EFFECT OF ECCENTRICITY

Aims –
Civil engineering structures are mainly made-up of columns, Beam, and Slabs, and
these structures are subjected to axial as well as eccentric loading along with
different end conditions. The content on calculations of shear forces, bending
moments, bending stresses, slope, and deflections which are developed in various
types of beams will be useful in the design of these members. Analysis of members
for axial forces, slope, deflection, and combined direct and bending stresses will be
useful in the safe design of various structural members.

Course outcome addressed –

Analyse stresses induced in vertical members subjected to direct and bending loads,

Proposed methodology
In this project, we know about the effect of eccentricity.

Brief Description:-

Definition: Eccentric load :

A load that acts away from the centroid of the section or a load whose line of action
does not coincide with the axis of the member is called an eccentric load. See figure
the eccentric load produces bending stress as well as direct stress.

Definition; Limit of eccentricity (e) :

It is defined as a distance between the axis of the member and the point of loading.
It is denoted by e. For example, consider a column of rectangular cross-section
carrying an eccentric load having compressive nature acts at a point 'E' in the plane
bisecting the thickness (d). The distance "GE" is termed as eccentricity as shown in
Fig. 1.3.1.

Effect of Eccentric Load

Consider a column ABCD is acted upon by an eccentric load T' at the point E as shown
in Fig. 1.4.1(a). Distance between centroid 'G' and Eis'e' i.e. eccentricity In order to
analyze the effect of eccentric load 'P', it is essential to introduce two equal and
opposite forces 'P' along the axis of the column as shown in Fig. 1.4.1(b) Note that
these two equal, unlike and collinear forces will not make any change in the entire
loading pattern of the column because their resultant action is zero.Fig. 1.4.1(b)
shows the three forces acting on the column. Out of these three forces, the
downward force 'P' acting at the centroid of the section as shown in Fig. 1.4.1(c) will
produce direct stress (σ ) compressive in nature.

Direct stress (σ) P/ACompressive)

The remaining two forces (P - P) as shown in Fig. 1.4.1(d) which are unlike parallel
and equal to each other will form a clockwise couple as shown in Fig. 1.4.1(b). The
moment of this couple at the centroid G will be (M=Pxe). This moment of a couple
will produce bending stress. Thus it has been concluded that whenever a body is
subjected to an eccentric load, that time direct as well as bending stresses are
developed.
 σb = M/Z
Where,

M = bending moment at the centroid - P x e

I = M.l of the section about the neutral axis

(Y -Y) = db3/12

σb = bending stress at a distance 'y' from the neutral axis

Z = section modulus or modulus of section

Hence, the resultant stress (σt) at any layer at a distance 'y' from neutral axis Y-Y is
given by :Resultant stress (σt) = Direct stress (σa) +- Bending stress (σb)

(σt) = (σa) +- (σb)

(σr) = P/A +- M/Z

Examples of Eccentric Load in Practice

The examples of eccentric loads which occur in practice are :

wind pressure on walls and chimneys

water pressure in dams and retaining walls

load on the bracket

the load exerted in the C clamp by the screw ,

the load applied on offset link, etc. In the above cases, the eccentric loads acting on
the various structures and machine parts produce direct stress as well as bending
stress at any section.

Eccentric Connections in Steel Structures :-

Actual Resources Use

 Sr.no Name of resource material Specifications Quantity

1 Computer Window xp 1
2 Internet Wikipedia
3 Textbook Theory Of Structure 1
(22402)

Outputs of the Micro-Project

in this micro project, we get all information about eccentric loads and also see some
examples of eccentric loads.

Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project

A .Develop group discussion skills.

B .Communication skills improved.

C. MS WORD skills developed.

D. Get knowledge of eccentric loads.

Conclusion
Eccentric Load: When the line of action of the load acts parallel to but away from
the axis of the member it is called eccentric loading.

Examples of eccentric loading: 1) Force applied through C-Clamp. 2) Compressive

Force acting on the outer edge of the circular column.