Dear Mr.

Amjad Alhuniti,

I hope you are in good health. I would like to share with you an academic interest that could be
beneficial to my role here at Building Rank.

Harmonic distortion - ‫التشوه التوافقي‬

Harmonic distortion in an electrical signal refers to the presence of unwanted frequency components in
the signal that are integer multiples (harmonics) of the fundamental frequency. In an ideal electrical
system, the voltage and current waveforms should be sinusoidal, meaning they have a single dominant
frequency component, known as the fundamental frequency.

However, in real-world electrical systems, especially in non-linear loads and electronic devices, the
voltage and current waveforms can become distorted due to various factors. When this distortion
occurs, it results in the generation of harmonic frequencies that are integer multiples (2nd, 3rd, 4th,
etc.) of the fundamental frequency.

Here are some key points about harmonic distortion:

1. **Causes**: Harmonic distortion is primarily caused by non-linear electronic devices, such as

rectifiers, power electronic converters, and switch-mode power supplies. These devices do not draw
current in a sinusoidal manner, causing distortion in the current waveform.

2. **Effects**: Harmonic distortion can have several adverse effects on an electrical system, including:

- **Increased heating**: Harmonic currents can lead to increased heating in wires, transformers, and
other equipment, reducing their lifespan and efficiency.

- **Voltage distortion**: Harmonic currents can lead to voltage distortion, causing problems with
sensitive electronic equipment.

- **Power quality issues**: Harmonics can reduce power quality, leading to voltage flicker and
fluctuations, which can disrupt operations in industrial and commercial settings.

3. **Measurement**: Harmonic distortion is typically measured using instruments like a power quality
analyzer. Common metrics used to quantify harmonic distortion include Total Harmonic Distortion
(THD), which provides a measure of the total harmonic content in a signal, and individual harmonic
orders (e.g., THD-3 represents the distortion caused by the 3rd harmonic).
4. **Mitigation**: To mitigate harmonic distortion, various methods can be employed, including:

- **Filters**: Installing harmonic filters or passive filters to reduce harmonic currents.

- **Isolation transformers**: Using isolation transformers to prevent harmonics from propagating

between different parts of an electrical system.

- **Harmonic-resistant equipment**: Selecting and using equipment that is less sensitive to harmonics
or designed to mitigate harmonic effects.

Harmonic distortion is an important consideration in electrical engineering and power quality

management because it can lead to operational issues, equipment damage, and increased energy costs.
Proper design, analysis, and mitigation measures are necessary to address harmonic distortion in
electrical systems effectively.

I am thankful for your continuous support and encouragement for professional development, and I
believe that this academic interest can contribute to enhancing my performance and contributions to
Building Rank.

I look forward to hearing your thoughts and guidance on this matter.

Sincerely,

Moayad Ali