Comparing surface analysis and upper air charts.

Previously in this learning outcome, the Jetstream and upper air charts were covered.

As already mentioned, the upper air charts play a critical role in the existence of the features shown
on surface synoptic charts, and therefore provide valuable information in the production of a
forecast.

This section will be focusing on the polar front Jetstream and its association with frontal depressions
in mid latitudes.

As a recap, the following statements are applicable:

• The polar Jetstream is a major player in the formation of frontal depressions.

• Extra-tropical cyclones are generally driven or “steered” by the Polar jetstream.

Also, as a recap from the upper air charts section:

• A warm anticyclone extends to a greater depth in the troposphere therefore they can
normally be seen on a 500mb chart.
• Due to cold air being denser, it tends to be more concentrated at lower levels. Therefore a
cold anticyclone may appear on the surface chart but not on the 500mb chart.

Now we will look at a comparison between a surface chart and an upper air chart (500 mb contour
chart).

Refer to the surface analysis chart dated 5th October 2011, 1200 UTC and the 500 mb analysis
(contour chart) dated 5th October 2011, 1200UTC.
Frontal depression in position 46°N 062°W. Anticyclone in position 49°N 037°W. Compare with
Now look at this position on 500mb chart. the 500mb chart.

Anticyclone in position 30°N 049°W. Compare

with 500mb chart.
 Low pressure and its associated trough.
No anticyclone is indicated in this position on the 500mb
chart. This would most likely be a cold anticyclone.

Anticyclone is indicated on 500mb chart as well as the Note: the Jetstream is passing directly over the United
surface chart, therefore this is most likely a warm Kingdom. Therefore it will steer frontal depressions
anticyclone. Note: 30° N latitude, this will be a towards the UK, bringing wet, windy and unsettled
subtropical anticyclone (STAC). weather.