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SCIENCE
Quarter 4 – Module 2:
The Philippine Environment

Self-Learning Module

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 FOREWORD

Ten Simple Things You Can Do to Help Protect the Earth

Reduce, reuse, and recycle. Cut down on what you throw away. Follow the
three "R's" to conserve natural resources and landfill space.
Volunteer. Volunteer for cleanups in your community. You can get involved in
protecting your watershed, too.
Educate. When you further your own education, you can help others
understand the importance and value of our natural resources.
Conserve water. The less water you use, the less runoff and wastewater that
eventually end up in the ocean.
Choose sustainable. Learn how to make smart seafood choices at
www.fishwatch.gov.
Shop wisely. Buy less plastic and bring a reusable shopping bag.
Use long-lasting light bulbs. Energy efficient light bulbs reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. Also flip the light switch off when you leave the room!
Plant a tree. Trees provide food and oxygen. They help save energy, clean
the air, and help combat climate change.
Don't send chemicals into our waterways. Choose non-toxic chemicals in the
home and office.
Bike more. Drive less.
How are resources used in sustainable development?
The goal of sustainable development is to provide resources for the use
of present populations without compromising the availability of those
resources for future generations, and without causing environmental damage
that challenges the survival of other species and natural ecosystems.
Sustainable development is the management of renewable resources
for the good of the entire human and natural community. Built into this
concept is an awareness of the animal and plant life of the surrounding
environment, as well as inorganic components such as water and the
atmosphere. The goal of sustainable development is to provide resources for
the use of present populations without compromising the availability of those
resources for future generations, and without causing environmental damage
that challenges the survival of other species and natural ecosystems.
The bodies of water and its surrounding environment not only support
the survival of diverse organisms for food but are also used for other
economic activities.

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 MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

Cite and explain ways of using Earth’s resources sustainably.

S7ES-IVa-1

OBJECTIVES
1. Explain how to use the Earth’s resources sustainably.
2. Demonstrate understanding of the goal of sustainable
development that is built in the concept of awareness.
3. Identify the different natural resources and how to
conserve it.

I. WHAT HAPPENED?

The Philippines' biodiversity provides several ecosystem

services. It provides food, water, energy sources, pharmaceuticals,
biomass fuels, carbon sequestration and climate regulation, crop
pollination, cultural and spiritual inspiration, and ecotourism value.
Conserving biodiversity could help shield waterways against
nitrogen pollution, says a study that showed how streams with more
species are better at removing excess nutrients from water.
Scientists have long known that ecosystems with
more biodiversity are better at mopping up pollutants like nitrogen.
How does water affect biodiversity?
When an area loses a large percentage of its fresh water,
many animals die off. In some cases, species go entirely extinct. This
leads to a decrease in the region's biodiversity. For one thing,
humans use much more fresh water to drink and grow crops than
they did in the past.
Planet Earth is made up of different things - air, water, plants,
animals, soil, rocks, minerals, crude oil, and other fossil fuels. These
things are called natural resources because they are not made by
people; they are gathered from nature. Sunlight and wind are also
natural resources. We use all these things to survive or satisfy our
needs.

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 Pre-Test

Direction: Write your answers on your answer sheet.

1. Major causes of extinction of different species includes.

A. habitat loss and over-hunting
B. climate change and pollution
C. deforestation
D. all of the above.
2. Conservation of living resources is a complex operation and is concerned with
___________________.
A. plants and animals
B. All living organisms and nonliving elements of the environment on which they
depend.
C. Protection of wildlife and the forests in which these inhabit.
D. plants, animals, and microbes
3. Which is the most scientific way to conserve the plant diversity of an area?
A. By developing seed banks C. by creating biosphere reserves
B. by tissue culture method D. by creating botanical gardens
4. Most of the endangered species are victims of ___________.
A. acid rain C. habitat destruction
B. competition with introduced species D. over hunting
5. What type of energy is derived from heated groundwater?
A. solar energy C. hydroelectric energy
B. geothermal energy D. nuclear energy
6. Fossil fuels are classified as nonrenewable because they________.
A. Require expensive equipment. C. Can be found all over.
B. Take millions of years to replace. D. Provide all the energy we use.
7. Wind, geothermal, and solar energy are all what type of energy resources?
A. cheap B. potential C. renewable D. chemical
8. Paulo and David are cruising down the interstate on a motorcycle. They're burning
gas like crazy. What would be an effect on the environment?
A. water pollution C. air pollution
B. land pollution D. None of these
9. Conservation is the act of conserving, or protecting the environment, plants, and
animals. What are some things you can do to help conserve our environment?
A. Leave water on, leave TV on, run dishwasher with 1 plate.
B. Run the washing machine with 1 shirt.
C. Leave the refrigerator door open.
D. Turn off water, turn off lights, turn off TV.
10. Air, water, plants, animals, soil, rocks, minerals, crude oil, and other fossil
fuels are called natural resources because _______.
A. They are made by people. C. Not sure
B. They are not made by people. D. All of these

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 II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Types of Natural Resources

NaturalGETTING TO are derivedTHE
resources MICROSCOPE
from the environment. Some of the
resources are essential to survival, while others merely satisfy societal wants. Every
man-made product in an economy is composed of natural resources to some
degree. There are numerous ways to classify the types of natural resources, they
include the source of origin, the state of development, and the renewability of
the resources.
Natural resources are classified based on recovery rate:
Renewable natural resources: these are resources that can be
replenished. Examples of renewable resources include sunlight, air, and wind.
They are available continuously and their quantity is not noticeably affected by
human consumption. However, renewable resources do not have a rapid
recovery rate and are susceptible to depletion if they are overused.
Non-renewable natural resources: these resources form extremely slow
and do not naturally form in the environment. A resource is considered to be
non-renewable when their rate of consumption exceeds the rate of recovery.
Examples of non-renewable natural resources are minerals and fossil fuels.
Energy Resources
Different Sources of Energy
Solar Energy -the primary source of energy is the sun.
Wind Energy – it is the power of the wind and is becoming more and more
common.
Geothermal Energy- derived from the heated ground water.
Hydrogen Energy - hydrogen fuel can be produced through several methods.
The most common methods today are natural gas reforming (a thermal
process), and electrolysis.
Tidal Energy - is a renewable energy powered by the natural rise and fall of
ocean tides and currents.
Wave Energy - (or wave power) is the transport and capture of energy by ocean
surface waves.
Hydroelectric Energy - also called hydroelectric power or hydroelectricity, is a
form of energy that harnesses the power of water in motion—such as water
flowing over a waterfall—to generate electricity.
Biomass Energy - renewable organic material that comes from plants and
animals.

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 The Philippines is considered rich in natural resources. We have fertile,
arable lands, high diversity of plant and animals, extensive coastlines, and rich
mineral deposits. We have natural gas, coal, and geothermal energy. Wind and
water are also harnessed for electricity generation. Our country boasts of
different kinds of natural water forms, such as, bays, rivers, lakes, falls, gulfs, straits,
and swamps. Because it is made up of islands, the country's coastline (seashore)
if laid end-to-end, would measure around 17.5 thousand kilometers.
Soil Resources
Soil is formed by the combination of physical, chemical, and biological
processes in which huge rocks are broken down into smaller particles over a long
period of time. Gradually, these cracks cause the rocks to break down into
smaller pieces. With time, these smaller pieces convert into particles and form
soil.

An important function of soil is to store

and supply nutrients to plants. The ability to
perform this function is referred to as soil
fertility. The clay and organic matter (OM)
content of a soil directly influence its fertility.
Does soil filter water?
Water flows over the particles into
cracks but cannot get through the particles.
This is because the soil actually filters the
water. The soil can hold onto pollutants—such
as living organisms, harmful chemicals, and
minerals and only let the clean water
through.

Rocks and Mineral Resources

The Philippines' top mineral exports are copper, gold and nickel. Other target
minerals include quartz, mica, iron, gypsum, feldspar, chromite, calcite and
sulphur. Some target non-metallic minerals are sand and gravel, limestone,
marble, clay, and other quarry materials. The Philippines is blessed with metal and
mineral deposits due to its geology. The islands are on the top of underwater
mountains that were formed due to the molten rocks from the interior of the earth,
which created the ideal setting of a variety of valuable minerals.

Conserving and Protecting Natural Resources

Conservation is the careful maintenance and upkeep of a natural resource to
prevent it from disappearing. A natural resource is the physical supply of
something that exists in nature, such as soil, water, air, plants, animals, and energy.
Why do we need to protect and conserve our natural resources?
Earth's natural resources include soil, air, water, plants, animals, light, stone,
minerals, and fossil fuels. People need some natural resources to stay alive. We
must conserve our natural resources since many of them are limited. Conserve
means to protect something from harm or destruction.

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Activity 1

In this activity, you should be able to help

conserve water. Answer it in two or three
A. sentences.

Water Conservation

How can we conserve How can we conserve

water in our homes? water in our school?

How can we keep our What should we do to

rivers and lakes clean? ensure our future has
plenty of clean water?

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 Classify the natural resources found below as renewable and
B non-renewable. Write the word or draw it on your answer
. sheets.

Air coal water Natural gas

natural gas, oil,

wood Solar energy soil oil

RENEWABLE NON-RENEWABLE

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 Activity 2

Conservation of Resources

Choose the terms from the pool of words below and put it in its
correct description, then write it on your answer sheets.

Conservation Natural Resources

reuse
reduce recycle

1. To make new products from old products. _____________________

2. Things found in nature used by living things. ____________________
3. To use less of something. _____________________
4. The wise or careful use of natural resources. ______________
5. To use something again instead of throwing it away. ______

6. Stand in the refrigerator while drinking water. __________

7. Turn off lights when not in use. _________
8. Take a bath using dipper instead of shower. _________
9. Leave the water running while brushing your teeth. ______
10. Leave the lights on until you return to your room. _______
11. Use a dryer instead of a clothesline. ___________
12. Use a basin half filled with water when washing the dishes. _____
13. “No Straw” policy. ________
14. Make compost to improve soil quality. ________
15. Buy products that do not cause damage to the environment.

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 III.WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

A. Multiple Choice.
Direction: Write the letters and words of the correct answer on
your answer sheet.

1. Another name for a natural resource called oil is ____.

A. Tar B. salad dressing C. gas D. petroleum
2. Earth's ____ are features that benefit people - like air, water, soil, minerals, trees,
and petroleum.
A. Natural resources C. Nonrenewable resources
B. renewable resources D. rocks and mineral resources
3. ___ are substances made from things that were once alive.
A. Natural resources B. fossil fuels C. renewable D. petrol
4. A ___ is a natural resource like uranium or coal that is not replaced as it is used.
A. renewable resources C. fossil fuels
B. nonrenewable resources D. petroleum
5. The sun's energy is often called ___.
A. Geothermal energy C. solar energy
B. Hydroelectric energy D. wind energy
6. A ____ is a natural resource like the sun, wind, or trees that can be replaced in
a relatively short period of time.
A. renewable resources C. fossil fuels
B. nonrenewable resources D. petroleum
7. Tiny particles and gasses released into the air are called _____.
A. fossil fuels C. emissions
B. petroleum D. pollution
8. If you practice _____, you are protecting, preserving, and managing Earth's
natural resources.
A. pollution B. conservation C. emission D. remission
9. ___ is a change to the environment that is harmful to humans or other living
things.
A. pollution B. emissions C. weather D. climate
10. Which of the following lists includes ALL renewable resources?
A. geothermal, wind, nuclear, solar
B. nuclear, gas, coal, wind
C. solar, wind, natural gas
D. hydroelectric, solar, biomass, wind, geothermal

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 B. HOW ARE NATURAL RESOURCES USED?

Directions: Match the natural resources on the left to the things we

get from them. Write the words or draw it on your answer sheet.

Number 1 is done for you.

1.

Tree energy furniture

2.
water
wood
Solar panel

3. Solar energy

energy

electricity

4.

Air/wind energy
Wind turbine

5.

Animal-
sheep Wool cap

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 REFERENCES:

Websites
https://phmillennia.com/unesco-world-heritage-sites-in-the-philippines/

https://www.climate-change-guide.com/GAlpqfTG.xml

https://www.loe.org/shows/shows.html?programID=14-P13-00036

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/ocean/earthday.html

https://science.jrank.org/pages/6642/Sustainable-Development.html

https://www.usaid.gov/philippines/energy-and-environment/bwiser

https://www.herricks.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid
=140&dataid=442&FileName=how%20water%20loss%20affects%20biodiversit
y-.pdf

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
economics/chapter/introduction-to-natural-resource-economics/

Creative Commons licenses

Natural resource - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org › wiki › Natural resource

BOOK

Science Learner’s Material

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SCHOOLS DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY

NIMFA D. BONGO EdD, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

DR. ESTELA B. SUSVILLA

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

DR. JAIME P. RUELAN

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

DR. ISMAELITA DESABILLE

Education Program Supervisor (LRMDS)

DR. RUFINO TUDLASAN

Education Program Supervisor (Science)

CONCHITA A. PONCE
Writer

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 SYNOPSIS

As the population of the world is increasing at an alarming rate, the

consumption of natural resources is also increasing. Hence, these resources
should be conserved to maintain ecological balance and save them for
future generations.
Habitat conservation is a land management practice that seeks to
conserve, protect, and restore habitat areas for wild plants and animals,
especially conservation of reliant species, and prevent their extinction,
fragmentation, or reduction in range.
Wildlife conservation aims at:
Maintaining healthy wildlife populations.
Maintaining the number of animals in balance with their habitats.
Keeping track of current habitat conditions and breeding populations
preventing total extinction of species.

ABOUT THE WRITER

CONCHITA AGUILAR PONCE

Teacher III
She is a graduate of Bachelor of Science in
Civil Engineering at the University of San Jose
Recoletos and graduated Bachelor in Secondary
Education at the University of the Visayas (Mandaue
Campus) major in English. Also, a graduate of Master
of Arts in Education major in Supervision and
Administration. A certificate holder of Certificate
Program in Teaching Integrated Science (CPTIS) at
the University of San Carlos Talamban Campus,
sponsored by the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST).

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Mandaue City
Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines 6014
Telephone Nos.: (032) 345 – 0545 | (032) 505 – 6337
E-mail Address: mandaue.city001@deped.gov.ph
Website: https://depedmandaue.net

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