Health Monitoring System in Smart Home Environment

Aim

 The work's goal is to use information gathered from smart home sensors to make
predictions about the health of its residents.
 The system records the patient's vitals (temperature, heart rate, EEG data), displays them
to the attending physician, and stores them in the device's memory.

The following are some examples of where the remote health monitoring system could be useful:

 The patient has a medical history of regulatory body system instability. This occurs when
a patient is being given a brand-new medication for the first time.
 The patient has a history of heart attacks or is at risk for them.

• The vitals can be tracked to foresee and warn of any potential changes in the body's
condition.

• Serious problem with a vital organ

• The cause of a potentially fatal health problem. This is for the elderly, who may be
experiencing health problems.

Objective

Create a smart home aid with health monitoring system that can monitor a patient's vital signs,
including their heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen levels, temperature,
humidity, and the presence of harmful gases and particles in the air.

All important health metrics of a patient or person of interest can be monitored remotely by a
doctor or health specialist using the system.

In this case, determining a patient's health status through remote monitoring is the primary focus
of the design process. One of the greatest challenges in today's frenzied world is assisting
critically ill bedridden individuals obtain the care and medical attention they need to survive.

In the event of a medical emergency, such systems, if implemented correctly, can send timely
warnings to medical staffs and doctors and activate their service.
Thirst on Research

Currently available setups rely on sensors that are hooked directly to a computer placed next to
the bed. Sensors are used to monitor the patient's vitals, and the data is collected and transmitted
with the help of a microcontroller. The patient need frequent visits from medical professionals to
assess progress. Use of an intelligent system based on several microcontrollers has extensive
practical use in healthcare settings requiring the constant monitoring of a large number of
patients. Here, we employ the concept of wirelessly deployable network technology to
accomplish this, with the goal of assigning a unique identifier to each patient so that their
medical history and vitals may be quickly and easily accessed by their doctor. The suggested
method would allow for continuous monitoring by transmitting data wirelessly to the Patient
Monitoring System. This system's high customer satisfaction rate and cheap installation in
hospitals are due in large part to its accurate measurements and reliable alarm mechanism.

The patient can go about his normal routine without being disrupted by hooked sensors. The
implementation of physiological monitoring hardware is possible through the use of simple
interfaces of the sensors with a Microcontroller, which can then be put to good use in healthcare
monitoring. This will pave the way for the creation of inexpensive devices that use intuitive HCI
designs.

The method we've proposed here is effective at monitoring a wide range of physical
characteristics for a large number of bedridden patients and sending an alert to relevant medical
staff if any of those parameters rise above their predetermined critical values. Consequently,
wireless sensing devices usher in a new age for the field of industrial automation known as
remote monitoring and control.

It is also difficult to implement IoT-based security measures for home automation systems. This
feature can be integrated into existing health monitoring systems.

Literature Survey

By connecting an Arduino Uno with an E-health sensor shield kit and a Phidgets interface kit,
Ananda Mohan Ghosh et al [1]. have demonstrated a healthcare system for hospital management
that enables loved ones and medical professionals to keep tabs on a patient's health status
remotely over the internet. Moreover, our system also provides email and SMS alerts to an
urgent contact list, whereas theirs does not.
P. Kumar and Rajasekaran [2] have proposed a patient monitoring system run by a raspberry pi,
with sensors measuring the patient's heart rate, breathing rate, temperature, and movement, and
displaying the data on a screen using the putty programme. However, our recommended system
includes an alarm notification to ensure the patient receives their medication.
A comprehensive and efficient system for healthcare monitoring using IoT and RFID tags has
been presented by Sarfraz Fayaz Khan [3]. A microcontroller and sensors work together in this
system to monitor and assess the patient's health while also bolstering the capabilities of the
Internet of Things. In contrast, the information in this document does not include the
administration of medication or the taking of any special precautions in light of the patient's
health status, such as the regulation of medical equipment or the provision of prescribed
medicines.
Freddy Jimenez and Romina Torres [4] have been working on a system to track a patient's vitals
and notify their carers, loved ones, and others of any changes. Our effort adds the ability to
remotely manage appliances, although this is not included in the original. Instead, we focus
solely on monitoring and notifying the appropriate parties.
A method for doing so the smart hospital management system has been proposed by S. Siva et al
[5] A spark kit allows for continuous monitoring of the patients' vital signs. The patient's
temperature and heart rate are recorded, and an alarm is set off if one of those values deviates
from the normal range.
As Felipe Fernandez George C. Pallis [6] . point out, there are certain potential snags in the road
if we decide to implement an IoT-based healthcare system. In times of medical crisis, it also
provides information on the dependability of Internet of Things-based technologies.
A problem of reading and storing data on the IoT platform, as well as possible solutions, were
proposed by Boyi Xu et al [7]. The healthcare industry is no exception to the rule that most IoT-
based systems rely on the periodic reading of real-time data. Given the variety of data types and
the constant stream of new data, it becomes more challenging to make sense of the information
and organize it in a way that makes sense. Therefore, this study provides us with a means of
doing so.
Danilo F. S. [8] Santos et al. have explored how Personal Heath Devices (PHD) with internet
connectivity can be used to retrieve accurate data from sensors. This document establishes a
common framework for exchanging information between many platforms, including our smart
phones and remote storage services.
Scope of the Project
The fundamental feature of this system is the ability to track a patient's vital signs remotely in the
event of a mild to severe illness, allowing for prompt medical attention to be provided without
the patient having to leave the comfort of their own home. More widespread use of sensors to
measure health data has the potential to greatly reduce the impact of human error during data
collecting.
The proposed system would also enable the automatic control of appliances, further ensuring the
patient's comfort. It's also useful that patients may view their health information online as a
regular part of their routine, and that any necessary authorities can be contacted if there are any
issues.
Proposed Method

In the present work, our proposed solution is divided into four basic modules as follows:
 Health Monitoring and Data Collection
The sensors listed below make up Health Monitoring & data collecting module and are
responsible for gathering the patient's health data. Patients' vital signs, including heart
rate, respiration rate and blood pressure, body temperature, blood sugar, motion, and salt
levels, might be tracked using the array of sensors built into the suggested system. The
data gathered from these sensors will be transmitted to the Raspberry Pi. Raspberry Pi is
a tiny computer that runs on the Linux-based Raspbian operating system.
 Medication and Precaution according to the degree to which the patient needs
attention and Appliance control
There are two basic cases that can arise regarding a patient’s health.
i)Major Ailment - In the event of a serious medical emergency, the alarm will be
triggered so that the patient can be attended to promptly and transferred to a hospital,
where a more advanced health monitoring system can be overseen by humans. With a
serious health problem, the patient will not need the appliance's remote. In the second
scenario, however, where the patient need optimal surroundings to cater to his or her
 condition, the appliance control component will play a very crucial role. The monitoring
data can be sent to a Raspberry Pi module, which will then transmit signals to the
patient's room's appliances in accordance with a predetermined set of instructions written
in code. If the patient's heart rate is elevated, for instance, the individual may have
feelings of heat and perspiration. In this case, the fans will be set to maximum speed or
the air conditioner will be set to its most comfortable setting. On the contrary, if the
patient has a fever, he or she will feel quite cold. Afterward, we'll flip on the space heater
and turn off the fans and air conditioner. In a similar vein, the patient's environment
might be manipulated via the appliances. Alarms are set off automatically by the
monitoring system in the event of a significant illness or emergency, and users are
prompted to indicate whether or not appliance management is necessary. The energy
costs and the time spent using the appliance module would both be reduced.
Semi-Major Ailment: The necessary response or action for a moderately serious health
problem would be less drastic than that for a serious health problem. In this scenario, the
environment of the room will be adjusted in accordance with the patient's health, and the
appropriate medication, along with any necessary warnings, will be presented via the
Raspberry Pi Module. As a result, the Internet of Things-based Room control component
of the whole project is crucial for both scenarios.
As soon as the alert goes off, the patient will receive their medication in a timely manner,
which is very important for serious and moderate illnesses. In order to aid the medical
assistant or responsible party in providing better care for the patient, the Raspberry Pi
module will display the name of the medication and the necessary dose on an LCD
display.
 Database preparation from the acquired data
The patient's medical history should be recorded, as this information may be invaluable
down the road. The patient will be able to make informed decisions based on the
collected data, including whether or not they need to lose weight, to which medications
they are particularly allergic, and to which diseases they are more susceptible. In the
event of a severe health crisis, this database could also aid in the interpretation of the
patient's physical problem and its origin, resulting in a more accurate diagnosis and a
more rapid recovery. Using a cloud-based script accessible via a Raspberry Pi module
could do this.
  Sending alerts and Medical reports to the patient’s Family Members and Concerned
Doctors
Sending email and SMS alerts to the doctor, medical assistant, and care takecare of the
patient using python script is an extra feature and a major advantage of the suggested
system if any of the collected physiological parameters exceed the threshold value. The
patient's health status can be tracked online as well. They would help the doctor make a
more accurate diagnosis, and the family could provide better care at home. The individual
would be able to keep tabs on their health and make informed choices about their care.
For a population that routinely puts their health at risk by ignoring it, this is crucially
significant; as such reminders would encourage individuals to take better care of them.

Figure 1: Block Diagram of Proposed Work

Gantt chart
Conclusion

The primary goal of this project is to create an Internet of Things (IoT) based health monitoring
system that can track the user's vitals in real time. Alarm notifications can be sent to phones and
emails, and the user's location can be tracked in real time by transmitting data to a visualization
platform. While the user views a depiction of their current health data, their location is monitored
by a geolocation service. When abnormalities are detected, such as a rapid increase or decrease
in heart rate or a high or low body temperature, the alert notifications can be sent to the
appropriate people. Users can monitor their health status by accessing their health data from both
a local and cloud-based database. The sensors and system will be tested experimentally to ensure
their effectiveness.

Reference

1. Ananda Mohon Ghosh; Debashish Halder; S K Alamgir Hossain, Remote health

monitoring system through IoT, 5th International Conference on Informatics, Electronics
and Vision (ICIEV).
2. R. Kumar; M. Pallikonda Rajasekaran, An IoT based patient monitoring system using
raspberry Pi, 2016 International Conference on Computing Technologies and Intelligent
Data Engineering (ICCTIDE'16)
3. Sarfraz Fayaz Khan, Health care monitoring system in Internet of Things (IoT) by using
RFID, 2017 6th International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management
(ICITM)
4. Freddy Jimenez, Romina Torres; Building an IoT – aware healthcare monitoring system,
2015 34th International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society (SCCC).
5. S. Siva1, P. Suresh, S. Seeba Merlin and R. Punidha; A Smart heart rate sensing system
in the internet of Internet of Things, IJCTA, 9(9), 2016, pp. 3659-3663.
6. Felipe Fernandez and George C. Pallis, Opportunities and challenges of the Internet of
Things for healthcare Systems engineering perspective, International Conference on
Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare (Mobihealth), 2014, pp 263-266.
7. Boyi Xu, Li Da Xu, Hongming Cai, Cheng Xie, Jingyuan Hu and Fenglin Bu, Ubiquitous
Data Accessing Method in IoT- Based Information System for Emergency Medical
Services, IEEE Transactions on Industrial informatics, 2014, Volume:10 , Issue: 2 ,pp
1578 – 1586.
8. Danilo F. S. Santos, Angelo Perkusich and Hyggo O. Almeida, Standard based and
Distributed Health Information Sharing for mHealth IoT Systems , IEEE 16th
International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services
(Healthcom), 2014 ,pp 94-98.