PROPOSED LESSON PLAN ON BIOLOGY FOR WEEK 1, 1st TERM 2021 /2022 SESSION.

Date

Length of time 3 Periods of 40 minutes each

Class Grade 9

Age 13-15 years

Ability Range Mixed

Learning Environment Indoor

Topic Classification of plants

Aim (s) To revise classification of living organisms with the learners

Personal Aim (s) To show learners the various ways in which plants are grouped.

Teaching objective(s) The teacher should be able to:

explain the classification of plants based on;

botanical classification

agricultural classification

life cycle

review the similarities of plant species

guide the learners to differentiate between angiosperms

and gymnosperms

Learning objective(s) By the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

classify plants based on botanical, agricultural and life

cycle.

Describe the characteristics of plant species

report a scientific identification of ten plants species identified

within the school environment

Assumption The learners are familiar with the classification of living things

Possible solution Lesson continues

Biblical principle

Key words Tallophyta, Bryopyta, Annuals

Reference Essential Biology M.C. Michael. Extensive Biology Sunday O.

Teaching Aid plant samples

The environment.

Procedure

Entry behavior; The teacher introduces the lesson by revising with the learners on
the classification of living things.

Step 1; Classification of plants

Plants are generally classified based on;

Botanical classification

Kingdom; Plantae

The plant kingdom consists of three main divisions(Phyla). These are;

Tallophyta

Characteristics

These are simple microscopic plants

Some are unicellular eg; Chlamydomonas while others are multicellular;. Spirogyra

They are simple aquatic plant

They have no true roots, stem or branches

They have cellular cell walls

They have no specialized reproductive organ but exhibit sexual and asexual means of
reproduction

Examples are single free living alga like chlymadomonsas or in form of filanments like
spirogyra or in colonies like volvox

Bryophyta
Characteristics

They are complex , multicellular green plants

Their cells are differentiated into tissues

They have no true roots, stems and leaves but have structures resembling roots, stem
and leaves

They are non-vascular plants

They are usually found growing in moist places

They are both aquatic and terrestrial;

They exhibit asexual reproduction by spores and sexually by gametes

Examples are mosses and liverworts.

Tracheophyta

This division is made up of vascular plants which is grouped into two subdivisions ;

Pteridophyta

Characteristics

They are multicellular and vascular green plants

They are non-flowering plants

They have true roots , stems and leaves

They are mainly terrestrial while few are aquatic

They are non-seed producing

They reproduce asexually by spore formation

Examples are ferns

Spermatophyta

Characteristics

They are multicellular , seed producing flowering plants

 They are vascular plants and have well developed vascular tissues

They have true roots, stems and leaves

They reproduce sexually and do not need water for reproduction

They are mainly terrestrial green plants

They are further divided into;

Gymnosperms

Characteristics

They are plants with naked seeds

They do not bear flowers

They have true roots, stems and leaves

The seed are bornes in special structure called cones

They are vascular green plants

Examples are pine, cycads, gingkos and conifers.

Angiosperms

Characteristics

They are the most complex green flowering plants

They are vascular plants

They have well developed and complete flowers

They are seed plants with seed enclosed in the fruit

They are mainly terrestrial

They undergo pollination

They are further divided into;

Dicotyledonous

Characteristics;
 They bear seeds which have two seed leaves or cotyledons

The vascular bundles of each stem are arranged in a regular pattern

Their floral parts exists in groups of fours

The leaves have veins arranged in branched network

They have taproot

They undergo secondary growth

Examples are mango, orange, cowpea

Monocotyledonous

Characteristics

They bear seeds which have only one seed leaf

The vascular bundles of the stems are scattered

Their floral parts exists in groups of threes

Their leaves have veins running in parallel to one another

They have fibrous root system

They do not undergo secondary growth

Examples are maize plant, rice etc.

Agricultural classification of plants

In this classification, plants are grouped based on their uses;

Cereal plants; belong to the grass family, eg, rice

Pulses; provide protein to man eg, beans, cowpea, soyabeans

Roots and tubers; good source of carbohydrates, eg, cassava, beets, sweet potato

Vegetables; rich in minerals, eg; bitter leaf, spinach, waterleaf, tomatoes

Spices; provide vitamins, eg; thyme, pepper

 Classification of plants based on life cycle

Annuals; they complete their life cycle in one season. Eg; maize, rice, cowpea, millet,
vegetable, cotton and groundnut.

Biennials; complete in two seasons. Eg; pepper, carrot, onion and ginger

Perennials; complete in more than two years. Eg; cocoa, banana, orange, palm oil, rubber
and mango.

On Going Assessment state the botanical name of rice, maize and sugar cane

Organization Individual activity

Differentiation Up and coming learners would be able to explain three ways plants
are classified.

Middle rangers would be able to describe the characteristics of

tallophytes

High flyers would be able to outline the differences between

major plant divisions

Evaluation Explain classification of plants based on;

Botanical

Agricultural

Outcome

Reflection

Summary

Conclusion By the end of the lesson the teacher gives and marks the notes.

Homework To be done on the learners textbook.