Minna no Nihongo

Trung cap I

Elllt I IIIR ·Jt)i81Jl~~TAIIII

Ban djch va Giai thich Ngii' phap

01 H f'.-10\ CJ
~!J-I- *':I~'J-?
 Muc
. Luc
.

LoiNoiaau

NhU'ng Chu Thich GU'i aen Bfitn f>Qc

Cach SU' Dl}ng Hi~u Qua Giao Trinh Nay

cac Thu~t NgU' Dung Trong Giai Thich NgU' Phap

Til' Viet Tat Cua Cac Thu~t NgU' NgU' Phap

Cac Nhan V~t Xuat Hi~n Trong HQi Thofiti

Phin 1 TU' Vlfng

Bai 1 ............................................................................................................................................................. 2
Bai 2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Bai 3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 9

Bai 4 ·························································································································································· 12

Bai s .......................................................................................................................................................... 16

Bai 6 ·························································································································································· 19

Bai 7 ·········.-·······~········································································································································ 23

Bai s .......................................................................................................................................................... 26

Bai 9 ·························································································································································· 29

Bai 10 ...................................................................................................................................................... 33

Bai 11 ...................................................................................................................................................... 37

Bai 12 ...................................................................................................................................................... 42
Phin 2 Giai Thich NgU' Phap
Bai 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 46

1. ~--c~ GX.'i-ttlviP. ~'"CV'~t.:t!~t'i-ttlviP

~--c ~ G;t ~v•-c' !..- ~-) iP . ~--cv•t.:t!~t~v•-c' !..- ~-) n"

2. ~ 0) J: -) t! . ~ 0) J: -) ~~ . ~ 0) J: -) ~= ...
3. ~.: t ~±/n~/~
\'
4. ~~~tl§-J

5. ~t v•-) ~

Bai 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 51

1. (1) (2) ~t.: G, ~t.:

2. ~tv•-JO)~;;t~O).:ct.: · ~tv•-JO)~±···tv•-J .:ct.:

3 .... t "'-) ~

Bai 3 ·························································································································································· 54

1. ~ (~) -tt--c~ G.:t'i-ttlvn" · ~ (~) -tt--cv•t.:t.=~t'i-ttlvn"

~ (~) -tt--c~ GX.~v•-c'L-~ -Jn" · ~ (~) -tt--cv•t.:t.=~t~"'-c'l-~ -Jn"

2. (1) ... .: t ~=-t ~

(2) ···.: t ~= !..- '"Cv• ~

3 . (1) ... .: t ~= ~ ~

(2) ···.: t ~=~-::>'"Cv•~

4. ~--cti 1..-v• · ~~v•-c'ti 1..-v•
 (2) ~~ ~-'(--)

(3) ~--t--? ~ ~v~

Bai 4 .......................................................................................................................................................... s9

1. ... c \.t ~ -) ~ c t!.

2. ···0) . ···0) ?
3. ~ 1:> "'?-) • ~ c < . ~--c .Q
4. ~ (~)-tt-Gni5·~~ni5

5. ~-c-;:b.Q

6. ~~, ~~, .... ~\~, ~\~,

7. (1) ~ (t.::.) i,)~.Q

(2) ~ (t.::.) i.l~-::> --cv~.Q

aai s .......................................................................................................................................................... 65

1. (1) ;:b~ . --c-~

(2) --c-~

3. ~t.::.c ~0~:/-c-

4. (1) (2) ~ ( J:) -? c T i5 / L ~ v~

5. ···O)f!. 0-) 7,)'>
6. ~c0)/1:0)/~GO)/i-c-0)/~0)~
Bai 6 .......................................................................................................................................................... 11

1. (1) ···l"··· .... ~ "(···

(2) ~~-c···

2. (1) ~-:::> b VJ '±~"'

(2) ~-:::> b VJ t!.~ t::.

(3) ~t::.-:::> b VJ • ~-cv,~-:::> b VJ

3. ~-c'J:'ip VJ "'~ • ~'J:'ip VJ ~-cv'~

4. ···en"···
5. ~-c<~
6. ~-c <~ • ~-cv' <

Bai 7 ·························································································································································· 76

1. (1) ~~ <-c'±~ G ~"'/"'~J~"' · ~~ <-c b iPi b~"'

(2) ~~<-t-?/~~~-? [v'~t~v']

2. ···t!.~tt!. · [t::.t!.J ···t!.~t"Z""'"'

3. ···ip~

4. (1) ~~ lvn"···
(2) ···~/vl"···
5. (1) ~ (~) -tt"~

(2) ~ (~) -tt-Gn~ · ~~n~

6. ···~G, ···

l:•r::.~~-~.1
~-c<n

Bai s .......................................................................................................................................................... 82

1. (1) (2) ~~v,t.!., ··· · ~~v,t.!.~:, ···

2. (1) (2) ~i-e, .... ~i-e~:, ...
3. ~t::.~

4. ~~:J::~l"···

5. ~ t::. i i' ... . ~ 0) i i' ...

6. ···n" Gt!.
Bai g .......................................................................................................................................................... s6
1. .:B~'#-z"-9

2. ~'"(<bf.Pitd~lt>

3. ···~i e:~~~lt> . ···~i e:~"Z"~J:~It>

4. ~~ie:~~~J:~"'/"'~"'
5. ···t:..66 u:J, .... ···t:..66t!.
6. ~t:.. I?/~';;[', ···t:..

Bai 10 ...................................................................................................................................................... 9o

1. (1) ... ~;tf't!.

(2) · ·· ~±-rn~/ ~± ~ "'

(3) ... ~;tf't!.-:::> t:..

2 . ·· · ~ e: n~ / <b a; .:6

t:!
4. (1) ~tB-t
~e a ~~

(2) ~~f366 .:6 • ~*~:b .:6 • ~il;?t~t .:6

:1:>-t ,j; "/)>

(3) ~~n.:6 • ~t:r-J · ~~X..:6

Bai 11 ...................................................................................................................................................... 9s

1. ~'"( < .:6 • ~'"(It><

2. ~ t:.. I? [ e:~ -) J ?
3 . · · · J: lJ · · · ~ 1 -J n~ ···
4. ~; Lv•
5. ···t?Lv•
6. ~e: L-c
7. (1) ~-r U:J
(2) ~-r,
Bai 12 .................................................................................................................................................... 101

1. · · · 'b 0) / 'b Ad! "h" G

z. (1) ~ (G) n~
(2) ~ (G) n~

3. ~ t.: ~ ~ t.: IJ
4. ~.-_::di~L

s. (1) ···.B"h"~r·-c, ··· · ···.B"h"~r't.:

(2) ·· ·-ttv~ -c, ··· · ···-ttv~ t.:

l.ift . :Ji/<1
···J.;..t.:v~-c-t

\'
c·-t G"h" c ~Lz Lf, ~ ti-? t.:
~i-t/ i -tt !v J: -? ~:

cac NQi Dung Chinh aa HQc ········································································································ 1os

 t" {/) d: -) ~= nhu th€ nao
~-) [JtU:------ J i d: -) [ }j. ~ ~=------ J l:;tc [duemg]
)t\i -lt lv ~il.t ~ ti@n b6i, nguai di tru&c
i:.Q't" h~t nhu (nhu trong "X h~t nhu Y")
00 .Q \t ~ vui ve [tinh each ~]
[•t!:t%il~------ J [ -lt \t ~ t~~ <il~------ J
, lilis'(O
X:~] ~~;13~ b6 (cf. £J:*1 : m~)
1~~ ]j.f-)]j. h6
Elt~T ri) ~"i"" hu&ng d€n

ill sinh m~.ng, m~ng s6ng

;13-li-~*4~ m6n an truy@n th6ng cua nguai Nh~t trong dip
namm&i
:m~~'t" 1\IC 1~ tham vi€ng d@n ho~c chua d&u nam m&i d€
2
--
c&u mong may m~n, h~nh phuc cho ca nam
~ t::. t::.ch. chi€u Tatami (lo~i chi€u c6i tim day dung lam
san trong phong Nh~t truy@n th6ng)
~:;:{fjffi mi€ng 16t san hinh vuong dilng d€ ng6i ho~c quy
len

*
iE~
san nha
ki€u ng6i chinh th6ng cua nguai Nh~t v&i tu th€
ng6i d~t mong len hai got chan, ngvc uan
th~ng, va hai tay d~t up len dui
;j3 t ~- cui d&u (khi chao)

1'F* nha van, tac gia

------~ [{g~------ J trong khi [v~ng nha]
d&y,dong
t"lv~~= nhu th€ nao di nfra

1Li* [~] tuy~t veri, hoanh trang

xl!, khi€m khuy€t, khuy€t di€m
-----~ &' -----'"9 &' qua~

{J;Li! ~ ~=cb ~ hqp

..:cn--c- vi th~, do d6
.B;fL .Bnv~ cam an, leri cam an
~1 / r diSm mfiu ch6t

1*1~ ~v~J:: ~ n()idung

lm~l&~ ~~t~ nghe hiSu

~:ffl. 0 J: ~ ~f lv biSu hi~n
~ ~ [An~ Bn~----] iJ::~ phan van [gifra A va B]

ff~?t ~~lv phftn

-m~ Lc77-lv dan thanh ph6, thi dan

~jg n~ v~ip!v h()iquan
-m~~jg L c77-lv n~" ~ iP 1v h()i quan cong dan, trung tam sinh ho~t c()ng
d6ng ci:ta ngueri dan trong thanh ph6

1~*1EI¥1 [~] ""C'Ivt~--c~ [~] mang tinh truySn th6ng

~~~~= t-::> ~ v~~: thl,l'C t~

3
..:C ~ "~ ~ kiSu nhu th~
~t!.lv thong thuerng, binh thuerng
{PJ tip ~lvtiP b~ng each nay hay each khac, mQi each, kiSu gi

thi cling
1/r;f---:,;s/ ngfr di~u
*~~A
~::r:'ili: L J: ~ 7)~ <~ lv hQc bflng
;Jt}!;t}( -Tv~-l±" lv t J: ~ thu ti~n cu
.:.?IJ~?

:>t~1E ~~~~~ giao luu (cf. 5t VfE J \ - 7 1 - : ti~c giao luu)

R]~ LiPv~ ngueri dftn chuang trinh (t~i m()t bufli hQp hay
m()t S\f ki~n xa h()i)
§J:: ¥J~:Z. ngueri tren, ngueri 6 vai tren

wr~ ~t;b~ ill ch6i

51 ~~~t ~ 0~ ~ ~t~ nh~n

~p~ v~lvLJ:~ fin tm;mg

1-:r...Y7T~ kiSm tra
[.BJ 1± i v~ [.BJ Tiv~ nai 6
 t:.t:.u g~p

£tl.Q iP~ ;fd..Q chbng len

ifffi:*D "~ t:. ~J D dan t~m g6 (san, td.n, v. v.)

~JE '"tcbL chan khong, chan tdn

1tv~?t~t .Q --:JiPv~b~t ~ thay d6i, chQn dung cho tung mvc dich, dc3i
tuQllg khac nhau
J:~ uu diSm, diSm t6t
J:l7-c.Q dQc hiSu
D.t2:-?L-? du khach, khach du lich
----L-? ngueri~

.b b-::>Cb nh~t

~F'M"~: 0 t .t ") ~= r~t

.:cn~:t t" d~n nhu v~y, duang ~Y

1t*'"t.Q t.= "~ o .t -? '"9 .Q tieu biSu, d:;ti di~n

~1* -1! lv t:. "~ toan b<)

4
IX< L< 16t (chi~u Tatami), trai (chan d~m, tham san)
t:> .t -? t" y nhu (nhu trong 'X y nhu Y')
1PJtt b nhi~u t~m (cac v~t mong)
--:J~t.Q d~t [ten]
[~ fJj ~----- J

~it~ t ~;f tir thuftn gc3c Nh~t

lhiPT dich chuySn
*Jl ]j. ~ ;b -lt .Q k~thqp
1:J.Fa, phong khach
@-Fa, phong sinh ho:;tt chung, phong khach
f±$!~~ phong lam vi~c
TJ7 fO'lll

1 ~f-1T c6i
!Pfg&'"t.Q ~~~")'"t.Q ho h~p, tha
~ill!~ L0 ~t ho'i Am, d<) Am
!Ut.Q [~ill!~~----- J t .Q [ L 0 ~t ~----- J hut [hai Am]
·I:R:Jr-M [ ~ J iP "~ --c ~ [~ J sang khmli
ifi~ [~] -ltv) ~t0 [~] s~ch se

*)( ~i/v~/v bai van chinh

-p}!'"( v ),.::) ::. t!. '"( nha nguyen can, nha rieng
1}·~1:: L J: -) iJ{ <-ltv) hQc sinh ti~u hQc

B11t1::115 ~: i:> t J: -) "ltv)ii~-:J cu9c s6ng thuemg nh~t

Xin I8i, anh/ chi c6 th~ giup t6i ~ duqc khong?

Anh/ chi c6 g~ng mQi each giup cho toi duqc

khong?
! -·~~~·i~·~~~-~~:·-• ~ '.: :·~ ~ 'A~''. •]\ '., "?",",! 0 •o , ! ~.:.·,- 1'\." •:o~."o•:·.·.:".:,~~:":;:o;o\,"~.~:·",o•.:;·,} ..:~·~
· The hi¥n tang' tn,~c &u•b:tet yea :eau cua b~n: la khOnig ·]),qp ly llilj_upg ;b~l! VlilJJ-:
0 •• •• •'' •

thve ~;vmudnn6duqe~!J:~E-~!1l; . ······'"·'-'····-····· . . .....• :•.• ,'

NSu anh/ chi cam thfiy nha toi 6n thi xin moi
~< t:.
.131~ ~: .ll. --r --r J:: ii~ 'C) t.: 1:-t o Th~t t6t khi da c6 th~ giup duqc anh/ chi .
.J;f
.:BtJ'itJ~ ~ L i "to Chung toi xin nh~n.
5

tr'=dJ'.;s..1±.Q ~

*f J::$tM Haruki Murakami: Nha van, dich gia .. 1949-.

tl?
r/ Jv? .::r:.1 O)~JI RUng Na Uy: m9t trong nhfrng ti~u thuySt n6i tiSng cua Haruki Murakami

da duqc dich ra nhieu thu tiSng.

Nam Thai Binh Duong

Vuong qu6c Tonga

Bao bap: m9t lo~i cay c6 ngu6n g6c achau Phi.

7 -Y' 7l:A 7J Jv Madagascar
?'?'~{! Tatamise(e): M9t tir tiSng Phap chi ngueri thong hiSu I6i s6ng va van h6a

Nh~tBan.
 Bail

1. "WT~ 6a~it~1J\ • "WT~ \ftft£t~it~1J\

"W T ~ 6 x~~ '-c: (.; ct? 1J\ • "W T~ 'f.:tt£t~~ '-c: (.; ct? 1J\
& 6 a~ it /a,fJ\ / L't::.tt. 't ~it /a,fJ\
v the "t' + { & 6i.tlL \"(:!I, & ?fJ\ /L \f::.tt.,ttlL \"(:!I, & ?fJ\

I-- "'C 'b G ;t i -lt lv iP · -- "'C "' t::. t!. ~t i -lt lv iJ.,. J duqc dung khi lich sv nher ngueri nghe
lam giup di€u gi d6.

Anhl chi c6 th€ lam on cho toi muqn cay but m()t chut duqc khong?
>!" "'?il' iJ>t::. sL
@ ~ ~~~O){tv'n~fk;t "'Cv't::.t!.~ti-tt-lviJ.,.o

Anh/ chi c6 th€ lam on chi cho t6i each sir d\lng may photocopy duqc khong?
lrn&~ijji:Dcliitt:l 1-- "t" "' t::. t!. ~ti-lt lviJ.,. (each n6i nher va lich sv) J :

1-- "t" 'b G ;t ~ "' -e L J: -) iJ.,. · -- "t" "' t::. t!. ~t ~ "' -e L J: -) iJ.,.J la each n6i t~o ~n tuqng
46
m€m m~i, lich sv hon each n6i I--"'( b G X. i -lt lv iJ.,. · -- "'( "' t::. t!. ~t i -lt lv iJ.,. J.
~ ~ T~ Lf
® T l7. i -lt lv-. -T c., 'b iJ~$1l"'C "' .Q O)"t"-. 'b -) & LDiJ.,.~: L "t" 'b G ;t ~ v''Z" L J: -) iJ.,.o

Xin 16i, chau nha t6i dang ngu nen anh/ chi lam on yen l~ng hon m()t chut c6 duqc
khong ~?
t? :bit ~ il!>fiJ>
@ $ L~~-~"v~ i -lt lviJ~, -T c., b ~ tJi 0 "'Cv't::.t!.~t~v''Z" L J: -) iJ.,.o

Xin 16i, anh/ chi c6 th€ trong chau giup toi duqc khong ~?

2. I "Wq)J:?t.: • "Wq)J:?~"W · "Wq)J:?,:· .. (tf d\1, du'a vi d\1 minh hQa)l

ct?tt.
N a)+ ct?tl N
{
ct?': V /L' A /tl A
IN1 '± N2 0) J: -) t!.J duqc dung trong truerng hqp vi d~c trung cua m()t danh tU (N1) v6i
m()t danh tU khac (N2) (tY d\1).
CD cb 0) m~ '± T
(JIJ;? t>A-

~~t
* )V 0) J: -) t!. 0 B~nh vi~n d6 gi6ng nhu khach s~n.
@ ~ O):Jo?~'± :J ::1.. ~.A 0) J:-) t!.o RUQ'U nay nhu nu6c hoa qua.
 Cling co the dung hinh thuc IN2 (]) J: ") ~ Nd khi noi b6 ngft cho danh ill.

®
t::. t.tn'
*
ffi q:, ~ lv ~ ± 7 Jv (]) J: ") ~
rY.t? ,,;,
m~ ~: A ~ L 't" "'\ ib
!:19l? ,,;,
a

Anh Tanaka dang n~m di€u tri 6 m<)t b~nh vi~n gi6ng nhu khach s~m.
~~t (})
@) bt-:: L~± ~ .::z. ~A(]) J: ") ~ .toi~ LiP~ 1 ~v'\o

Toi chi u6ng lo(;li ruqu nhu nu6c hoa qua.

Ngoai ra, cling co the dung hinh thuc IN1 ~± N2 (]) J: ") ~=J tru6c d<)ng ill ho~c tinh ill.
t::. t.tn' !:19l? ,,;, rY.t? ,,;,
® ffi q:, ~ /vn{ A~ L 't" v'\ ib m~~± * 7 Jv(J) J: ") ~: ~ flv'\ t.=a
B~nh vi~n rna anh Tanaka dang n~m di€u tri d~p nhu khach s~m.
~n ~*
@ ~ (J);J3i~~± ~ .::z. ~A(]) J: ") ~:ttv'\o Ruqu nay vi ngQt nhu nu6c hoa qua.

Cling dung hinh thuc IN2 (}) J: ") ~ NrJ khi dua N2 ra lam vi dv de di6n dl;lt d~c trung cua

N1 (dua vi d1,1 minh hoa).

s-:o 1:: n'A-t::.A- I? .1:? I? -:J<
(j) *: ~± . iJ v~(J)J: ") ~AA!li~ t-fm!Ln~{'FtL1-lf"lvo
Ch6ng toi chi co the nfru duqc mon don gian nhu mon ca ri.
iJl\'i?\' :::: 7Jlt,:::.< [;A, tJ'i'iJ'
® 17 ~J (]) J: ") ~j}*~-8-~± . j}00)d: ~± c 't" b • L v'\o
Nhfrng ill ngo(;li lai nhu "7 ~" r&t kho d6i v6i nguai nu6c ngoai noi ti€ng Nh~t.
ITham chi~ul I··· J: ") t.= (phan doan ill tinh hu6ng) J :
01:: ss-lft'~-:J 47
An{::k~~ 1-:::> 't"v'\ 1 Ttlo

a. I~~t:£i/fl'/~ I
v the nguyen d~ng + C:l:: + ':/fJ'/'i
Dung I~ ~ c J de chuyen m<)t d<)ng tlr thanh danh tlr.
s
CD !i!A !f. <~ ~ ib ~ c ~± ~"* ~= "'\ "'\
~HI:{' ItA-:.?
D~y s6m bu6i sang t6t cho sue khoe. 0

t::. t.tn' sc· -t

@ ffi q:, ~ lv ~±Rm ib ~ c Jj{~f ~ 1:'T o Anh Tanaka thich khieu vil.
$-?l.t? ~ ~

® ~ Jm T ib ~ c ~ § 1§' L 't"v'\ 1 To Toi dang huang den chi€n th~ng.

ITham chieul IV the nguyen d(;lng + ~ c 7){1:' ~ 1 T / ~ c 1:'T J :
0
:b t-:: L ~± ~ 7 / ~~!I! < ~ c 7J{1:' ~ 1 i" a
ll9l 1J. x\' iJl 1J.
bt-:: L(J)Jt!f3~~±~@~ J!ib ~ C 1:'To (" Wc77-!v~0)8*~1t*JJ~ U BailS)
 ~ \

Nt ~ N2l::ii?

DUQ'C dung d6 n6i each gQi ten (N2) cua mQt v~t ho~c m9t sv ki~n.
\'iO iJ~"'? "'?\'t~"!'> iJ~Ic t-? ,,
CD 1 Ji 1 B ~5GB t §v~i-to

Ngay m6ng 1 thang 1 gQi la "Ganjitsu" (Ngay d~u nam m6i).

L J: '? iJ~--:; t lc t ~ -c t:, t' It-?{, '? t'
® lE Jj ~:1$1±-? .13~ ~:fj <~ t ~ *)]~~1: t § -? 0

Vi~c di 1€ ad€n ther ho~c chua vao dip nam m6i gQi la "Hatsumode".

5. I ~l::L\?~ I
Nt l::C, '? N2

Cach n6i duQ'c dung khi d~n ra trong h9i tho~i ho~c diu van ten (ho~c tieu d€) cua m9t sv
v~t ho~c m9t nhan v~t (Nt) rna c6 th6 ngueri nghe khong bi6t ro. Nt la danh tU rieng nhu

ten ngueri, v.v., trong khi d6 N2 Ia danh tU chung.

t:f.--:; I1J "C'?1Hi LJ:'J-1±--:; iJ> L
CD !!§~:;fitv~-? ;J'~*~~O-:>-cv~iTiPo

Anh/ chi c6 bi6t nha van ten la N atsume Soseki khong?

>!" (}) "j X.,, iJ~ h-
® a'F B .. I _A :$' ~ • ry :t ~ 7:' J t v~ -? ~ 00 ~ J! i Lt.: o
48
Hom qua, toi da xem phim c6 tieu d€ "Star Wars".

s .I"'?/ ~:::c:/.00/t~n/ t:·~t.!,:~-c& I

v the -c
c,' A -t=\ - <"t'
+~
tl. A }
+~
N

Cach n6i nay bi6u thi r&ng du trong bfit ky hoan dtnh nao thi di€u d6 v~n xay ra. Dung 1-c
t:t.!:
'bJsaucacmlv~-:JJ lt'>~J 11PJJ lt!nJ lt'>lv~~:J,v.v.
-i±iJ'L'tl9>'? il''f< t>-t
CD i:ftW. rJl t'> ~ ~: v~ -c ~ *n~O) ~ t ~ ~n i-tt- lvo

Du a dau tren th6 gi6i di nfra thi tOi cling khong quen gia dinh minh.
t:t.lc c: >!" st:t. sL
® {ilJOCjjfj l.t~ -c ~ 1PJ 1.: ~ c L ip~;Z_ -c <n~ l.t~o
Du toi c6 hoi bao nhieu l~n di nfra thi hQ cling chi tra leri m9t cau gi6ng nhau.

Du ai c6 n6i gi di nfra thi tOi cling khong thay d6i suy nghl cua minh.
 Du c6 d~t th€ nao di nfra thi toi cling mu6n mua.
Truemg hc;rp la danh rn thi se la I t., 1v ~ N --c- b J I t., (J) N --c- b J I t., lv ~ ~=----- N --c- b J.
(}!:: ~~ ;:.;:.,:, f,
® t.,lv~A "'C'b~ Lv) ·G-- ~~"::) 't"v).Q ~ift_:o
Toi tin r~ng bfit cu ai cling d€u c6 tnli tim nhan h~u.
L J: "'r!J!-:> t; lv t; ~ (} !::
® iE Ji ~= ~ .Q t, (:.,(J)f$f±"'C' b AiO~v) -J ~fv) t_:o
Cu d€n t€t thi bfit cu d€n tha nao cling dong.
[.; J: -J J; l;r.iJI -:>iJ> ;:_ p
0 t .. 1v ~ ~= J: ~~iO~~flv--c- t ~ < 1t.:t ~;f-. :tin --c L 1 ~ 2: t <b a; .Q o
C~p nao cho du c6 b€n d€n dau thi dung lau cling se hong.
iJ>JviJI
1Thamchi8ul 1-----'t"b (di€uki~ngiadinhnguqc)J: v)< G ~X. 't"b, biO~IJ 11!-lvo
c- rJ7.1v~O) a *~.:fJJil& u Bai 2s)

li-r · li< I
I~ ~,;•~< "t" ~ ~I
Dung each n6i INI t-'? ~ <'"(' N2J d6 phu dinh Nl va dua ra N2 thay th€.
t::.
CD 2:tL~i~/l:-?~<--c, 1-s::Jv~r"'C'To 'lt"'-GtliTlo
49
Day khong phai Ia cay but rna la so co la. C6 th6 an dUQ'C dfiy.
~ J: -5 !:: -c t:, li-
@ J?: t~"'C' ~j:;}3~ ~ J! i L ~ ~ iO~o

Chung ta di tham quan cac chua aKyoto nhe?

Toi mu6n di d€n nhfrng nai nh<)n nhip rna gi6i tre hay di chu khong phai la chua.

l&t:·i<l
l•u(/)ft. • u•(/)"'c:'i~~ \I
v } the thong thu'ang
(,\A

«A } the thong thu'ang

N -te- «
I··· (J) "'C'T J duqc sir d1.1ng nhu du6i day, khi bi6u thi phan doan dga tren k€t qua phat sinh
tLr m<)t li do nao d6, ho~c dva tren m()t can cu nao d6.
 t.; 0 .::. 'i ~ 0) l''C
CD 3 a;r0)~11"~~=* t:J ~ ~ttt~;f~ IJ i -tt"lvo -ttL -e ~ :bt-: L ~if@v)"t"v) ~ O)"t"T o
Toi phai di chuySn bay h!c 3 gia. Vi v~y, toi dang v()i.
(lido/ din cu) (t!.iP t:J/ :e-n -e) (kst qua/ phan doan)
i.P:h (: (!A- I) 19J 'ji.Jl( (: (!A- :::- X.fo'f! J: 'j

@ 1l~iB::!iq: {g ~LiTo -ftt"t"B*~ft~® ~.i L'"Cv)~O)"t"To

Anh fty se di du h9c a Nh~t Ban. Vi v~y, anh fty dang hQc tiSng Nh~t
I···O)"t"~i~v)J duqc dung d€ phu dinh tfit ca trir phfin cu6i cau. Vi d\l, a vi d\l ® phfin
OciJ
I-A -e J hi phu dinh.
0 c I) i.l'
® ~ 0) v ~- r ~i- A "t"i!fv)f-:O)"t"~icb IJ i -tt"lvo
Toi da khong viSt bao cao nay m9t minh.
0 c I) i.l'
cf X~ 0) v ~- r ~i- A "t"i!r ~ i -tt"/v"t" Lt-:o

t:J. A- t.; J: -t 'i L (:A- i.l' l' t c'

Cach n6i 11PJ + llJJ~~P] (A~ lm~ tt· ··) + <b J bi€u thi s6luQ'llg nhiSu.
t X. t:J.A-t!l' c
CD 7:,.; Y' a :,.; O)"JW ~=r' r n -7J~1PJa <t 11:1 0 --c ") 1 -to
d tru&c khu chung cu co rfit nhiSu xe canh sat dang d6.

50
 Bai2

1. <1 > <2> I "'t-::6 .. "'t-= I

V t::. G.. {V • A} t::.
( 1) Mfiu IX t::. G" Y t::. J bi~u thi r&ng Y la k~t qua cua hanh d(>ng X.
<Tl? 0) (f/v >!- ,2
CD ~ ~ iklv t!. G" j{;~ ~= ~ lJ i L t::. o Sau khi u6ng thu6c, toi thfty khoe han.
n' "' -Y> aon'
® ~-~~~~~~G . $~~~~<~~~0

Sau khi tOi thay rem ctra, din phong tn1 nen sang han.
(2) Mfiu cau nay cfing bi€u thi y nghia Y duqc phat hi~n nhu la k~t qua cua hanh d(>ng X.
~~ ~~ ~=
® ~n::1i~ t::. G-. 311iiJ{v~~iP~ t::.o
Khi v~ d~n nha, toi da phat hi~n con meo khong a d6.
Jb ~ ,, .b
G) iJ~~;f'lv~mHtt::. G-. M$iJ{~ < ~~ -cv~t::.o
Khi rna c~p ra, toi phat hi~n cai vi da bi mftt.
~A,"'~ .b-'5 ~ (t 0)

® 50 ~ 1W 0) it v~ ;f3 i~ ~ ik lv --c- JJ.. t::. G " ;f3 v~ L iJ~ ~ t::. o

Khi u6ng thu lo~i ruqu c6 tir 50 nam tru&c, toi th~y n6 r~t ngon.
51
Mfiu IX t " Y t::. J cfing c6 th~ bi~u thi y nghia nhu a (1) (2) .
<Tl? 0) (f/v >!-
@ ~ ~ ik u t " j{;~ ~= ~ lJ i L t::. o Sau khi u6ng thu6c, tOi thfty khoe han.

(j) *
,,~ n'~

~=1w ~
~=

t" 11liiJ{v~ ~ iJ~ ~ t::.o

Khi v~ d~n nha, tOi da phat hi~n con meo khong ad6.
~~ '?~=~

ITham chieul I~ t::. G (gia dinh) J : ;f3 ~iJ{ cb ~ t::. G" :1*11" LiTo
t l'
l~t::.G (hm1nthanh)J: 10a~~=~~t::.G-. l:BiJ~~ti LJ: -?o
clf'F rll-lvfd:'O)B*~*JJii&I.I Bai25)

N ~C,\?O)'i { N 0) } + ~~ft.
cau (the thong thu'ong) ~ c, \?

IX tv~-? 0) ~J:~O) ~ t t!.J va IX tv~-? 0) ~i··· tv~-? ~ t t!.J la nhfrng mfiu cau duqc
sl:r dl;Lng khi giai thich y nghia cua m(>t tir (X).
>!-t~t.t >!- 't"' l :-:c.
CD 3K tv~-? 0) ~i 115 v~.. ~ --:J v~ .. fe:~~~fr*O) ~ t t!.o
"3K" c6 nghia la m(>t cong vi~c bfin thiu, v~t va, va nguy hi~m.
® PC tv~-? 0) tJ:;'\ '/ :1 ~ 0) ~ t ""C'T o "PC" c6 nghia 1:\ "may tinh ca nhan".