THE EYE Concave lenses

See nearby Surgery

Conjunctiva K objects clearly
A Sclera Convex lenses
Function: Protective function – protects the Functions:
See distant
objects clearly
eye from dust and infection-causing Surgery
• Protects the eye against damage
microorganisms
Bi-focal lenses
(continuation of sclera) Cornea J • Gives shape to the eyeball
Surgery
Function: Responsible for the refraction
Adaptation: Surgery (replace lens
(bending) of light rays
• It’s a tough membrane with synthetic lens)
Adaptation/s:
• Convex in shape – allows refraction
• Transparent – allows light to pass through

Adaptation B Choroid
Yellow SPOT Functions:
Iris I - Area containing lots of cones • Supply the eye with nutrients and oxygen
Function -Best image formed here
Controls the amount of light entering the
• eye / Changes the size of the pupil • Prevents (reduces) internal reflection of light

Aqueous
humour
---------Vitreous humour------------- Adaptation:
Pupil H
Blind SPOT • A dark coloured layer, rich in blood vessels
Function:Allows light to enter the eye
-No image forms here… No rods C Retina
Lens G
and cones are found here Function:
Function: Changes shape for near and
distant vision/Refract light to fall on the retina -Optic nerve leaves the eye at • Converts light stimuli into verve impulses
Adaptations: j the blind spot Adaptation: Contains the light-sensitive receptor cells,
• Bi-convex – Refracts light i.e. the rods (black and white) and cones (colour vision)
• Transparent membrane-allows light through D Optic nerve ( sensory neuron)
Suspensory ligaments F Function:
Function: Holds the lens in position Transmit impulses from the retina
Binocular vision: The ability to maintain visual focus on
Adaptation It is elastic to the cerebrum
an object with both eyes open
Ciliary muscle E Explain the consequences if this neuron is damaged
Function: Contracts and relax to change the Optic nerve won’t be able to transmit impulses to the
Importance of Binocular vision: It allows a person to •
shape (curvature) of the lens cerebrum, to be interpreted
judge distance and depth (enables 3D vision)
• Person won’t be able to see
ACCOMODATION: the adjustment (changing) of the
shape of the lens to see near of far objects clearly
Bright Dim (low light intensity)
Near vision Far/distant vision
-Circularl muscles -Radial muscles of
1. Ciliary muscle contract 1. Ciliary muscle relaxes of the iris relax the iris contract
3. Tension on the lens decrease 3. Tension on the lens increase -Radial muscles -Circular muscles of
4. Lens becomes more curved/convex 4. Lens becomes les convex / flatter of the iris contracts the iris relax
2. Suspensory ligaments slackens 2. Suspensory ligaments tighten -Pupil constricts - Pupil dilates
(becomes taut) Less light enters the eye More light enters eye