triangle in the Argand diagram. (2
marks)
Worked Solutions
i
B
3
2
A
1
C
_ 2 _1 Re
1 2 3 4
_1 D
_2
_3



8. Polynomials, EXT2 2017 HSC 6 MC
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
12. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2009 HSC 2f
(i)
(ii)

(i)
(ii)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
i.
ii.
iii.
i.
ii.
MARKER'S COMMENT: Another

successful solution strategy was
graphical, using the unit circle and
three equal angles generated from
pi.

(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
♦♦ Mean mark part (iii) 26%.
(iv)
♦♦ Mean mark part (iv) 44%.
(i)
(ii)
♦ Mean mark part (ii) 44%.
(i)
(ii)
♦♦ Mean mark 29%.

STRATEGY: The angles shown in
the graphic should alert students
that the mod-arg approach is likely
to be easier than the form.
♦ Mean mark 49%.

(i)
(ii)

MARKER'S COMMENT: Few
students could link part (i) to
solving part (ii).
34. Integration, EXT2 2009 HSC 7b
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
i.
ii.

i.
♦♦ Mean mark part (i) 26%.
ii.
♦♦♦ Mean mark part (ii) 10%.

♦♦♦ Mean mark 18%.

MARKER'S COMMENT:
Substituting
immediately was common and
caused major algebraic problems.
i.

STRATEGY: A clear graphical
image simpliﬁes both parts of this
question signiﬁcantly.
ii.

Complex 2 HSC Qs 2020

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Questions

1. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2017 HSC 1MC

The complex number z is chosen so that 1, z , , z form the vertices of the

regular polygon shown.

Which polynomial equation has all of these complex numbers as roots?

(A) x7  1  0 (B) x7  1  0 (C) x8  1  0 (D) x8  1  0

Which complex number lies in the region 2 | z  1| 3 ?

(A) 1  3i (B) 1  3i (C) 2  i (D) 3  i

3. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2013 HSC 5MC

The complex number z satisfies | z 1| 1 .

(A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 2 2 (D) 2 1

What is the rotation?

6. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2018 HSC 6 MC

Which complex number is a 6 th root of i ?

It is given that z  2  i is a root of z 3  az 2  7 z  15  0 , where a is a real

number. What is the value of a ?

On the Argand diagram, the complex numbers 0,1  i 3, 3  i and z form a

(ii) An interior angle,  , of the rhombus is marked on the diagram

Find the value of  . (2 marks)

(i) Write 1  i in the form r (cos   i sin  ) . (2 marks)

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find (1  i ) in the form a  ib , where a and b are

11. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2009 HSC 2d

(i) Find the square roots of 3  4i . (3 marks)

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation

13. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2010 HSC 2c

0  z  z  3 hold simultaneously. (2 maks)

Find, in modulus-argument form, all solutions of z 3  8 . (2 marks)

15. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2012 HSC 11b

both hold. (2 marks)

(i) Find the exact value of the argument of z . ( 1 mark)

17. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2017 HSC 11c

Sketch the region in the Argand diagram where

Solve the quadratic equation z  (2  3i ) z  (1  3i)  0 , giving your answers in the

form a  bi , where a and b are real numbers. (3 marks)

19. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2011 HSC 2d

4 cos3   3cos   1 .(2marks)

Parti : RAPData  Bottom24%: Schoolresult (100%)was

The points O, A, B and C form a square as shown on the diagram.

ii. Hence, show that

Find, in modulus-argument form, all solutions of z  1 (2 marks)

23. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2007 HSC 2c

(i) Find all the 5 th roots of 1 in modulus-argument form. (2 marks)

(ii) Sketch the 5 th roots of 1 on an Argand diagram. (1 mark)

25. Complex Numbers, EXT2 2013 HSC 11e

Sketch the region on the Argand diagram defined by z 2  z 2  8 . (3 marks)

(iii) Show that z1 and z 2 are the roots of z 2  az  a 2  0 . (2 marks)

and the point C represents z  z .

Copy or trace the diagram into your writing booklet.

(i) Explain why the parallelogram OACB is a rhombus. (1 mark)

(ii) Show that

(iii) Show that

Let a and b be real numbers with a  b . Let z  x  iy be a complex number

(i) Prove that

numbers u1 and u 2 respectively. Let P be a point corresponding to a third

A2 , respectively. The complex numbers w1 and w2 correspond to B1 and B2 ,

(i) Explain why w1  u1  i  z  u1  . (1mark)

(ii) Find the locus of the midpoint of B1 B2 as P varies. (2 marks)

 respectively, where    . The area of the triangle formed by 0, w and z is

Show that zw  wz  4iA . (3 marks)

The points A, B, C and D on the Argand diagram represent the complex

numbers a, b, c and d respectively. The points form a square as shown on the

By using vectors, or otherwise, show that c  (1  i)d  ia. (2 marks)

Let z  cos   i sin  .

(i) Show that z n  z  n  2cos n , where n is a positive integer. (2 marks)