ㅃㅃ 6.

smmetysmmetryAl re.pt#on
Symme.ly Operation 이
Operation
"
are called

has (중심지 ) 를
"

"
symme.ly Operations
가지고 있고
Operation 이후에도
"

"
그 10cm가 변하지 않는다면 10cm를 element 라 한다
"
,
그
symme.ly

Symmety Operation Symme.ly element

Ration Ration ais

Reflection Mirror Planet

In version In version Center ( Center of symme.ly)

Ration Axis
360°
N-folda.is n =

∅ 二晉 ( ∅! minimumanglerequiredtoreac.hu position indistingui.sk a He )

( 구분할 수 없는)

∅ =
180 가2 ∅ 1200 n= 3 0=900 야4 0=600 nb
=
, ,
,
,

讓 뉢
u
→
18이
900 60°
麴

3위d

6-foldaxislimitationofrotationai.sk#icepointsELaHice1ine
2 -
Atl Axis Axis 4t이 a,

을 형성한다

평행한 두 벡터 ,
5' 가 latticelir.es 이라면 그 둘은
, equalorintegerrat.io 관계 이어야한다
5)
5) = mi )

5£61 와 7위이는 이를 만족하지 않고 kㅵ plate을 구성하지 못한다

5th Axis
'Hold
Axis

B =
MA를 만족하는 경우 찾기 ( 5' =
mi ,
in is inte
ger)

於 2r5m2 E =
싸sina.SE ( 비막공식 Sin2G 25m000 )
5)
/ =
2rs.int
-

>
4rsink.ws E =
m.2rs.int > C0S와 ↑ ,
-1 ≤ cost ≤ l

∴ M = -

2, -
1 ,
0
,
1
,
2 聃

즉 1.2.3.4
, ,
6 -
fld ration 만 존재
Ration in Carter Carolinate
Y ^
FA씨 가 ANS
미끼야 , yAxis
(0501-5m00

) R1뺘10C000-5대의
1

( ) R1맞지
•
0 0

제재야 and an o 00.0-a0 10

PH.gr)
•

∅
) 0 ° 1
, O Sing cost ,
5M0000
'
✗

G) ① ∅ 二兀 ② 야孜 ( 120 ) ③ ∅二孜 ( 240이

i
胎川 O O
8) R13햐상향의
l
옜 보 O
水玔憺 쓯 i)
특징
① 貽州妙二
위이행위지우 68 ) 0 0 1
二姙 )

'
② R16) 二服 ) R16.3 ) =
R12I ) R16.4 ) =
R13.2 )

Reflection
• •

5)
• > •

쀄
m

깽평면 Mirror Have Y평면 Mirror Have

Inversion

원점 ( inversion Center) 대칭

ion Center

All Has are centrosym.netric

Gmpoundsymmeyopationcompoundsymme.ly Operation i Two
symme.ly Operation in sequence as a
Single event
Can
binationofsymme.ly Operation i Two ormoreindividualsymme.ly Operations are combinedwhicharethemseluessymme.ly Operations

Ex ) 6m poundsymme.ly Operation
Seminary Ration Reflection In version Translation
elements

마10 Rotor Scene

Relations
-

reaction in version Nation

Robinversion Reflection & Motion Rob 2위d Alide

Reflection
-

reaction Axis Nation reaction

Condition
Command
In version Rotor Hold
In version
_

in version Nation Axis

Translation In Version
Scream Ali de plate
-

Center

Robinversion
(ompoundsymme.ly Operation of Nation
Robinversion Axis : n ( T.I.J.IT )

Expression : I, 2. 纖繇 쌣

三 in version Centre I Em ) 3E 3시

'

identialwithmirrorplaneon.ly
I is

plane73isdenticdwithcombinationope.ru#onsof3 o1daxis
and in version ( I )

4 6
(0mP에이와 combinati.in 결과동일
,

74 impliesthep.ee of 2-foldrotationai.is
a
Parallel

>
6impliesthepesenceofa3-foldaxisandperpendicularmim.ir pkme

三 in version Center 4 impt.es 2 odd number (홀수) 만이

2E M
6 三弘 m > inversion Center가 존재한다
3 三 3+1
Rob reaction
Gmpoundsymme.ly Operation of Nation and reaction in a
plate Normal to The Axis

Sn ( n =
1 2, 3.4.6
, )
Ttossotstnssosesaes 謳 Reflection 과 Robinversion은 일대일 대응관계이다

S, < >
2 £, < >
4

£ < > T )< >

3

S < >
6

Gmbinotnsymmetry.peration i Ration + Reflection

" A Mirror planeisaddednormaltotherotationaxis.in
☆ ☆
> ration 으로도
symme.ly를 만족하고
ve en
ne
reaction 으로도 symme.ly를 만족함

other Elliott

A Mirror
planeisaddedhorizontallytotherotationaxis.in

☆
•

번호가 매겨진 동그라미 모두 Nation 과 reaction을 만족해야한다

2m 4m 6m은 Mirror rated 되어 2mm , 4mm , 6mm이다 ( 파란색 점선이 추가된 Planet
plate 이 하나 더
•

Mirror
, ,
gene
>
1m과 3m은 추가적인 Mirror
Man이 생길 수 없다 ( 아무리 찾아도 없다)
Planet 같이 Nation 되기
>
Mirror 때문에 위의 그림에서 파란 점선이 실제로 generated 된 Mirror 한 개다
,
여러개지만 Planet
4m에서도 한개 ,
6m에서도 한개의 Mirror Man이 추가된다 )
Constitution of Nation Axis Eden Construction

Condition of ration Axis in 3D

Space

A. 恪二 G
>
Ration Around A Axis to ✗

교차하는 두개의 Nation Axis 가 있다면 , inevitablyireateathirdrotatiiequivalenttothecombinat.co n

• 즉 to Nation
, as 을 하나의 Nation Axis 로 표현 가능하다
邈
臧 >
Gmbinationoftworo.la#onaxesmustgeneratethirdrotation Axis

> Ration Axis 는 1개 혹은 3개이다 (2개는 없음 )

Third Nation Axis의 위치는 ?

>
A. t.mg ( to C
'

El must bearotakonaboutanai.sc
HC 내메이 >

B bing.CH c

Third Nation Axis 의 각도 ( Angle) 은 ?

'
As des A unmou.cl BA2를 생각해보자
,

BB ③
'

moves A to A LA BE LAB( =

,
AB =
AB
∴ △ ABC △ ABC > LACB =
LA'( B =
쬬

Angular e.la#onamongrotationaxesBOEU,COA=ILA0B=I
.ro 반지름이 1인구위
-

# ※, 구면삼각형 코사인 법칙
I -

E CO5W sina.sinv.com
-

=
Co SU (05V +
.

i 해 1

帿坼N U =
18아
05W + (05V.co
V =
1800 V -
대입 , aw =

ssinv.si
n

W =
1800 -

W
Gmbinakonofrotationaxisallc.se
먼저 예시 ) Let's
assumeOA4foldaxis.OB-2folda.is
셔아 13=1800

cosu.GS#tcos=B.cosIU=450sinzB.sinF 0C 2Nd 일때
- >
계산 > K900
W #이
5=1800

• cosv.ae tai.ci >

sina.int ( -

3세일때 , 계산 ,
냐35.260
만54.730
F1200 450

cosf.ws/fsinIsiniBa1 case
W
王十
-
"
•
wsw =

쫑 20cc에

직접 W계산
Gmbinat.vn W
( 나머지는 1초과 )
222 0¥ =
0
qo POSW의
나머지 244246 266
223
→
www.ot#=i 60 333 334 336
N 344 346 366 → (0깞리

224 任手淳 ¢5
444 446 466 ( Canis 존재X )
666
옜+0 B
226 300
,
초

차0
233 V32
=
③ 54.44°

COSW-10.lk -10

234 → s
二爬 35.16°

③
,
1. > LA야이

옜 A' 0A축과 OB축이 같음

236 -10=1 o ' Rotationax.is 가 1개인 경우
예2
222,223,224,226,233,234

222 s OHhorhombicattc.tn/3=r

223 >
Tigerna1 or Rhombohedralatcx.BY#9i

Crystal /
224 EIragno.la#tcx=B=r=9i graphicaxialsymmetriesbaseduponthicombinat.us
>
→
of

Nation Axis
"

226 >

Hexagna.la#tCx=B=9o:F12i
233 > (ubc 卵北 水乃江 900

234 > Cube at ( 야마세이

Gmbinatnsmme.ly Operation : Ration t Ration

Gmbinakonofrotationaxes.tn ( M 1.33.4.6 ration ans ) 5 E

→ Special Case of abic

-

- -
c
b,

✓A
e r ro r then
lecture7.Brau is.la#ic 3rav isLatic waytodescribea repeatingarrangeme.int of objects that All a
Space

1) DBravaislatt.ee Line We (1) 2) 2DBravaislatt.ee Marie 썌이5 ) 3) 3DBravaislatt.ie Space 1세대 ( 14)
• • • •
•
• • • • • • • • • .ee • •
•
• • • •
'

ii.
•
.ee .io
p
.

曹
•
• • •
•

,뺪 .ee
,
No length or no
angle
• .co

Theatre length and and There are length and and

>
Only One vector
Length : 5
'
, Length : .EE
Angle : r Angle : M13.5

2D Bravaislattice5planelatti.es

Orthorhomb.ci .
>

① Parallelogramlobliqueormonoct.ie 평행사변형 2 Rimit.ve

:
WangW ( 직사각형 ) : 3 Central Range ( 중심에 원자존재)
: i
i i

, ,

i i

i i

i i
i
,

i i

i i
i
,

u u

Private Range Central

,
Rectangularlenteredrhomt.ie
( 마름모 )
Orthorhomb.ie
4 Square ! ⑤ HexagonalWRhomt.us)
-

毗敍

i
i
l

4 Cold
-

Axis ! 6.3 Adams

e­
e­
Formation of 5 planelatt.es
In Crystal , Symme.ly Operations should sa#
※ The translation symme.ly ( 5' 해에 .mn 2.3.4.6 )
1)
Rotationsymme.ly should 쎄씨 The translation symme.ly:0Hique Square Hexagor.at
, ,

2) Reflection should
symme.ly Safety The translation
symmetyiprimitiverectangulw.Centeredtectang.nl ar

①
Development of he General plate Iatte Parallel ogram
1 .
1 .
B

1)
i i ,i

"
not
"
2t이d Nation + translation
7일 ∴ •
2

Nation translation Nation

②
Development of he
Special planelattiePrimit.ve rate nh
ng
•
• •

a.
2. fdd Nation + translation )
General Operation
" 繡
tan
v. > . .
its Mirror plate >
addit.nu/operation(additionalsymmetry)

3
Development of The Center

edrectangular.ae
Special plate Nice

2 -
AN Nation + translation )
General Operation
•

The Mirror
plate and 4개의 추가 Hold Nation ( 魏 ) >
addit.nu/operation(additionalsymmetry)
•

④ Development of The
Special PlanetatHe Square
2위d Nation translation )
General Operation

This Mirror
plate and 4th
addit.nu/operation(additiona1symmetry)Characteristicsy
Axis ( ㅁ) >

mmet ric
Operation

⑤ Development of The
Special Marie Wie HeMynot

2 AN Nation
-
+ translation )
General Operation
EL) 3,6 £ 바 ration Axis and Mirror
plate >
addit.nu/operation(additionalsymmetry)
 Development
'

2
Development of The

pknelattiecente.ec/rectangulari
3
of The
Special pknelattieprimitiuerectangv.br , Special

2£61 and minor

plate
• .
Axis
) • •
2 -
fdd Axis and minor plate
9개 ! ,
•

• •
• • 9개-14개 !
1

additional2-foldrotationai.si
1

4
Development of The
Special pknelatt.ae Square i 5
Development of he
Special Marie Wie Hugona1
1

2.4 Cold Axis and Mirror

Home
'
2.3.6-b61 Axis
and
plate
• •
쨞
( Mirror
쨷
l
• •

:
Sunny
General

Special

DerNation of he Space 1세대

3D Wie ! Period icrepititionofa2Dplanelatt.ee by Hard translation
Space
a

'
Marie 썌.at ti

펍
心
PGI.F.la#e NOrhorhombicp ( I F

Book Center의

centeredprimitivespacelat icelP.la#ces)Shapesofunitmesh
Private BaseCentral Face -

instackedlay.rs Interplanarspac.mg Late

Monodiri.cl?Rectangu1ar(atbo
Parallel
.gram (
Arts ) b.
) G 0rthorhomt.io P
G (A

Tetrag.com/PSquare(Ao=b
Square ( A .
킹)
= =
b)

) G ( 상당 ) (
ubicPWRhombusla.be
=

HexagonalPFidiniclsymme.ly
) G

1)

1) Late parameta.si a 拈牝

2) Late angle : ✗ ≠ B ≠ r

>
Only One Braunis Late (3D ) for Hi diric Crystal System >
R Tridi ni c

Monodinic . .

CMonodinic.DK#ueparameter:Atb=lC
RNnodin.ie

Two Braun.sk#ceBD)formonodinic Crystal System

2) Late
Angle : 13=90 RMonodinic.C-monoct.nu
>
야 ≠t
0rhorhombiclsymme.ly 2)
Monodinicl.EE
i
100Z) ,
'
탑 100Z )
:
i
'

C-orthorhomb.io/Mondinic
ROrthorhomb.ec

Felix
i
'

7 1
1

故坮 ) !
t nsenseses eenssoesaeeseetensersestst snt t t eosnt tetset nsresntatcoaesoatt ede
I 玭冶 i)
I-orthorhoml.io ,
Forthorhomh.io

1) L峨e paramete.si A 拈北 >

Four Braun 뺴e (3D) for orthorhomt.ie Crystal System

P.CI/F0rthorhombicTetragona11Symmetry4
2) Late angle : 야B다 .
900 >

) 1

굡= ( 00Z ) i
I

i n

l 故絃 !)
1

I-Tdragonalnlatticeparamete.rs?A=btC
RT-1mg이
Two Davis Wie ( 3D) for E1mgnd Crystal System
" Late angle P.IT#agona1
)
: 야B다 .
900
펩ona1 &
HexagonalslRhombohedral.li 巧二 ( 00 Z )
: ^

! 弼一伽 )
1

대각선
:
RTrig.nu/.RHexagonal I
RRhombohedraltr.ge
na1 and HeMynot is same ) i

1) 山粃 parameteria.ba
1) 뼤e parameteria.be
2) Lake angle : x 13=5=900
=
2) Lake angle : 야B가 ≠900

Cube ( 5mm배 4 and 3 )

탑 1002) _ 車呼心
^

5) =
( O k k)
.

P Cube
-

F Cube
銹麟
h 밑면
,

F Cube 안에
亐站 보초 )
trig.nu1과 rhomb.bedrd 이 존재한다
,

Rhombohec.la l ( F-cubicolreducti.vn 된다)

Cube
참고
1) 썌e
parameterickb.cat
Lake angle d 13=5=900 i =

d) reaction 되는 것

ihighsymmety-slowsymme.ly or

동등한
symme.ly
Wb )
NBravaislat .ae?7crystalsystemX6typesofspace1aHice(R
on

I, F, A, B, C) = 42
Space
ㅃㅃ

>
Reaction 되기 때문에 오직 14개의 Bravais.la#ice가 존재한다 .

(중복된다)

Tetagono.IT#agona1
a)
은 RTetragc.ua 1과 IE1mgna1 만이 존재한다 ( FC는 없음 )
" "
n

그 이유는?
""

"
哄 a

"
必 a

Space gap symbolsfortheHBravaislatt.es

> ( 111 ) 방향인듯하다

14 Braveis 1세대는 3D periodis of 를 채울 유일한 방법이다

Array points Space
로

Rattus의 수는 14개로 한정되어 있지만 원자들을 배열하는 방법은 무수히 많다 하지만 Any Crystal
, .
, structure has
Only One Braunis 1세대