+STRUCTURE REVISION

Structure 2

S + V + (not) as + adjective + as + noun / pronoun

S+V+ adjective + er + than + noun / pronoun

more + adjective

Example
1. Japanese cars are better than American cars.
-> American cars aren’t as good as Japanese cars.
2. Siemens is not as profitable as Unilever.
-> Unilever is more profitable than Siemens.

Practice
Finish the following sentences so that it is as similar in meaning as possible to the one
printed before it.
1. Janet seems more experienced than John.
-> John does not seem ………………………………………….……………………………………
2. Oranges are not usually as cheap as apples.
-> Apples are …………………………………………..……………………………………………

Structure 5

It takes / took (+ sb) + how long + to inf

Example
1. When Mary wanted a new car, she had to save up for a year.
-> It took Mary a year to save up for a new car.
2. They spend half an hour watching the news on TV everyday.
-> It takes them half an hour to watch the news on TV every day.
Practice
Finish the following sentences so that it is as similar in meaning as possible to the one
printed before it.
1. The flight to Hanoi lasts an hour and a half.

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-> It takes …………………………………………………………………………………………..…..
2. I spent three hours fixing your air-conditioner.
-> It took ………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Structure 6

Simple past tense used with AGO Present perfect used with SINCE / FOR

Example
1. He started running the company three years ago.
-> He has run the company for three years.
2. Sebastian’s career as a television presenter began five years ago.
-> Sebastian has been a television presenter for five years.
Practice
Finish the following sentences so that it is as similar in meaning as possible to the one
printed before it.
1. Tom learned to drive when he was nineteen.
-> Tom has ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. She started working as a secretary five years ago.
-> She has ………………………………………………………………………………………………

Structure 7

S + V + so + adjective + that + S + V

S + V + such + {a(n)} + adjective + count noun + that + S + V

Example
1. The office is so small that we can’t work in it.
-> It is such a small office that we can’t work in it.
2. It is such smart software that it can detect and correct any mistakes.
-> The software is so smart that it can detect and correct any mistakes.
Practice
Finish the following sentences so that it is as similar in meaning as possible to the one

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printed before it.
1. The work is so hard that she has to ask her friend for some help.
-> It is such ………………………………………………………………………………………
2. It was such a bad manual that I could not understand it.
-> The manual was so ……………………………………………………………………………

Structure 11

S + have + O + bare inf

S + have / get + O + past participle
S + get + O + to inf

Example
1. She has a lady make special clothes for her.
-> She has special clothes made for her by a lady.
2. George is getting his teacher to give him a make-up exam.
-> George is getting a make-up exam given to him by his teacher.
Practice
Finish the following sentences so that it is as similar in meaning as possible to the one
printed before it.
1. Mark got his sister to send his transcripts to the university.
-> Mark got ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Mary always has the same mechanic fix her car.
-> Mary always has ………………………….…………………………………………………………

Structure 15

Despite + noun (phrase) Although

In spite of Even though +S+V+…
Though

Example
1. We are going to have a picnic despite the bad weather.
-> We are going to have a picnic although the weather is bad.
2. In spite of her dislike for coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm.

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-> Though she disliked coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm.
Practice
Finish the following sentences so that it is as similar in meaning as possible to the one
printed before it.
1. In spite of his good salary, he was unhappy in his job.
-> Though ……………………..………………………………………………………………………..
2. Despite all of my necessary qualifications, I didn't get the job.
-> Although ………………….………………………………………………………………………….

Structure 17

S + would rather + bare inf + (than … ) S + prefer + V-ing + (to … + V-ing …)

Example
1. I would rather get my order on Friday.
-> I prefer getting my order on Friday.
2. I prefer traveling to work by bus.
-> I would rather travel to work by bus.
Practice
Finish the following sentences so that it is as similar in meaning as possible to the one
printed before it.
1. I would rather get 10% discount on my first order.
-> I prefer …………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I prefer entertaining our guests at The Rex Hotel.
-> I would rather ………………………………………………………………………………..

Structure 19

IF ……… NOT UNLESS

Example
1. If she wasn’t so bossy, she would be a quite nice manager.
-> Unless she was so bossy, she would be a quite nice manager.
2. Unless we increase the production capacity, we can’t meet customers’ requirements.

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-> If we don’t increase production, we can’t meet customers’ requirements.
Practice
Finish the following sentences so that it is as similar in meaning as possible to the one
printed before it.
1. If you don’t signal first, you shouldn’t change lanes.
-> Unless …………………………………..…………………………………………………………….
2. Unless you provide the goods immediately, I won't pay you.
-> If ……………………………………………......……………………………………………………..

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