Lecture 2 Fluid Mechanics 1 - Hydrostatic Pressure

9/15/2021
College of Engineering
Department of Civil and Architectural
Engineering
Principles of Engineering
Module Code: ASU_S_POE
Lecture 2
Dr. Rouya Hdeib

Office 222, Ext. 151
rouya.hdeib@asu.edu.bh
FLUID MECHANICS
Objectives
- Fluids
- Pressure, and hydrostatic Pressure
- Measuring and Using Pressure
- Buoyancy
- Fluid Dynamics
- Elasticity
Chapter 14: Fluids and Elasticity in your textbook
Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.
Principles of Engineering,
Semester 1 2020-2021, Dr. Rouya Hdeib. 1
9/15/2021
TEXTBOOK
 Knight, R.D. 2017. Physics for
Scientists and Engineers, a
Strategic Approach with Modern
Physics, 4/E. Pearson Education,
Incorporated.
Chapter 14 Preview
9/15/2021
Chapter 14 Preview
Chapter 14 Preview
9/15/2021
Chapter 14 Preview
Chapter 14 Preview
9/15/2021
Molecular Model of Gasesof

Principles and Liquids
Engineering
QuickCheckPrinciples
14.1 of Engineering
Density
A piece of glass is broken

into two pieces of different
size. How do their densities
compare?
A. ρ1 > ρ3 > ρ2
B. ρ1 = ρ3 = ρ2
C. ρ1 < ρ3 < ρ2
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14.1 of Engineering
A piece of glass is broken

into two pieces of different
size. How do their densities
compare?
A. ρ1 > ρ3 > ρ2
B. ρ1 = ρ3 = ρ2
C. ρ1 < ρ3 < ρ2
Density characterizes the substance itself,

not particular pieces of the substance.
 The SI units of mass density are kg/m3.
Densities ofPrinciples
Various Fluids
of Engineering
9/15/2021
Pressure
 A fluid in a container presses with an
outward force against the walls of that
container.
 The pressure is defined as the ratio of
the force to the area on which the force is
exerted:
 The SI units of pressure are N/m2, also defined as the pascal,

where 1 pascal = 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
Atmospheric Pressure
 The global average sea-level pressure

is 101,300 Pa. Consequently we define
the standard atmosphere as
9/15/2021
Pressure in Liquids
 The shaded cylinder of liquid in the figure, like
the rest of the liquid, is in static equilibrium
with net = 0 .
 Balancing the forces in the free-body diagram:
 The volume of the cylinder is V = Ad and its

mass is m = ρAd.
 Solving for pressure:
Pressure in Liquids
• The pressure at depth d in a liquid is
• where is ρ the liquid’s density, and p0 is the pressure at the

surface of the liquid. Because the fluid is at rest, the pressure is
called the hydrostatic pressure.
The fact that g appears in the equation reminds us that there is a
gravitational contribution to the pressure.
9/15/2021
Liquids in Hydrostatic
PrinciplesEquilibrium
of Engineering
Stop to Think
 No!
 A connected liquid in hydrostatic equilibrium rises to
the same height in all open regions of the container.
14.2 of Engineering
Stop to Think
What can you say about

the pressures at points
1 and 2?
A. p1 > p2
B. p1 = p2
C. p1 < p2
9/15/2021
14.2 of Engineering
Stop to Think
What can you say about the pressures at points 1 and 2?
A. p1 > p2
B. p1 = p2
C. p1 < p2
Hydrostatic pressure is the same at all points on a

horizontal line through a connected fluid.
14.3 of Engineering
Stop to Think
An iceberg floats in a shallow sea. What can you say about the
pressures at points 1 and 2?
A. p1 > p2
B. p1 = p2
C. p1 < p2
9/15/2021
14.3 of Engineering
Stop to Think
An iceberg floats in a shallow sea. What can you say about

the pressures at points 1 and 2?
A. p1 > p2
B. p1 = p2
C. p1 < p2
Hydrostatic pressure is the same at all points on a

horizontal line through a connected fluid.
Class Problem
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Class Problem
Class Problem
9/15/2021
Gauge Pressure
Gauge Pressure
 Many pressure gauges, such as tire gauges and the gauges on
air tanks, measure not the actual or absolute pressure p but what
is called gauge pressure pg.
1 atm = 101.3 kPa
A tire-pressure gauge reads the gauge

pressure pg, not the absolute pressure p.
Tactics: Hydrostatics
9/15/2021
Manometers Principles of Engineering
Manometer
 The figure shows a manometer: a U-
shaped tube connected to the gas at
one end and open to air at the other.
 The tube is filled with liquid mercury of
density ρ.
 Steps 1-3 from Tactics Box 15.1 are
shown.
 Since p1 = p2:
Example 14.6 Principles

Using a Manometer
of Engineering
Class Problem
9/15/2021
Example 14.6 Principles

Using a Manometer
of Engineering
Class Problem
REFERENCES
 Knight, R.D. 2017. Physics for Scientists and Engineers, a Strategic
Approach with Modern Physics, 4/E. Pearson Education, Incorporated.
 Pinterić, M. 2017. Building Physics: From physical principles to

international standards. Springer.

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9/15/2021

Dr. Rouya Hdeib

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Molecular Model of Gasesof

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

A piece of glass is broken

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

A piece of glass is broken

Density characterizes the substance itself,

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

 The SI units of pressure are N/m2, also defined as the pascal,

 The global average sea-level pressure

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

 The volume of the cylinder is V = Ad and its

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

• where is ρ the liquid’s density, and p0 is the pressure at the

What can you say about

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Hydrostatic pressure is the same at all points on a

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

An iceberg floats in a shallow sea. What can you say about

Hydrostatic pressure is the same at all points on a

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

1 atm = 101.3 kPa

A tire-pressure gauge reads the gauge

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Manometers Principles of Engineering

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Example 14.6 Principles

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

Example 14.6 Principles

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

 Pinterić, M. 2017. Building Physics: From physical principles to

Principles of Engineering, Semester 1 2021-2022, Dr. Rouya Hdeib.

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