1.

6 The Sense of Sight

The ability of the sense organ to
detect light stimuli
 Ciliary
muscles
Retina
cornea Vitreous
Humour

conjunctiva Eye lens choroid

Aqueous Yellow spot

humour
iris Optic nerve

Suspensory Blind spots

ligaments sclera

Cross section the human eyeball

 sclera
• Though,
fibrous
Characteristics
• Opaque and
strong

sclera
• Forms a
Functions
protective layer
around eyeball
 • Middle layer that
Characteristic contains a network of
s capillaries and black
pigments

choroid
• The capillaries supply
nutrients and oxygen to
the eye
Functions
• The black pigments
absorb light and prevent
reflection of light
 • The innermost of the
Characteristic
s eyeball. It has cells
sensitive to light

retina
• Receives light stimulus
and sends information in
the form of nerve
Functions impulses to the brain
• The black pigments
absorb light and prevent
reflection of light
 • A point of retina that is
the most sensitive tp
light.
Characteristic
• Detect the images of
s
objects formed &
changes them to nerve
impulses.

Yellow spot
(fovea) • Receives light stimulus
and sends information in
the form of nerve
Functions impulses to the brain
• The black pigments
absorb light and prevent
reflection of light
 • A point of the retina
where the optic nerve
Characteristic
s
leave the eye.
• There are no light
-sensitive cells here

Blind spot
• This point of retina is
not sensitive to light.
Functions • Images falling on this
spot cannot be
detected
 • The part of the
Characteristic cornea that is
s transparent at the
front of the eye.

Cornea
• Allows light to enter
the eye.
• Helps to focus light
Functions
onto the retina by
bending the light rays
passing through it
 • The coloured
Characteristics
part of the
eyearound the
pupil.

Iris
• Controls the size
of pupil and
Functions hence control the
amount of light
entering the eye
 • The opening at the
front of the eye
Characteristics
that is surrounded
by the iris.

Pupil
• Allows light pass
into the eye
Functions • Controls the
amount of the light
that enters the eye.
 • Biconvex, elastic
Characteristics
transparent.

Eye lens
• Bends & focuses the
light to form an image
on the retina.
Functions
• The thickness of the lens
can be altered to focus
near & distant objects.
 • Strongs
membranes that
Characteristics connect the lens
to the ciliary
muscles
Suspensory
ligamenst
• Hold the lens in
Functions
place and
connect it to the
ciliary muscles
 • Muscles form
Characteristics from the anterior
of the choroid

Ciliary
• Contract &
relaxes to
Functions changes the
thickness of the
lens
 • A watery,
transparent liquid
Characteristics that fills the space
between the cornea
and the eye lens

Aqueus
humour
• Helps to focus the
image onto the retina.
Functions • Helps to maintain the
shape of the eye & the
pressure in the eye.
 • A thick jelly-
like , transparent
Characteristics fluids that fills up
the space behind
the eye lens
Vitreous
humour
• Helps keep the
shape of the eye
Functions spherical.
• Bends light onto
retina
 • The nerve
Characteristics
that conect
the retina to
the brain.
Optic nerve
• Send nerve
Functions
impulses to
the brain to
be intepretd