(Physics) ELECTROSTATICS

DPP - 5
SOLUTION

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1. In this situation, the centripetal force is provided by the electrostatic force of attraction.
(a) By Newton's second law we get,
1 q2 mv 2
F= =
4πε0 (2R)2 R

1 q2
⇒ v=√
4πε0 (4R)m
1 1
(b) Kinectic energy of the system is K = 2 mv 2 + 2 mv 2

q2 q2
⇒K= =
4πε0 (4R) 16πε0 R
1 q(−q)
(c) Potential energy of the system is U = 4πε
0 2R

−1 q2 q2
⇒ U= =−
4πε0 (2R) 8πε0 R
(d) Total energy of the system is E = K. E + P. E.
−q2 q2
⇒ E= =−
4πε0 (4R) 16πε0 R
1
So, we observe that T. E. = −(K. E) =. 2 (P. E)

2. The work required to make an arrangement of charges is equal to potential energy of the system
q2 3q2
⇒W= ×3=
4πε0 a 4πε0 a
Work done by electric field equals the decrease in potential energy. So, we have
WE Field = −ΔU = Ui − Uf
q2
Since Ui = 4πε × 3 and
0 (a)

q2
Uf = ×3
4πε0 (2a)
3q2 3q2 3q2
⇒ WE Field = Uf − Uf = − =
4πε0 a 8πε0 a 8πε0 a

APNI KAKSHA 1
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q q
3. Interaction energy of any two point charges q1 and q 2 at separation r is given by 4πε
1 2
r 0

Let interaction energy of the system in Figure (a), (b) and (c) be Ua , Ub and Uc respectively, then
q2 q2 q2
Ut = 4 4πε l + 2 4πε = 4πε l (4 + √2)
0 0 (√2l) 0

−q2 q2 q2
Ub = 4 4πε l + 2 4πε = 4πε l (−4 + √2)
0 0 (√2l) 0

q2 2q2 2q2 √2q2

and Uc = 2 4πε l − 4πε l − 4πε = − 4πε
0 0 0 (√2l) 0l

4. CASE-1: Between the charges, let V = 0 at distance x from 6 × 10−6 C charge. So, we have
1 6 × 10−6 4 × 10−6
( − )=0
4πε0 x 15 − x

3 2
⇒ =
x 15−x

⇒ x = 9 cm
Outside the charges, let V = 0 at distance x from 6 × 10−6 C charge. So, we have
1 6×10−6 4×10−6
( − )=0
4πε0 x x−15

⇒ x = 45 cm

Note that the formula for potential used in the calculation required choosing potential to be
zero at infinity.
5. The electric potential can be found by the superposition principle. At a point P(x, 0) on the x-axis,
we have
1 q 1 (−q)
V(x) = 4πε + 4πε
0 |x−a| 0 |x+a|

q 1 1
⇒ V(x) = 4πε [|x−a| − |x+a|]
0

The above expression is rewritten as

V(x) 1 1
= x − x
V0 |a − 1| |a + 1|

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q x
where V0 = 4πε a. The plot of the dimensionless electric potential as a function of a is shown in
0

figure.

x
As can be seen from the graph, V(x) diverges at a = ±1, where the charges are located.

6. Let us calculate the potential due to the rod at A and then at B.

Potential at A(0, √0.44)m
Potential at A due to rod is calculated by taking an infinitesimal element of length dx at a distance
x from O(0,0) on the rod. Then
dq λdx
dV = =
4πε0 r 4πε0 √OA2 + x 2
kxdx
⇒ dV =
4πε0 √0.44 + x 2
V4
k l=1 m
⇒∫ dV = [√0.44 + x 2 | ]
V0 4πε0 0

k
⇒ VA − V0 = [√1.44 − √0.44]
4πε0 0.44m
OA = √0.44 m = constant
OB = 1 = 1 m = constant
Potential at B(0,1)m
dq kxdx kxdx
dV = = =
4πε0 r ′ 4πε0 √OB2 + x 2 4πε0 √1 + x 2
k 1
⇒ VB − V0 = 4πε [√1 + x 2 |0 ]
0

k
⇒ VB − V0 = 4πε (√2 − 1)
0

Now, by definition, WA→B = q(VB − VA )

qk
⇒ WA→B = W = [√2 − 1 − √1.44 + √0.44]
4πε0
(Please observe, that V0 will cancel in the process)

APNI KAKSHA 3
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qk
⇒ WA→B = [1.414 − 1 − 1.2 + 0.66]
4πε0
⇒ WA→B = 9 × 109 × 1000 × 10−6 × 10−9 [−0.126]
⇒ WA→B = −1.1 × 10−3 J
7. Net potential at centre of ring A is
Potential at A Potential at A
VA = ( )+( )
due to itself due to B
1 q (−q)
⇒ VA = 4πε (R + √R2 )
0 +a2
q 1 1
⇒ VA = 4πε [R − √R2 ]
0 +a2

Similarly net potential at centre of ring B is

Potential at B Poteniial at B
VB = ( )+( )
due to itself due to A
q 1 1
⇒ VB = [− + ]
4πε0 R √R2 + a2
Thus potential difference,
ΔV = VB − VA
q 1 1 1 1
⇒ ΔV = [− + − + ]
4πε0 R √R + a
2 2 R √R + a2
2

2q 1 1
⇒ ΔV = [ − ]
4πε0 √R2 + a2 R
q 1 1
⇒ ΔV = [ − ]
2πε0 √R2 + a2 R
Since, WA→B = q 0 (VB − VA )
qq 0 1 1
⇒ WA→B = [ − ]
2πε0 √R2 + a2 R
8. Electric potential at point P is given as
VP = VQP + VqP
KQ Kq
⇒ VP = +
R
(2) R
2Q q
⇒ VP = +
4π ∈0 R 4π ∈0 R
9. At the point of closest approach, the KE of particle transforms into the PE of system. Thus by
conservation c energy, we have

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1 KqQ 2KqQ
⇒ mv 2 + O = O + ⇒r=
2 r mv 2
1
⇒r∝ 2
v
If q was given a speed 2v then now closest approach distance will be
r1 v2 2 v1 2 v1 2 r
= ( ) ⇒ r2 = ( ) r1 = ( ) r =
r2 v1 v2 2v 4

10. Electric potential at point C2 is

Kq Kq
VC2 = (+ ) + (− )
√d2 + R2 R
Electric potential at point C1 is
VC1 = V+q + V−q
Kq Kq
⇒ VC1 = + (− )
R √d2 + R2
Potential difference between centres of rings is
q 1 1
ΔV = VC1 − VC2 = ( − )
2πϵ0 R √d + R2
2

11. We can ignore induction effects on spheres due to charge on other sphere as separation
l > r1 , r2
If q1 and q 2 are charges on A and B after connection, we have
VA = VB
Kq1 Kq 2
=
r1 r2
Electric field magnitude on surfaces of A and B are
Kq1 Kq 2 EA r2 2
EA = 2 and EB = r ⇒ = =
r1 2 EB r1 ⋅ 1
12. Due to symmetry V0 = 0
At O net EF is in direction as shown in figure-1
After interchanging charges as given in que
Still V0 = 0 (remain unchanged)
⃗ is reversed.
As shown in figure-2 direction of E

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13. r1 = √22 + 02 = 2

r2 = √(√2)2 + (√2)2 = 2

As r1 = r2 so electric potentials at points A and B are equal

⇒ VA = VB
14. Work done in moving a charge q from point P to Q is given as
W = q(VQ − VP )
⇒ W = [100 × (−1.6 × 10−19 )] × [−4 − (10)]
⇒ W = 2.24 × 10−16 J
15. As the surface charge densities of the two shells are along equal
q1 q2 Q
⇒ 2
= 2
=
4πr 4πR 4π(r + R2 )
2

Electric potential at common centre is given as

Kq1 Kq 2
VC = +
r R
1 Qr 2 QR2 (r + R)Q
⇒ VC = [ 2 2
+ 2 2
] ⇒ VC =
4πϵ0 r(r + R ) R(r + R ) 4π ∈0 (r 2 + R2 )
16. Charge on element
Q
dq = dx
L
Potential at O due to dq is given as
Kdq KQ
dV = = dx
x Lx
Potential at O due to whole rod AB is
x=2L
KQ
V = ∫ dV = ∫ dx
x=L Lx
KQ KQ
⇒V= [ln x]2L
L = [ln 2 L ln L]
L L
KQ Q
⇒V= ln (2) = ln (2)
L 4π ∈0 L

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dV dV
17. For |Z| ≤ |m ⃗E = − dZ k̂ = 10| Z ∣ k̂. −1 m < Z < 1 m and for |Z| ≥ 1 m ⃗E = − dZ k̂ = ±10k̂

Z > 1 m and Z < −1 m constant EF

By analyzing the EF we can state that it is produced by a
uniform charge distribution in a thick sheet of width 2 m as
shown.
Due to a thick volume charged sheet, inside at a distance Z from
central plane the EF is given as
ρZ
Ein = = 10z
ϵO
⇒ ρ0 = 10 ∈0 for |z| ≤ 1 m ⇒ ρ0 = 0 for |z| ≥ 1 m
18. r2 − r1 = r1 − r0 = rN − rN−1
ΔV ΔV ΔV Potential differences
Only in uniform EF the separation betwe having same ΔV is constant.
To calculate EF at a distance r from centre of charge distribution then
it is given by
kq
EP =
r2
Where q → charge enclosed within sphere of rad r = 0 to r = r.
19. Charges on shells A, B and C are
q A = +σ × 4πa2
q B = −σ × 4πb2
q C = −σ × 4πe2
'Potential of shell B due to all the shell charges is given as
VB = VqA + VqB + VqC
Kq A Kq B Kq C
⇒ VB = + +
b b C
1 σ4πa2 σ4πb2 σ4πc 2
⇒ VB = ( − + )
4πϵ0 b b c
σ a2 σ a2 − b 2
⇒ VB = ( − b + c) = ( + c)
ϵ0 b ϵ0 b

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20. By work energy theorem, we use

1
mv 2 = −q(VA − VB )
2
r r λ λ
⇒ VA − VB = ∫r0 E ⋅ dr = ∫r0 dr = [ln r]rr0
2πϵ0 r 2πϵ0
λ r
⇒ VA − VB = ln ( )
2πϵ0 r0
From equation-(1), we use
1 λ r
mv 2 = q [ ln ( )]
2 2π ∈0 r0

r
⇒ v ∝ √ln ( )
r0

21. Statement-1 is also practical experience based; so it is true.

Statement-2 is also true but is not the correct explanation of Statement-1. Correct explanation
is "there is increase in normal reaction when the object is pushed and there is decrease in
normal reaction when object is pulled".
Hence, the correct answer is (B).
q
22. Electric field due to q 0 is towards left and is 4πε0 r2 but electric field due to induced charge is
0
q0
towards right and will have same magnitude 4πε 2
so that electric field inside the sphere is
0r

zero.

Hence, the correct answer is (D).

23. For q 0 , we have (U + K)at 0 = (U + K)at ∞
2qq 0 1
⇒ + 0 = mv02 + 0
4πε0 a 2

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v0
24. v= 2

(U + K)initial = (U + K)final
1
Here Uinitial → 0 and K initial = 2 mv 2
qq0
where as Ufinal = and K final = 0
4πε0 √x2 +a2

1 v02 0 + 2qq 0
⇒ 0 + m( ) =
2 4 4πε0 √x 2 + a2
1 qq 0 qq 0
m( )=
2 4πε0 ma 2πε0 √x 2 + a2

⇒ √x 2 + a2 = 4a ⇒ x = √15a
Hence, the correct answer is (D).
2qq 1
25. 0 + 0 = − 4πε 0a + 2 mv 2
0

1 qq 0
⇒ mv 2 =
2 2πε0 a

qq 0
⇒ v = v0 = √
πε0 ma

Hence, the correct answer is (C).

APNI KAKSHA 9