Classroom Rules

•Always be on time
•Be attentive
•Raise your hand if you have
question or something to say.
•Remove your things on top of
your table/desk for you to
move freely during activities.
•Wait for my instructions
before doing anything.
Review
 Round 1
Identify each statement and
Match them with the correct
images and tell what method of
fertilizer application is being
used.
Let’s Check!
1. Broadcast method
• The fertilizer material is applied uniformly
over the entire area before planting or while
the crop is growing. Uniform distribution of
the fertilizer enables safe application of
large quantities of fertilizer without injuring
the crop. However, it may reduce fertilizer
efficiency because of fertilizer fixation or by
volatization.
2.Localized Application
• The fertilizer is applied close to
the seed or plant, either in
band adjacent to the plant
rows (side dressing) or by
plow-sole application.
 3. Foliar Application
• Plant nutrients may be applied on the
aerial part of the plant. The dissolved
nutrient must penetrate the cuticle of the
leaf or the stomata and then enter the
plant cells. This method is usually
employed only in applying
micronutrients. Marginal leaf burn could
occur with the application of high
concentrations of fertilizer.
4.Applied with the seed
• Fertilizer is broadcast
together with the seeds or
the seeds are coated with
fertilizer by means of an
adhesive such as cellofas or
gum Arabic.
 5. Fertigation
• This involves dissolving the
fertilizer materials in water
and then applying it with the
use of a sprinkler.
C O A X Y Z A B C D
E F Y E Y Z A E F G
N A E V H I J K L M
I L Z R Y A E I O U
M A Z E T Z A B C D
R B Z S I I E W A N
E A Z N B C L I O S
T N Z O U C D I B C
E G Z C O B C E T B
D Y G I R L S D I Y
Fertility - the quality of
being fertile; productiveness. UNLOCKING
"improve the soil fertility by DIFFICULTIES
adding compost"

Conserve - protect Determining - causing

(something, especially something to occur or
an environmentally or cultura be done in a particular
lly important place or thing) way; serving to decide
from harm or destruction. something.
Methods of
determining
soil fertility
 • field fertilizer trial experiment is
1. FIELD
carried out in the field. It could be
FERTILIZER
TRIALS conducted in different places
under different seasons.
 2. SOIL
ANALYSIS
•It is a rapid method of
assessing the fertilizer
needs of crops. The
principle involved is that
the amounts of available
nutrients in the soil are
directly related up to a
critical point with the
growth and yield of crop.
 2. SOIL
ANALYSIS
• Soil analysis consists of
four phases namely:
• 1. Proper collection of soil
samples
• 2. Chemical analysis
• 3. Interpretation of
analytical results
• 4. Formulation of fertilizer
recommendation
 3. PLANT TISSUE
ANALYSIS

•This is customarily
made of fresh plant
tissue in the field. It is a
quick test and is
important in the
diagnosis of the needs
of growing plants.
 3. PLANT TISSUE
ANALYSIS

• Sap from ruptured cells is tested

for assimilated N-P-K. Tests for
other elements such as Mg and
Mn are also done. The
concentration of the nutrients in
the cell sap is usually a good
indication of how well the plant
is supplied at the time of testing.
 4. NUTRIENT
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOM
• An abnormal appearance of the
growing plant may be caused by
a deficiency of one or more
nutrient elements. This visual
method of evaluating soil
fertility is unique and it requires
no expensive equipment. It can
also be used as a supplement to
other diagnostic techniques.
 LOSS OF NUTRIENTS
FROM THE SOIL

• The fertility of the soil is

not lasting. It is usually
lost through
mismanagement by
farmers who work in the
land. There are many
ways in which soil
fertility is depleted.
 LOSS OF NUTRIENT FROM THE
CROPS

• The constant removal of

soil fertility through the
crops will make the soil
poor. This is the reason
why production will
decrease year by year if
we do not fertilize our
crops.
The amount
of soil
nutrient lost
through the
crops
depends on
the kind of
crops grown.
Loss of nutrients
through surface run-off
•Rain water or excess
irrigation water which
runs off the surface of
the ground may carry not
only soil particles and the
food they contain but
also the plant food which
gets dissolved in the
running water.
LOSS OF NUTRIENTS THROUGH
LEACHING

Even if we do not plant, the

minerals in the soil may be lost by
leaching, which is when the soluble
substances go with the water that
drains down to the lower depths of
the soil beyond the reach of the
roots. This is especially true in
cases of sandy soil.
SOIL EROSION

•This is the greatest

enemy of the farmer.
Erosion is the
removal of soil from
the field through
natural forces.
Methods of conserving
soil fertility
1. PLANT TREES
•Roots of trees firmly hold on to the
soil. As trees grow tall, they also keep
rooting deeper into the soil. As their
roots spread deep into the layers of
soil, they hold it tightly, thus
preventing soil erosion. Soil under a
vegetative cover is saved from erosion
due to wind as this cover acts as a
wind break.
2. BUILD TERRACES
• Terracing is a very good method of soil
conservation. A terrace is a leveled section
of a hilly cultivated area. Owing to its
unique structure, it prevents rapid surface
runoff of water. Terracing gives the
landmass a stepped appearance, thus
slowing the washing down of soil. Dry
stonewalling is a method used to create
terraces in which stone structures are
made without using mortar for binding.
3. NO-TILL FARMING (ZERO TILLAGE)
• The process of preparing soil for plowing is
known as tilling. The process of tilling is
beneficial in mixing fertilizers in the soil,
making rows and preparing the surface for
planting. But the tilling activity could lead
to compaction of soil, loss of organic
matter, and the death of soil organisms.
No-till farming is a way to prevent the soil
from this harm.”
4. CONTOUR PLOWING
•It is a method of plowing across
the contour lines of a slope. This
method helps in slowing the water
runoff and prevents soil from
being washed away along the
slope.
5. CROP ROTATION
•It is a method of growing series
of different crops one after
another in a given area. It also
helps improve soil structure and
fertility.
6. APPLY FERTILIZERS
•This would involve applying
fertilizer only when the crop is
there (or nearly there, as when
it has just been planted or just
before that) and able to take it
up.
7. Utilize crop
residues
more
effectively
8. Utilize
manure
more
effectively.
9. WATERING THE SOIL
•Watering the soil is a good
measure of soil conservation.
Watering the soil along with
plants growing in it is a way to
prevent soil erosion caused by
wind.
10. MULCHING
• Mulch is any type of material that is
spread or laid over the surface of the soil
as a covering. It is used to retain moisture
in the soil, suppress weeds, keep the soil
cool and make the garden bed look more
attractive. Organic mulches also help
improve the soil’s fertility, as they
decompose.
 Round 1
Enumerate what is asked for!

1. Methods of Determining soil Fertility

2. Methods of Conserving soil Fertility

Write your answers on your activity

notebook
good luck!
Answers
Methods of determining soil fertility
1. FIELD FERTILIZER TRIALS
2. SOIL ANALYSIS
3. PLANT TISSUE ANALYSIS
4. NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY SYMPTOM

Methods of Conserving soil fertility

1. PLANT TREES
2. BUILD TERRACES
3. NO-TILL FARMING (ZERO TILLAGE)
4. CONTOUR PLOWING
5. CROP ROTATION
6. APPLY FERTILIZER
7. UTILIZE CROP RESIDUES MORE
EFFECTIVELY
8. UTILIZE MANURE
9. WATERING THE SOIL
10. MULCHING