The league of nations

The new states that appeared after WW1 were nation states, states were centered round one
nationalism, other ones felt discriminated. A lot of people in eastern Europe wanted to change
the borders.

Wilson’s 14 points

He thought that by means of diplomacy war could be avoided forever, he though of himself a
bit of a Jesus Christ.

1 Open covenants of peace, diplomacy should be open

2 Freedom of navigation

3 The removal of all economic barriers

4 Reducing national arms stockpiles

5 Germany losing all her colonies

6 Evacuation of entente forces from Russia

7 Restoration of Belgium

8 Returning of Alsace-Lorraine

9 Italian claims on the Adriatic Sea

10 Destruction of the Austrian empire

11 Redrawing the Balkan borders

12 Partition of the Ottoman Empire

13 Poland should appear again on the map and granted the Danzig corridor

14 The creation of an association of nations (league of nations)

The Treaty of Versailles

An imposition on Germany

Germany has to accept full responsibility for the war

Alsace and Lorraine back to France

Saarland for France

Partition of Prussia to create Poland

Loosing overseas possessions

Army limited to 100,000 men, limits of rifles and heavy weapons, no air force, no navy (at the
start)

Occupation and demilitarization of the Rhineland

Treaty of Saint-Germain

Atomization of Austria-Hungary

Treaty of Trianon

Hungarian part of the empire, a lot of ethnic Hungarians out the new frontiers, this created
resentment.

Treaty of Neuilly

Bulgaria

Treaty of Sèvres

Complete atomization and later colonization of turkey

The French were seeking revenge against the Germans

Armenian genocide 2: Electric boogaloo

Armenians divided between Russia and Ottoman Empires

The Russian part was more developed and almost independent during the revolution, the
ottomans thought that the Armenians were sabotaging the war effort and therefore genocide
them. Other Christian minorities were genocided.

Greco-Turkish war

The greek population is mixed with turks.

A big difference between ww1 and 2 is that in the first even though borders changed people
didn’t move, after the 2nd population moved too.

The main way to differentiate Turks and Greeks was religion. This is one of the few exceptions
to the rule, greeks and turks were moved.
League of Nations

Avoiding war by means of diplomacy

The USA didn’t enter

Germany was pariah so they didn’t allow them until 1926 and they abandoned it in 1933

Soviet Union participated for 5 years until 1939 when they invaded Finland.

New British mandates, Iraq and Palestine

France’s new mandate, Syria-Lebanon

Parts of Germany under control of the League

Italy didn’t get Istria and Dalmatia

Fiume was conquered by some Italian dudes and since nobody did anything after some years
Mussolini annexed it.

Self determination

Kant invented it, but didn’t refer to nations but individuals. This concept was used by the
second international to say that all peoples should be free. In eastern Europe a lot of
minorities lived together in different states created as buffer states against the soviet
revolution.

Self determination is asking people if they want to be their own state

Principle of nationalities is saying that X nationality should have a state.

Plebiscites

Upper Silesia

Masurians in east Prussia

Schelwig-Holstein

Wendes of Carinthia

Eupen-Malmedy (fake one)

Neumann defended that 1st and 2nd world wars were the same, according to him after the
treaties it was impossible to avoid a second world war.