MTH 201: Real Analysis I (3 Credits)

Assignment one
Total marks ;-100points
Assign date ;-23rd january, 2024 (Tuesday)
Submission deadline;- 28th january, 2024(Sunday) time 12;00 am

Please submit assignment by attachment in word.

1. A shoelace manufacturer guarantees that its 33-inch shoelaces will be 33 inches
long, with an error of at most 0.1 inch.
a) Write an inequality using absolute values and the length s of a shoelace that gives
the condition that the shoelace does not meet the guarantee.
b) Write the set of numbers satisfying the inequality in part (a) as a union of two
intervals.

2. A medicine is known to decompose and become ineffective if its temperature

ever reaches 103 degrees Fahrenheit or more. Write an interval to represent the
temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) at which the medicine is ineffective.

3. write each union as a single interval.

a) [2, 7) ∪ [5, 20)
b) [−2, 8] ∪ (−1, 4)
c) (3, ∞) ∪ [2, 8]
d) (−3, ∞) ∪ [−5, ∞)

4. The intersection of two sets of numbers consists of all numbers that are in both
sets. If A and B are sets, then their intersection is denoted by A ∩ B. write each
intersection as a single interval in the following
a) [2, 7) ∩ [5, 20)
b) (3, ∞) ∩ [2, 8]
c) (−∞, −3) ∩ [−5, ∞)

5. Attempt the following

(a) Show that if a ≥ 0 and b ≥ 0, then |a+b| =|a| + |b|
(b) Show that if a ≥ 0 and b < 0, then |a+b| ≤|a| + |b|
(c) Show that if a < 0 and b ≥ 0, then |a+b| ≤|a| + |b|
(d) Show that if a < 0 and b < 0, then |a+b| =|a| + |b|

Thank you and Goodluck

By I.R,F

Solution
1. A shoelace manufacturer guarantees that its 33-inch shoelaces will be 33 inches
long, with an error of at most 0.1 inch.
a) Write an inequality using absolute values and the length s of a shoelace that gives
the condition that the shoelace does not meet the guarantee.
b) Write the set of numbers satisfying the inequality in part (a) as a union of two
intervals.
(a) The error in the shoelace length is |s − 33|. Thus
a shoelace with length s does not meet the
guarantee if |s − 33| > 0.1.
(b) Because 33 − 0.1 = 32.9 and 33 + 0.1 = 33.1,
the set of numbers s such that |s − 33| > 0.1 is
(−∞, 32.9) ∪ (33.1, ∞).
Further explaination
a) Let's denote the length of the shoelace as (s). The condition that the shoelace does
not meet the guarantee can be expressed using absolute values as follows:
∣s−33∣>0.1
This inequality ensures that the absolute difference between the actual length of the
shoelace (s) and the guaranteed length (33 inches) is greater than 0.1 inch.

b) To express the set of numbers satisfying the inequality in part (a) as a union of two
intervals,we can consider the cases where (s−33>0.1) and (s−33<−0.1). This leads to
two separate inequalities:
(s−33>0.1) or
(s−33<−0.1)
For the first case (s−33>0.1),
we can add 0.1 to both sides of the inequality:
(s>33+0.1)
For the second case (s−33<−0.1),
we can subtract 0.1 from both sides of the inequality:
s<33−0.1
Therefore, the set of numbers satisfying the original inequality is the union of the two
intervals:
(33+0.1,+∞)∪(−∞,33−0.1)
This represents all the values of (s) greater than 33.1 or less than 32.9, ensuring that
the shoelace does not meet the guarantee.

2. A medicine is known to decompose and become ineffective if its temperature

ever reaches 103 degrees Fahrenheit or more. Write an interval to represent the
temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) at which the medicine is ineffective.
solution
The medicine is ineffective at all temperatures of 103 degrees Fahrenheit or greater,
which corresponds to the interval [103, ∞).

Further explaination
Let T represent the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. The interval to represent the
temperatures at which the medicine is ineffective can be expressed as:
T≥103
This inequality indicates that the medicine is ineffective when the temperature is
equal to or greater than 103 degrees Fahrenheit.
Therefore, the interval is [103,+∞). In this notation, the square bracket [ includes the
endpoint 103, and the round bracket ) indicates that the interval extends to positive
infinity.
3. write each union as a single interval.
a) [2, 7) ∪ [5, 20)
b) [−2, 8] ∪ (−1, 4)
c) (3, ∞) ∪ [2, 8]
d) (−3, ∞) ∪ [−5, ∞)
Solution
a. [2, 7) ∪ [5, 20)
The first interval is {x : 2 ≤ x < 7}, which includes the left endpoint 2 but does not
include the right endpoint 7.
The second interval is {x : 5 ≤ x < 20}, which includes the left endpoint 5 but does
not include the right endpoint 20.
The set of numbers in at least one of these sets equals {x : 2 ≤ x < 20},
Thus [2, 7) ∪ [5, 20) = [2, 20).

b. [−2, 8] ∪ (−1, 4)
The first interval is the set {x : −2 ≤ x ≤ 8}, which includes both end points.
The second interval is {x : −1 < x < 4}, which does not include either endpoint. The
set of numbers in at least one of these sets equals {x : −2 ≤ x ≤ 8},
Thus [−2, 8] ∪ (−1, 4) = [−2, 8].

c. (3, ∞) ∪ [2, 8]
The first interval is {x : 3 < x}, which does not include the left endpoint and which
has no right endpoint.
The second interval is {x : 2 ≤ x ≤ 8}, which includes both endpoints.
The set of numbers in at least one of these sets equals {x : 2 ≤ x},
Thus (3, ∞) ∪ [2, 8] = [2, ∞).

d. (−3, ∞) ∪ [−5, ∞)
The first interval is {x : −3 < x}, which does not include the left endpoint and which
has no right endpoint.
The second in terval is {x : −5 ≤ x}, which includes the left endpoint and which has
no right endpoint.
The set of numbers that are in at least one of these sets equals {x : −5 ≤ x},
Thus (−3, ∞) ∪ [−5, ∞) = [−5, ∞).

4. The intersection of two sets of numbers consists of all numbers that are in both
sets. If A and B are sets, then their intersection is denoted by A ∩ B.
write each intersection as a single interval in the following
a. [2, 7) ∩ [5, 20)
b. (3, ∞) ∩ [2, 8]
c. (−∞, −3) ∩ [−5, ∞)

Solution
a. [2, 7) ∩ [5, 20)
The first interval is the set {x : 2 ≤ x < 7}, which includes the left endpoint 2 but does
not include the right endpoint 7.
The second interval is the set {x : 5 ≤ x < 20}, which includes the left endpoint 5 but
does not include the right endpoint 20.
The set of numbers that are in both these sets equals {x : 5 ≤ x < 7},
Thus [2, 7) ∩ [5, 20) = [5, 7).

b. (3, ∞) ∩ [2, 8]
The first interval is {x : 3 < x}, which does not include the left endpoint and which
has no right endpoint.
The second in terval is {x : 2 ≤ x ≤ 8}, which includes bothendpoints.
The set of numbers in both sets equals {x : 3 < x ≤ 8},
Thus (3, ∞) ∩ [2, 8] = (3, 8].

c. (−∞, −3) ∩ [−5, ∞)

The first interval is {x : x < −3}, which has no left endpoint and which does not
include the right endpoint.
The second interval is {x : −5 ≤ x}, which includes the left endpoint and which has no
right end point.
The set of numbers in both sets equals {x : −5 ≤ x < −3}
Thus (−∞, −3) ∩ [−5, ∞) = [−5, −3).

5. Attempt the following

(a) Show that if a ≥ 0 and b ≥ 0, then |a+b| =|a| + |b|
(b) Show that if a ≥ 0 and b < 0, then |a+b| ≤|a| + |b|
(c) Show that if a < 0 and b ≥ 0, then |a+b| ≤|a| + |b|
(d) Show that if a < 0 and b < 0, then |a+b| =|a| + |b|

Solution
(a) Show that if a ≥ 0 and b ≥ 0, then∣a+b∣=∣a∣+∣b∣:
When both a and b are non-negative,
the absolute values can be removed without affecting the equality:
∣a+b∣=a+b=∣a∣+∣b∣

(b) Show that if a ≥ 0 and b < 0, then ∣a+b∣≤∣a∣+∣b∣:

Since a ≥ 0 and b < 0, we have:∣a+b∣=∣a−∣b∣∣
Now, since a is non-negative and ∣b∣ is also non-negative,
∣a+b∣ will be less than or equal to the sum of ∣a∣ and ∣b∣:
∣a+b∣≤∣a∣+∣b∣

(c) Show that if a < 0 and b≥0, then ∣a+b∣≤∣a∣+∣b∣:

Similarly, since a < 0 and b ≥ 0, we have:∣a+b∣=∣b−∣a∣∣
Now, since b is non-negative and∣a∣ is non-negative, ∣a+b∣ will be less than or
equal to the sum of ∣a∣ and ∣b∣:
∣a+b∣≤∣a∣+∣b∣

(d) Show that if a < 0 and b < 0, then ∣a+b∣=∣a∣+∣b∣:

In this case, since both a and b are negative, we have:
∣a+b∣=∣−(a+b)∣=∣a+b∣=a+b=∣a∣+∣b∣
Therefore, in this case, ∣a+b∣=∣a∣+∣b∣.