LTE-Basic

A protocol stack is a set of protocols that work together to allow software or hardware to perform a function. The protocols in a stack
are often referred to as layers. Each layer provides services to the layer above it and receives services from the layer below it.
The protocol stack is the software implementation of a computer networking protocol suite. The suite is the definition of the
communication protocols.
The protocol stack is a prescribed hierarchy of software layers. The layers are:
Application layer: The source of the data being sent
Data link layer: Transmits the bits on the wire
The layers of the Internet protocol stack are:
Layer 1 (physical layer)
Layer 2 (data link layer)
Layer 3 (Network Layer)
Layer 4 (Transport Layer)
Layer 5 (Session Layer)
The physical layer is responsible for:
Breaking the data frame into bits
Converting it into a form that can be transmitted over the physical communication line
Transferring it
The protocol stack functions for LTE are:
Medium Access Control (MAC)
Radio Link Control (RLC)
Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)
Radio Resource Control (RRC)
protocol stack initialisation:
1. CM Service request: CC/CM-NAS Layer responsibility
2. RRC Service request/Processing service request
3. RRC Allocate Buffer.
Band Preference is part of EFS[Elementary file system]

Processing service request.

A connection management (CM) entity initiates a CM Service Request message to
the network. The network then tries to establish an MM connection between the
MS and the network. Once the MM connection is established, the MS receives a
CM Service Accept message from the network

Post processing service request : HPLMN info will be generated. From EFS to RRC
info will be shared of PLMN information for band and RAT preferences.

RRC paging is a function that triggers RRC Request and RRC Connection Resumption.
Here's some information about RRC paging:
RRC-IDLE: UE monitors the paging channel for CN-initiated paging
RRC-INACTIVE: UE monitors the paging channel for RAN-initiated paging
RRC connection request: UE transmits this request to establish a connection with the network
Discontinuous Reception (DRX): Also known as paging cycle, this reduces power consumption
Default DRX cycle: Broadcast within System Information Block 2 (SIB 2)
Default Paging Cycle: Known as “T”, this is the value after which the UE wakes up from idle mode to read the paging messages

PLMN stands for Public Land Mobile Network. It's a wireless communications network that's designed for use by customers on foot or in
cars. A PLMN is limited by a country's borders.
Here are some types of PLMN:
HPLMN: Home PLMN
VPLMN: Visited PLMN
UPLMN: User PLMN
OPLMN: Operator PLMN
FPLMN: Forbidden PLMN
IPLMN: Interrogating PLMN
EPLMN: Equivalent PLMN: The purpose of EPLMN is to enable subscribers of one mobile network to access the services of another
network without having to change their phone number or SIM card
NAS Service request.
starting deadlock timer 1000ms
 LTE-Basic

Initialisations points.
1. we always copy config file from EPS, we
have USIM Module is a sub module of config
manager will take care of config
understandings
2. 2. And call controller will be taken care of
NAS layer- CM service request.
3. Rat Priority, HPLMN, EPLMN, band
Preference
4. RRC will taken care of Buffer allocation.
Initiating Protocol stack request. .if all stacks
start, will be communicating with all layers.
36.331
payload is the actual data being sent. It's the part of
the transmitted data that's the intended message.
When data is sent over the internet, each unit transmitted includes both header information and the actual data being sent. The header
identifies the source and destination of the packet. The payload is the only data that is received by the source and destination

Q: when will MAC layer will be initated.

A: Post SIB 1 decoding MAC element will be visible.

Q: When will PDCP will be imitated?

A: After Security mode command. U can see the PDCP DL config setup.

Q: When will RLC take charge.

A; After RRC setup request.

Q: what Mac Do:

A: The MAC layer is one of the two sublayers that make up the data link layer. The main job of the MAC layer is to move the data from the
network interface card of a network to a shared channel. The MAC layer along with data link control is responsible for the complete
physical addressing of the data link layer.
It is responsible for flow control and multiplexing for transmission medium

RLC:
A: The main tasks of the RLC protocol are: Transfer of upper layer Protocol Data Units (PDUs) in one of three modes: Acknowledged Mode
(AM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM) and Transparent Mode (TM)

PDCP:
A: the main function of the PDCP layer has been the header compression of IP packets – this is the reason why it is called the Packet Data
Convergence Protocol. In LTE, the PDCP layer has evolved to support a security function; that is, integrity protection and ciphering.

Frequency Acquisition:
2 types: UE tune to every channel it supports and measure RSSI
System Scanning

Priority scan-ACQ_DB]-Last cell Information[HPLMN/EARFCN/Cell information]can get from

local elementary file systems[SLS] [

Band Scanning: the frequency bands it supports. For each band, preferred earfcn values are also stored in order. Based on that
information UE will scan all those channels and measure the RSSI. RSSI is Received Signal Strength Indicator.
It starts RSSI scanning from band on a 100khz raster basis so overall
FDL = FDL_Low + 0.1(NDL – Noffs_DL) , for downlink
FDL = FUL_Low + 0.1(NUL – Noffs_UL) , for uplink
FDL_Low – Lowest Dowlink frequency in a given band.
FUL_Low – Lowest Uplink frequency in a given band.
NDL- Downlink EARFCN
NUL- Uplink EARFCN
Noffs_DL – EARFCN DL Offset
Noffs_DL – EARFCN UL Offset
Example for Frequency Acquisition status:
Through Non Volatile memory can restrict to Limited bands[3,5,8,40,41]
Channel raster: subset of RF reference frequencies that can be used to identify the RF
channel position in the uplink and downlink
 LTE-Basic

What is a channel raster? 36.101

Channel raster is the distance between neighboring channels in a frequency band.
The channel raster for LTE is 100 kHz for all bands. This means that the carrier centre frequency must be an integer multiple of 100 kHz
The carrier frequency in the uplink and downlink is designated by the E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN) in the
range 0 - 65535
LTE-Basic