INTEGRATION OF THEORY AND MAP

Prepared/complied by Nkhwashu MJ Geography Term Two content workshop

 Integration of theory and map
How to determine wind direction on a topographical map

Note:

• Runways are orientated in relation to the

prevailing wind.
• The longest runway is used and the point of
reference.

What is the direction of the

prevailing wind in block E1?

Confused?

• Answer: North North East (NNE) or South South

West (SSW).
• Reason: Landing strip/runway orientated in
relation to the prevailing wind.
 Integration of theory and map
How to determine wind direction on a topographical map
(integration with katabatic)

Katabatic
wind facts:
Refer to Block C1:
Q: What wind blows
downslope at night?
• Blow downslope during the night. A: katabatic wind.
• Reduce the temperature in the
bottom of the valley.
• Causes frost at the bottom of the Q: How does it influence
valley temperatures?
A: It lowers temperatures.

Q: How does it influence

crops at the bottom of the
valley?
A: It may kill crops which are
not frost resistant.

Q: How will it influence

motorist in block C1?
A: It causes poor visibility
which may cause accidents.
 Integration of theory and map
How to determine wind direction in a topographical map
(integration mid latitude cyclone )
Wind direction Wind direction
before a cold after a cold
front: front:

• Blow from North west • Wind blows from south

west

Runway B can be used

before a cold front. It
would take off/land in
Runway A can be used the NW direction against
after cold front. It would the wind.
fly out/land in the SW
direction against the
wind.
 Integration of theory and map
How to determine slope aspect
Facts about slope
aspect:

Facts: Slope A is north facing.

It receives more sunshine.
A It is preferred for settlement
and farming.

Facts: Slope B is south facing.

B It receives less sunshine.
It is not preferred for settlement
and farming.
 Integration of theory and map
Inter-visibility
Facts about slope
aspect:

B
A
C

Fact : Trig station marked A and spot height

marked B is inter-visible.

Reason: There no obstruction (blocking

object between the to points.

Fact: Spot height 809 and spot height 865

are not intervisible.
Reason: There is an obstruction between
the two places
 Integration of theory and map
RURAL AND URBAN CLIMATES
Facts about slope
aspect:

Fact: Place marked A is c

warmer than C.
Reason: A is has artificial
surfaces that attract and
retain heat.
Many sources of heat at A.
C is cooler as it has no
artificial surfaces that trap
heat.

Fact: A has lower wind

speed. A
Reason: Buildings slow
down the wind.
Integration of theory and Map fluvial processes
Upper course:
River valley is narrow.
Reason: Vertical erosion.
Fluvial features: water falls,
rapids; spurs.
Fluvial process: vertical erosion

Middle course:
River valley is wider.
Reason: lateral erosion.
Fluvial features: meandering;
Fluvial process: lateral erosion
and a bit of vertical erosion

Lower course:
River is very wide.
Fluvial process: deposition.
Fluvial feature: meander;
oxbow lake; marshes; river
mouth; sand banks.

Prepared by Nkhwashu MJ: To be continued

TRANSITION ZONE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Some of the slides (7;8;9 10) were borrowed fro Mr Glen Samaai –
WCED.