Pimpri Chinchwad Education Trust’s

Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering

Advanced Microcontroller Case Study

Department: E & TC Academic Year: 2023 - 2024 Semester: I
Date:

Group No : 2 Roll No: Name of the Students:

1) TYETB218 1) Kunal Vishwas Padwal
2) TYETC229 2) Vishwajeet Dinkar Zambre

 Title: Application of Embedded system in ATM machine.

 Introduction:
Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) have become an integral part of modern banking,
revolutionizing the way individuals access their finances and conduct financial transactions. Behind
the convenience and security of these self-service banking terminals lies a sophisticated network of
technology, with embedded systems at its heart. Embedded systems play a pivotal role in the
seamless operation of ATMs, encompassing various critical functions, from user interaction and
transaction processing to security and communication with banking networks. In this discussion, we
will delve into the essential applications of embedded systems within ATMs, shedding light on the
behind-the-scenes technology that ensures the reliability, security, and user-friendliness of these
financial access points.

 Block Diagram & its Working:

The block diagram of the automated teller machine consists of mainly two input devices and four
output devices. The input devices like card reader and keypad whereas output devices are speaker,
display screen, receipt printer, and cash depositor.
  Input Devices
The input devices like card reader and keypad.

 Card Reader:
The card reader is an input device that reads data from a card. The card reader is part of the
identification of your particular account number and the magnetic strip on the backside of the ATM
card is used for connection with the card reader. The card is swiped or pressed on the card reader
which captures your account information i.e. the data from the card is passed on to the host processor
(server). The host processor thus uses this data to get the information from the cardholders.

ATM Card Reader

 Keypad:
The card is recognized after the machine asks for further details like your identification number,
withdrawal, and your balance inquiry Each card has a unique PIN so that there is little chance for
some else to withdraw money from your account. There are separate laws to protect the PIN code
while sending it to the host processor. The PIN is mostly sent in encrypted form. The keyboard
contains 48 keys and is interfaced to the processor.
 ATM Keyboard

 Output Devices
The output devices are speaker, display screen, receipt printer, and cash depositor.

 Speaker:
The speaker provides audio feedback when a particular key is pressed.
 Display Screen:
The display screen displays the transaction information. Each step of withdrawal is shown by the
display screen. A CRT screen or LCD screen is used by most of the ATMs.

ATM Display
 Receipt Printer:
The receipt printer prints all the details recording your withdrawal, date and time, and the amount of
withdrawal and also shows the balance of your account in the receipt.
 Cash Dispenser:
The cash dispenser is the heart of the ATM. This is a central system of the ATM from where the
required money is obtained. From this portion, the user can collect the money. The cash dispenser
must count each bill and give the required amount. If in some cases the money is folded, it will be
moved to another section and becomes the reject bit. All these actions are carried out by high
precision sensors. A complete record of each transaction is kept by the ATM with the help of an RTC
device.
 ATM Cash Dispenser

 ATM Networking
The internet service provider (ISP) also plays an important role in the ATMs. This provides
communication between ATM and host processors. When the transaction is made, the details are
input by the cardholder. This information is passed on to the host processor by the ATM. The host
processor checks these details with an authorized bank. If the details are matched, the host processor
sends the approval code to the machine so that the cash can be transferred.

Automated Teller Machine Networking

 Automated Teller Machine Working Principle

The automated teller machine is simply a data terminal with two inputs and four output devices.
These devices are interfaced with the processor. The processor is the heart of the ATM. All the
ATMs working around the world are based on a centralized database system. The ATM has to
connect and communicate with the host processor (server).
The host processor is communicating with the internet service provider (ISP). It is the gateway
through all the ATM networks available to the cardholder. When a cardholder wants to do an ATM
transaction, the user provides necessary information through a card reader and keypad. The ATM
forwards this information to the host processor. The host processor enters the transaction request to
the cardholder bank.
If the cardholder requests the cash, the host processor takes the cash from the cardholder’s account.
Once the funds are transferred from the customer account to the host processor bank account, the
processor sends the approval code to the ATM and the authorized machine to dispense the cash. This
is the way to get the amount on ATMs. The ATM network is fully based on a centralized database
environment. This will make life easier and secure cash.
 Flow Chart/Algorithm:

–
  Applications:

1) User Interface:
Embedded systems control the display screen, keypad, and card reader, making it possible for users
to interact with the ATM. Users can enter their PIN, request transactions, and receive on-screen
instructions.
2) Transaction Processing:
Embedded systems manage the core functions of the ATM, including cash dispensing, depositing,
balance inquiries, and fund transfers. These systems validate transactions, communicate with the
bank's backend systems, and ensure the accuracy and security of each transaction.
3) Security:
ATM security is a critical aspect, and embedded systems are responsible for ensuring it. They control
features like PIN encryption, card validation, and security cameras. Embedded systems also monitor
for tampering, suspicious activity, and unauthorized access.
4) Cash Management:
Embedded systems in ATMs are responsible for dispensing the correct amount of cash and handling
cash replenishment and recycling. They track the amount of cash available in the ATM and report
this information to the bank.
5) Receipt Printing:
When a transaction is completed, embedded systems control the printing of receipts, which contain
details of the transaction, such as the date, time, transaction amount, and account balance.
6) Networking and Communication:
ATMs are connected to the bank's network via embedded systems, allowing real-time
communication with the bank's servers for transaction authorization, account balance updates, and
other data exchange. Secure communication protocols are implemented to protect sensitive data.
7) Diagnostic and Maintenance:
Embedded systems provide diagnostic capabilities to detect and report faults, errors, and
malfunctions. They can also generate reports for maintenance purposes, helping technicians identify
and address issues promptly.
8) Card Handling:
Embedded systems control the card reader, ensuring the proper insertion and retrieval of ATM cards.
They read card data, validate it, and initiate the transaction process.
9) Cash Dispensing Mechanism:
The cash dispensing mechanism is precisely controlled by embedded systems to ensure that the right
amount of cash is dispensed accurately and securely.
10) Emergency Features:
Embedded systems are responsible for activating emergency features, such as disabling the ATM in
case of security threats or providing emergency contact information for users.
  Conclusion:

The role of embedded systems in Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) is indispensable, as they
underpin the seamless and secure functionality of these financial access points. These embedded
systems facilitate user interactions, transaction processing, security, and communication with
banking networks, ensuring that individuals can conveniently and safely access their finances.
The flowchart outlined in this case study represents the flow of processes within an ATM, from card
insertion to transaction validation, cash dispensing, and receipt printing. Embedded systems manage
these processes, while also overseeing critical security measures like PIN verification, data
encryption, and emergency protocols. Additionally, they play a pivotal role in monitoring the ATM's
status, enabling maintenance and diagnostics to keep the machines in optimal working condition.
ATMs have become an essential part of our daily lives, making financial transactions more
accessible and convenient. Behind their user-friendly interfaces and robust security features,
embedded systems are the silent heroes that power these devices, ensuring that users can access their
funds reliably and securely. As technology continues to advance, embedded systems will evolve to
meet the changing needs and demands of modern banking, reinforcing the vital role they play in the
world of finance and self-service.

Mrs. Archana Bhamare

Students Sign Course Faculty