UNIT 1 - LESSON 1

ANCIENT PERIOD
The rise of ancient civilization paved the way for advances in science and technology. These advances during the
ancient period allowed civilizations to flourish by looking for better ways to communicate, transport, self-organize, and
enhance their way of life, in general.

The Ancient Times were divided into three periods:

1. Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic)
2. Bronze Age
3. Iron Age

Some Technologies or Inventions from the Ancient Period include:

 Sumerian wheel (Potter’s Wheel)- invented by Sumerian and the purpose of transportation
 Cuneiform was the first writing system developed by Sumerians. They carved pictures and triangular symbols on
a clay using wedge to keep records of their activities.
 Papyrus (made from a pith of cyperus papyrus plant) – invented by Egyptian. It is lightweight, durable and
portable material similar to thick paper. The used of papyrus is communication and record-keeping.
 Shadoof – invented by Egyptian, it is a manual device used for lifting water. This invention initiated the concept
of lifting things by the use of counterweights.
In ancient period; armors, weapons, treatments for wounds and diseases was invented for protection, survival and life
conservation. In addition, mathematical calculations such as angles, rectangles, triangles, volume of the portion of
pyramid were also introduced.
Euclid- the founder of modern geometry.
Archimedes – the founder of engineering, mechanics and the one who calculated the value of pi, are only some of the
philosophers who raised on this period.

MIDDLE AGES (DARK AGES)

Dark Ages was coined by a Renaissance scholar Petrarch who believed that ancient Greece and Rome were the
pinnacle of human success and regarded the succeeding period as chaotic. Thus, no scientific advancement and no art
were produced. In contradict, this period, medieval universities-built facilities to support the scientific communities.

Some Technologies or Inventions from the Middle Ages/ Period include:

 Gutenberg printing press – invented by Johannes Gutenberg developed a printing press to convert handwritten
text into printed books
 Heavy Plough – invented by the European helped them not only in the cultivation of their fertile land but it also
turned their agriculture and economy to prosper rapidly.
 Spinning wheel – is a device that converts fiber into thread or yarn and then woven into cloth. It was introduced
to Europe in 13th century AD. There were historians who claimed that spinning wheel was started in India in
500-1000 AD.
Leonardo da Vinci - one of the prominent people in the middle ages. He was coined as the epitome of the humanist ideal.
A great painter, draftsman, sculptor, architect, engineer and had interest in science in which he stressed the importance of
experiment.

MODERN AGES
This increase in human population stirred people of Modern Ages to find ways on how to enhance food
production, transportation and communication. Thus, these enhancements paved way for industrialization to take place.
People demanded for a better way of living which was dealt with scientific and technological processes. However,
the said move was accompanied by challenges due to massive industrialization. Human health, food safety and
environment were of great concerns.

Some Technologies or Inventions from the Middle Ages/ Period include:

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  The Compound Microscope - was invented by Zacharias Janssen by putting together several lenses on a tube.
This invention sparked the idea that when an object is placed near the end of the tube, it can be magnified 3 times
its original size when closed and up to 10 times when extended to the maximum.
 Galileo was also coined in the invention of liquid thermometer and microscope. Galileo was the first one who
used telescope out of spyglasses, to observe the sky that led to the discovery of craters and mountains on the
moon.
Isaac Newton - is known to be the most influential scientist of all time. He is a mathematician who founded calculus; a
physicist who defined the law of gravity; light; color; and planetary motion; an astronomer; and a theologian. He defined
the law of gravity, light color, planetary motion
Albert Einstein - The most famous physicist in the 20th century. Theory of Relativity, Quantum Theory, nuclear power,
atomic bomb, and the famous equation (E-mc2).

Science and Technology in the Philippines

Science and Technology in the Philippines has its own history. Our country had its own indigenous technology
long before it was colonized by different conquerors. Ancient Filipinos used technology in agriculture, handicrafts,
pottery, weaving, metal wares and boats. They are also aware of different herbal medicines that they used for curing
diseases.

Let us find out more of the Filipino inventions on the succeeding page:
1. Alibata - was a term coined by Paul Rodriguez Verzosa in 1914.
2. Method of Counting Weights and Measures
3. Medical Incubator - Dr. Fe del Mundo was the one who invented the first incubator. It is a device used to
maintain the environmental conditions of babies born premature.
4. Erythromycin - Dr. Abelardo Aguilar discovered erythromycin using the bacteria Saccharopolyspora erythraea
extracted from the soil of his backyard.
5. Jeepney - Leonardo S. Sarao was the first one who manufactured the most iconic and popular mode of
transportation in the Philippines, the “Jeepney”.
6. Video Phone – Gregorio Y. Zara was a famous Engineer and Physicist. He was the one who invented and
patented the first Video phone – a photo phone signal separator.

Interconnection of Science, Technology and Society

Science comes from the Latin word Scientia which means knowledge. It refers to the systematic study of the
nature and behavior of the universe through observation, experimentation and measurement (Collinsdictionary.com).
Science explains how material and physical things in the universe work.
Technology pertains to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. It is used to create useful
tools to solve real-world problems and make people’s lives easier (yourdictionary.com).
Society is a group of organized people living together, making decisions about how to do things and share works
that need to be done (Cambridge dictionary).

UNIT 1 - LESSON 2
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION
 refers to a period where a major change in concepts, ideas or practices of how something works took place. It is
where the widely accepted scientific beliefs were being challenged, opposed and altered.

Consequently, the advancements brought by science and technology during intellectual revolution period changed
our society’s beliefs and perceptions about the universe. Let us now take a look at the most important intellectual
revolutions that renewed, enlightened and helped us better understand how the universe behaves and functions.

THE COPERNICAN REVOLUTION

 In the ancient century, people believed that Earth was the center of the universe. A clear and most exemplary
explanation of this belief was proposed by a mathematician astronomer, Claudius Ptolemy, and was known as the
Geocentric Model or Ptolemic Model.

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 Geocentric model asserted that planets, sun and moon rotate around the immovable Earth. This concept was
explained using the idea that objects fall toward the center of the Earth, that if the Earth is moving, you cannot see an
object thrown vertically upward to fall back at the same place. Ptolemy was successful in demonstrating his theory leaving
no objections especially on the part of the church because it placed humanity as the center of the universe; as a result,
Geocentric Model was widely accepted by the people during that time.

 However, in the 16th century, the concept of geocentric model was challenged by a Polish mathematician and
astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus who proposed that the sun is the one immovable at the center of the universe.
Thus, Earth, other planets and moon rotate around it.

Consequently, geocentric model was superseded by Copernicus model known as heliocentric model. Determined
to prove his observations, Copernicus calculated the planetary positions in which he found out that there is a direct
relationship between the orbits of the planets and their distances from sun. He even asserted that planets orbited the sun in
a perfect circle. Although, there were evidences, Copernicus’s heliocentric model faced controversies and was rejected at
first by the people because it opposed the teachings of the church.

Copernicus’s heliocentric model was eventually accepted when astronomers such as Galileo profoundly realized
that he simplified the concept of planetary orbits and answered issues that geocentric model could not be explained. Thus,
the acceptance of heliocentric model marked the transformation of people’s understanding of the motion of the universe as
well as how astronomers observe heavenly bodies. As a result, Copernicus was coined as the initiator of the scientific
revolution.

THE DARWINIAN REVOLUTION

 Another intellectual revolution stirred in the 19th century, when an English naturalist, geologist and biologist,
Charles Darwin introduced his theory of Evolution.

 Darwin’s theory of Evolution of Natural Selection - refers to a biological process wherein all species of
organisms originate, develop, inherit and adapt traits that enhanced the individual’s capacity to compete, survive
and reproduce.

 Darwin’s theory was considered as one of the most controversial breakthroughs in scientific revolution because it
contradicts the people’s belief that the functional characteristics/nature of organisms was a manifestation of God.
In addition, Darwin’s theory of evolution changed how people viewed biology and leaves fundamental impacts on
modern science, religion and other aspects of society.

THE FREUDIAN REVOLUTION

 Another personality who made an impact on society’s thought was Sigmund Freud- an Austrian neurologist,
known to be the father of Psychoanalysis who creates new techniques in understanding human behavior and
personalities.

 Psychoanalytic Theory – a scientific way of understanding the inner and unconscious conflicts rooted within
individual’s personality based from their free associations, dreams and fantasies.

 Similar to the theory proposed by Copernicus and Darwin, Psychoanalytic theory also faced rejections and
controversies. People claimed that the said theory lacks scientific evidences. However, Freud determination
resulted in dominating psychotherapeutic practice in treating psychological disorders.

THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION

 The information revolution is also called as “computer age”. This period has brought so much change on how we
live because of the widespread use of technology.

These are only some of the intellectual/scientific revolutions that transformed society’s belief and perceptions of
how the universe functions. The advancements or changes brought by these individuals through observations and
experimentations were proofs on how the society is defined by science and technology and vice-versa.
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UNIT III: LESSON 3
Science and Technology and Nation Building
Advancements in different inventions and discoveries took place. These advancements do not just mean modern living
but it also determines the socio-economic status of a country. Thus, the more advance science and technology in a
country, the higher its socio-economic status will be.
• Science and technology are the main factors to country’s development. Economic advances and improvements
in health care systems, education and infrastructure are all dependent on the scientific and technological
revolutions.
THE ROLE OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (NEDA)
 The NEDA is the country’s premier social and economic development planning and policy coordinating body
primarily responsible for formulating continuing, coordinated and fully integrated social and economic policies,
plans and programs.

IMPACTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ON SOCIETY

1. Helps us save time and energy by giving us tools or devices that can make our lives easier, simpler and comfortable.
Examples of these devices are: vacuum cleaner, washing machine, microwave, rice cooker, electric fans, air conditioning
unit, television set and computer unit.
2. Helps us to easily get the information we need all over the world by the use of world wide web. World Wide Web does
not only help us get the information we want but also to organize it and retrieve it whenever we want to.
3. Improved our transportation that enable us to move from one place to another in a faster way. Also, science and
technology offered us different choices on how we would like to travel by creating different types of vehicles that we can
use either by land, air or water.
4. Improved our ways of communication through the use of various electronic media such as: internet; televisions; radios;
computers; and smartphones.
TAKE NOTE
The fundamental role of science and technology on the society is to improve people’s lives by making it easier and better
with the advancement in medicine, significant change in education, communication, agriculture, industries and businesses.
Role of Science and Technology in Nation Building
 Countries around the world are classified as developed and developing countries (Prieto, Vega, Felipe &
Meneses, 2019). The said classification is based on the country’s economy (output or products) and the
implementation of science and technology in improving health care and education. It is a well- known fact that
countries who developed faster are the ones with a strong foundation and well implemented science and
technology which means that they are the countries that invest more on science and technology to create
tools or devices that will uplift their countries economic status. Developed countries are known to be highly
industrialized, examples are: Japan; Sweden and France (Investopedia, 2019).

 Developing countries are countries who put little emphasis and importance on the development of science
and technology. Developing countries have poor developmental plan and policies specifically in health care
and education. Examples of developing countries are: Nigeria; Mexico; and Philippines (Investopedia, 2019).

 As what we have discussed, progress in science and technology benefits the society. Thus, socio-economic status
of a country is dependent on the advancements of science and technology it has.

Developing countries should focus the following:

• Generation of new knowledge

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 • Focus on tasks that are nationally and globally important and competitive areas of research that are multi-
disciplinary in nature.

• Procedure research that are goal and result oriented, tangible and significant.

• Encourage scientists and technologists to be committed in developing significant knowledge which are scientific
and technologically based that are of economic importance to the nation. (Prieto, Vega, Felipe & Meneses, 2019)

THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Currently, advancements in science and technology are very evident. The use of fiber optics to speed up the
transmission of data and nano-technology to transform businesses and industries to boost the economy are only
some of the evidences.
With the continuous advancements in science and technology specifically in the aspects of economy, medicine
and education, poor people in the developing country can experience improved and better lives.

Developing Countries should invest the following:

• Quality of Education
• Continuous improvement on the skills of the workforce by giving appropriate trainings, seminars, and workshops;
and
• Ensuring the discovered information or knowledge are widely communicated or shared within and across the
society.
Philippine Policies and Laws Pertaining to Science and technology
For the Philippines, below and the succeeding slides are the policies and laws enacted by the Congress from 1958 to
present.
1. R.A. 2067 also known as Science Act of 1958. An Act to Integrate, Coordinate and Intensity Scientific and
Technological Research and Development and to Foster Invention to Provide Funds therefore and for other Purposes.
2. R.A 3589. An Act Amending R. A. 2027 Modifying the National Science Development Board, National Institute of
Science and Technology and the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission, Extending Tax Exemption, Privileges and
Grants, Request and Donations for Scientific Purposes to Private Educational Institutions and for other Purposes enacted
June 22, 1963.
3. R. A. 5207 known as the "Atomic Energy Regulatory and Liability Act of 1968."An Act Providing for the
Licensing and Regulation of Atomic Energy Facilities and Materials, establishing the Rules of Liability for Nuclear
Damage and for other Purposes. This act was approved June 15, 1968 to encourage, promote assist the development and
use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes as a means to improve the health and prosperity of the inhabitant of the
Philippines and to contribute and accelerate scientific, technological, agricultural, commercial and industrial progress.
4. Presidential Decree No. 78, series of 1972 established the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration (PAGASA). Its main function is to provide environmental protection and to utilize scientific
knowledge to ensure the safety of the people.
5. Presidential Decree No. 334, series of 1973 created the Philippine National Oil Company to promote industrial and
economic development through effective and efficient use of energy resources.
6. Executive Order 128 known as the Reorganization Act of the National Science and Technology Authority
(NSTA). Thus, NSTA was replaced by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). DOST is the premiere
science and technology body in the country charged with the twin mandate of providing central direction, leadership and
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coordination of all scientific and technological activities, and of formulating policies, programs and projects to support
national development.
7. R. A. 8749 known as the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 and was enacted by the Congress on June 23, 1999. Clean
Air Act is a comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve and maintain
healthy air for all Filipinos.
8. R.A. 8792 known as "Electronic Commerce Act of 2000." This Act aims to facilitate domestic and international
dealings, transactions, arrangements agreements, contracts and exchanges and storage of information through the
utilization of electronic, optical and similar medium, mode, instrumentality and technology to recognize the authenticity
and reliability of electronic documents related to such activities and to promote the universal use of electronic transaction
in the government and general public.
9. R. A. 9367 known as the "Biofuels Act of 2006". This act was enacted to develop and utilize indigenous renewable and
sustainable-sources clean energy sources to reduce dependence on imported oil; mitigate toxic and greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions; increase rural employment and income; and ensure the availability of alternative and renewable clean energy
without any detriment to the natural ecosystem, biodiversity and food reserves of the country.
10. R. A. 9513 known as the “Renewable Energy Act of 2008“. The aims of this act are to accelerate the exploration and
development of renewable energy resources such as, but not limited to, biomass, solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and ocean
energy sources, including hybrid systems, to achieve energy self-reliance, through the adoption of sustainable energy
development strategies to reduce the country’s dependence on fossil fuels and thereby minimize the country’s exposure to
price fluctuations in the international markets, the effects of which spiral down to almost all sectors of the economy;
increase the utilization of renewable energy by institutionalizing the development of national and local capabilities in the
use of renewable energy systems, and promoting its efficient and cost-effective commercial application by providing
fiscal and non-fiscal incentives; and encourage the development and utilization of renewable energy resources as tools to
effectively prevent or reduce harmful emissions and thereby balance the goals of economic growth and development with
the protection of health and the environment
11. R.A. 10175 known as the “Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012”. It aims to address legal issues concerning online
interactions and the Internet in the Philippines.
12. R. A. 10612 known as the “Fast-Tracked S&T Scholarship Act of 2013”. This is an Act Expanding the Coverage of
the Science and Technology (S&T) Scholarship Program and Strengthening the Teaching of Science and Mathematics in
Secondary Schools. Its main objective is to strengthen the country’s science and technology education by fast tracking
graduates in the sciences, mathematics, and engineering who shall teach science and mathematics subjects in secondary
schools throughout the country. Towards this end, scholarships shall be provided to finance the education of talented and
deserving students in their third year of college, and pursuing a degree or training in the areas of science and technology,
and to provide incentives for them to pursue a career in teaching in high schools, especially in their home regions.
13. R. A. 10844 known as the “Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) Act of 2015”.
This law shall strengthen its efforts on the following focus areas: Policy and Planning; Improved Public Access;
Resource-Sharing and Capacity-Building; and Consumer Protection and Industry Development. Apart from this, the DICT
is expected to spearhead the following endeavors: Nation building Through ICT; Safeguarding of Information; and
Advancement of ICT in the Philippines.

THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MASTER PLAN

This was first development plan which was conceptualized and introduced by Presidential Task Force for Science
and Technology in 1988 during the time of the late President Corazon C. Aquino.
STMP aimed to modernize the production sector, upgrade research activities and the development of
infrastructure for science and technological purposes. Also, to examine and determine which areas of research needed
attention and must be given priority, a Research and Development Plan was formulated.
In identifying which programs can be pursued under this STMP, the following criteria were used: development of
local materials; probability of success; potential of product in the export market; and its strategic nature.
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 The identified programs who met the criteria were: aquaculture, marine fisheries, forestry, natural resources,
process industry, food, feed industry, energy, transportation, construction industry, information technology,
electronics, instrumentation and control, emerging technologies, and pharmaceuticals.
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENDA FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (STAND)
This development plan was established in 1993 during the term of President Fidel V. Ramos. This was formulated
because of President Ramos’ perspective that science and technology were one of the key factors in which the Philippines
can achieve the status of New Industrialized Country (NIC).
The plan’s priority programs were:
1. exporting winners identified by the DTI;
2. domestic needs identified by the President’s Council for Countryside Development;
3. support industries; and
4. coconut industry development
NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PLAN (NSTP 2002-2020)
This development plan was prepared and organized by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) headed by
Secretary Estrella F. Alabastro. NSTP is a suggestive plan that the Philippine government will follow in 20-year period. It
covers the visions, goals, strategies, area thrust and includes the medium-term element that contains the specific strategic
programs that DOST will pursue and implement from 2002 to 2020.
The DOST envisioned:
A. By 2004, Science and Technology already played a significant role in the improvement of national productivity and
competitiveness and greatly contributed in solving national crucial problems.
B. By 2010, Philippines should already have secured places in global market; known to be a world-class knowledge
provider and user in several areas of science and technology; and have advanced but steady economic growth and
improved its people quality of life through proper utilization of science and technology.
C. By 2020, Philippines should already develop extensive with high technology content and globally competitive products
and services.
D. The core areas for science and technology under the NSTP are: agriculture, forestry, and natural resources;
health/medical sciences; biotechnology; information and communication technology (ICT); microelectronics and
mechatronics; earth and marine sciences; fisheries and aquaculture; environment; natural disaster mitigation; energy
materials science and engineering; and manufacturing and process engineering (Fernandez, 2002).

UNIT IV: LESSON 4

The article “More is Different” by Anderson told us that, there are still a lot of things that need to be unfolded as
an individual engage more deeply in science and technology. Thus, as one continuously engages himself/herself in science
and technology, he/she becomes more curious and will then start to asks a lot of questions about his/her being,
importance, and origin.

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 As humans become knowledgeable, they tend to seek more on what is good and what is true. These are the same
goals of science and technology- to improve lives (good) and explain or reveal the real nature of a thing or phenomena
(truth). Consequently, human flourishing is deeply interconnected with the goals of science and technology. Hence, we
could say that science provides technology which is an end product that can be used as a tool for human to flourish. In
addition, Heidegger (1977) said that, technology is a human activity we excel in as a result of achieving science.
Scientific method refers to the procedure that involves a systematic observation, measurement, experiment and the
formulation, testing and modification of hypotheses (Oxford Dictionary).
A. Making a systematic observation. Observing and identifying unexplainable phenomena using different senses.
B. Problem identification. Identifying predominant question/problem and relevant factors associated with it.
C. Formulating hypothesis. Making a scientific guess or proposing solution or explanation pertinent to the problem.
D. Conducting experiment. A procedure that will support, confirm or reject the hypothesis.
E. Data gathering and analyzation. This can be numerical or written observation of what took place during the
experiment.
F. Formulating conclusion. With the gathered and analyzed data that will support the observation, your conclusion will
be the scientific answer to the question. Providing recommendations can be done as well to extend knowledge gained.

Logical Steps to follow in using Scientific Method - Although, scientific method is a logical procedure, it does not mean
that scientists strictly followed the steps. In finding answers, there are times that a scientist needs to go back or repeat a
certain step or steps to come up with the best answers
Diversity and Collaboration in Scientific Community - Another important thing that scientists do to achieve human
flourishing is to collaborate with each other. It is a well-known fact that individuals are unique, each one of us possess
unique characteristics, talents and have diverse backgrounds so as scientists. So, to consolidate diverse perspectives and
produce the best and most beneficial way of achieving human flourishing collaboration is of essence. Best example of this
is the collaboration of medical experts from different countries to produce a vaccine that will impede, if not totally cure
Corona Virus.
Reasons of How Collaboration and Diversity are significant in Scientific community
a. balance possible biases through peer checking and assessment;
b. stimulate problem solving by relaying and sharing ideas within the community;
c. facilitate specialization by employing their expertise in validating their hypotheses;
d. served as inspiration and motivation; and
e. divide labor
Essence of Technology - It was already discussed that science and technology are the foundation of comfortable and
improve lives; with technology we can do our tasks easier and faster. With these reasons we can say that technology really
plays an important and huge role in our daily life. However, the true essence of technology is still unknown for most of us
because most of us define technology as a tool or device that use every day.
According to Martin Heidegger in his article “The Question Concerning Technology” which you have read at the
beginning of this lesson, the essence of technology can be defined in two ways
1. Technology - is a means to an end which for Heidegger is the instrumental definition of technology. Hence, technology
is not an end itself; it is a means to an end. The definition that we know about technology which is a tool, a device or an
instrument that get things done for us falls under this category.

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  We use technology based on our needs; its function is dependent on our needs. Like for example, a smartphone.
Its main purpose is for communication, however some of us used it as a record keeping device or instrument
where all or files and memories such as pictures are stored. Others used it as a gaming instrument.

2. Technology is a human activity for Heidegger is the anthropological definition of technology. In this category,
Heidegger claimed that to achieve an end and to produce and use a means to an end is, by itself, a human activity.
 In simpler term, technology is a human activity because it is invented, created and produced by humans.
Consequently, its function or purpose is also determined by humans.

Technology as Poiesis - In the pursuit of knowing the real essence of technology, Heidegger introduced the concept of
poiesis which means “bringing forth” or revealing. Thus, he stated that technology is a way of revealing unconcealed
truth.
In analyzing what kind of unconcealed truth that technology reveals, we should take into consideration how we
make use of our different resources. It is true that science and technology improve our lives. And as we progress, we keep
on finding ways on how we could enhance and live a better life without realizing that we already exhaust and exploit our
natural resources. In this sense, Heidegger regarded technology not as a poiesis or bringing forth instead he stated
technology as a challenge forth – a way of revealing the challenges faced by our environment due to the aggressive use of
natural resources through technology.
Evidences that confirmed Heidegger’s argument that technology specifically the modern once are challenge forth
can be seen everywhere. Examples are: degradation of forest; water pollution; depletion of fossil fuels; and air pollution,
all of these pose huge treat not only to humans but to other living creatures as well.
Enframing: Modern Technology’s Way of Revealing
According to Heidegger (1977), there are two ways on how people regard nature – by using calculative thinking
where people view nature as something that they can control, putting orders and system so it can be better understood
based on their desires. This kind of thinking or attitude is what Heidegger refers as enframing or “boxes”. In addition, he
said that our desire for a “precise” and “scientific” knowledge of the world was the basis of this attitude of ours.
The other way is by employing meditative thinking. This kind of thinking does not use technology for nature to
forcibly reveal itself instead, meditative thinking lets nature alone reveal its beauty to humanity.
People have the ability to use both – to take care of nature and to control it. However, controlling or enframing
was commonly used because of the desire of security and fear of uncertainty. Blinded by the desire of control and
security; people’s way of enframing challenge forth nature which brings danger to humanity due to misuse,
misinterpretation and misconstruction of its resources.
The Dangers of Technology
We cannot ignore the fact that technology- be it ancient or modern, are beneficial to us and we also know that it
can be harmful or dangerous. However, the danger of technology does not depend on its kind neither on its function. The
danger lies on how we make use of the technology. Remember that the function of technology varies with the needs of the
people using it.
Can you identify dangers of technology can bring to you? How about to society and on the environment?
Art as a Way Out of Enframing - For Heidegger, art is an activity of the mind. So, it has the capacity to shift the minds
of the people from using the calculative thinking and to start appreciating the value of nature through the use of meditative
thinking. Hence, when we realized that nature is the most beautiful art, we may see its worth and start to take good care of
it.
You have learned how significant technology is it can either build or break us, our nation and the universe as well.
With the knowledge you have gained in this lesson, I am positive that you will choose to do the right thing which is to be
a good and responsible steward of God’s creation.

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