MODULE 11

THE SENSE ORGANS

Activity 11.1
The Human Eye
Name: Jessica Rose B. Atengco Date:
Section: NURS 1-7 Score:

1) Snellen Chart Visual test

The Snellen test uses a chart of letters or symbols. During the test, you'll sit
or stand a specific distance away from the chart and cover one eye. You'll read out
loud the letters you see with your uncovered eye. You'll repeat this process with
your other eye. Record and take note of your observation and result.

OBSERVATION: Based on my observations, the further I move away from the chart, the
more I notice that my eyes have an unequal vision. At 12 meters, my left eye cannot
read smaller letters — it's kind of a blur when I cover it and then open it again, however
my right eye can.

2) Put in Order
Arrange these in the order in which light passes through them to form an image
inside the eye:
Conjunctiva 1. Cornea
Cornea 2. Conjunctiva
Lens 3. Pupil
Pupil 4. Lens
Retina 5. Vitreous humor
Vitreous humor 6. Retina

3) Fill-in
1. Rods is a type of photoreceptor specialized for vision in a dimly lit environment.
2. Rectus muscle attached to your eyeballs
3. On a hot day, sweat collects on your forehead. It is prevented from dripping directly
toward your eye by Eyebrow.
 4. The relative sharpness of an image formed in your eyes is called Acuity
5. Abnormal curvature of the cornea may produce a condition called Astigmatism

LABEL THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES:

FILL-IN THE TABLE BELOW

Tunic or Region Structure FUNCTION(S)

Lacrimal Gland When you blink your eyes, tear fluid is

continuously supplied and wiped across the
Lacrimal surface of
Apparatus
Nasolacrimal duct Its purpose is to drain tears from the ocular
surface into the lacrimal sac and, eventually, the
nasal cavity.

Rectus: Superior, Superior Rectus: Its main task is to elevate the

inferior, lateral, eye, forcing the cornea to migrate superiorly.
medial Inferior Rectus: It works by depressing the eye,
forcing the cornea and pupil to migrate inferiorly.
Medial Rectus: The medial rectus drags the eye
towards the nose when it contracts (adduction or
Extrinsic Eye medial movement).
Muscles Lateral Rectus: Along with the medial rectus,
which is an adductor, the lateral rectus muscle is
an abductor that moves the eye laterally and sides
to side.
 Oblique: Superior, Superior Oblique: The superior oblique serves
Inferior explicitly to move the eye down and out and in
tort the eye.
Inferior Oblique: It is in charge of extortion,
elevation, and abduction.

Conjunctiva It protects and lubricates the eyes through the

production of mucus and tears.
External
Accessories Eyelids, Eyebrows Eyelids: The eyelids protect the eyes from outside
materials that can harm them; act as a barrier
against excessive light or high heat sources; and
aid in eye lubrication.
Eyebrows: They shield our eyes from moisture
and bright light. Also, the job of the brows is to
keep fluids out of our eyes, such as sweat or rain.

Cornea This protects the structures within the eye while

also increasing refractive power and focusing light
Fibrous Tunic rays on the retina with little scatter and optical
degradation.

Sclera It is the eyeball's supporting wall. It keeps your

eyeball in shape and protects it from injury.

Choroid It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the retina's

outer layers.

Ciliary Body It is in charge of modifying the shape of the lens,

whilst the ciliary processes help to produce the
fluid in the eye known as aqueous humor.

Lens It collaborates with the cornea to properly

concentrate light on the retina.

Suspensory It prevents the downward movement of the

Vascular Tunic Ligament eyeball by keeping it in its normal upright and
forward posture within the orbit.

Iris has the ability to control the amount of light that

can enter the retina. It also determines the color
of the eyes.

Pupil The pupil opens and shuts to regulate the amount

of light that enters the eye.
 Tapetum lucidum Since the tapetum lucidum is not present in the
human eye, humans have poor night vision. By
reflecting light back through the retina, this layer
enhances night vision.

Retina The retina turns light that enters your eye into
electrical impulses that your optic nerve transmits
to your brain, resulting in the images we see.

Macula This translates light that enters your eye into

Nervous Tunic images that you see.

Fovea centralis It is in charge of crisp center vision, which is

required in humans for tasks requiring a high level
of visual detail, such as reading and driving.

Optic Disc Signals are transferred from the photoreceptors in

the eye to the optic nerve, allowing us to see.

Anterior Aqueous humor It bathes and nourishes the lens while also
Compartment maintaining eye pressure.

Posterior Vitreous humor Allows light to reach the retina while keeping the
Compartment eyeball's shape.

Optic nerve Produces visual images, your eyes send messages

to your brain. They are critical to your capacity to
see.

Activity 11.2
The EAR, HEARING, and EQUILIBRIUM
Name: Jessica Rose B. Atengco Date:
Section: NURS 1-7 Score:

A. Using your textbook and Manual and other on-line references, perform the following
Hearing and Equilibrium tests: Record your observations and the results
o Rinne test
Result: I was able to hear the sound of the tuning fork next to my ear.
o Weber Test
Result: the sound is equally heard on both sides
o Romberg Test
 Result: capable of remaining stable and wobbling minimally during the test

B. Arrange these structures in the order in which SOUND WAVES pass through them:
Auricle 1. Auricle
Endolymph 2. External auditory canal
External auditory canal 3. Tympanum
Incus 4. Malleus
Malleus 5. Incus
Perilymph 6. Stapes
Stapes 7 Perilymph
Tectorial membrane/Organ of Corti 8. Endolymph
Tympanum 9. Tectorial membrane/Organ of Corti

C. Ear Division
o For each structure below, identify whether it is part of the external, middle, or internal
ear. Tabulate your answer.

External Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear

i. Auricle vi. Malleus iii. Cochlea

iv. External auditory canal v. Incus x. semicircular canal

xii. Tympanic membrane xi. Stapes ix. Saccule

xiii. Utricle

xiv. Vestibule

vii. Membranous labyrinth

viii. Organ of Corti

ii. Bony labyrinth

i. Auricle viii. Organ of Corti

ii. Bony labyrinth ix. Saccule
iii. Cochlea x. semicircular canal
iv. External auditory canal xi. Stapes
v. Incus xii. Tympanic membrane
vi. Malleus xiii. Utricle
 vii. Membranous labyrinth xiv. Vestibule

Label the following (Anatomy of the Ear)

 The auricle, the visible region of the outer ear, gathers sound waves and, in conjunction
with the concha, the cavity at the entrance to the external auditory canal aids in sound
funneling into the canal. When sound waves reach the tympanic membrane, they begin to
vibrate and enter the middle ear. The vibrations are further carried into the ear by three bones
(ossicles): the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup). Sound reaches the cochlea
in the inner ear after passing via the oval window. Hair cells in the organ of Corti (inside the
cochlea) are stimulated, which stimulates the vestibulocochlear nerve's cochlear branch. The
cochlear nerve subsequently sends electrical signals to the temporal lobe's auditory section.