Cannes

Cannes (/kæn, kɑːn/ KAN, KAHN, French: [kan] ⓘ , locally [ˈkanə];

Occitan: Canas) is a city located on the French Riviera. It is a Cannes
commune located in the Alpes-Maritimes department, and host city of Canas (Occitan)
the annual Cannes Film Festival, Midem, and Cannes Lions
Commune
International Festival of Creativity. The city is known for its association
with the rich and famous, its luxury hotels and restaurants, and for
several conferences.

History
By the 2nd century BC, the Ligurian Oxybii established a settlement
here known as Aegitna (Ancient Greek: Αἴγιτνα).[3] Historians are A view of Cannes
unsure what the name means, but the connection to Greek αἴγες
"waves, surf" seems evident. The second element could be compared
to the Cretan and Thessalian towns of Itanos (Ἴτανος) and Iton (Ἴτων);
also phonetically close is the Aetolian town of Aegitium (Αἱγἱτιον).[4]
The area was a fishing village used as a port of call between the Lérins Flag Coat of arms
Islands.
Location of Cannes
In 154 BC, it became the scene
of violent but quick conflict
between the troops of Quintus
Opimius and the Oxybii.[5]

In the 10th century, the town

was known as Canua.[6] The
name may derive from
"canna", a reed. Canua was
probably the site of a small
Ligurian port, and later a
Cannes seen from Spot Satellite Roman outpost on Le Suquet
hill, suggested by Roman
tombs discovered here. Le
Suquet housed an 11th-century tower, which overlooked the swamps
where the city now stands. Most of the ancient activity, especially
protection, was on the Lérins Islands, and the history of Cannes is
closely tied to the history of the islands.

An attack by the Saracens in 891, who remained until the end of the
10th century, devastated the country around Canua. The insecurity of Cannes
the Lérins islands forced the monks to settle on the mainland, at the
Suquet. Construction of a castle in 1035 fortified the city then known
as Cannes, and at the end of the 11th century construction was started
on two towers on the Lérins islands. One took a century to build.

Around 1530, Cannes detached from the monks who had controlled
the city for hundreds of years and became independent.
During the 18th century, both the Spanish and British tried to gain
control of the Lérins Islands but were chased away by the French. The
islands were later controlled by many, such as Jean-Honoré Alziary
and the Bishop of Fréjus. They had many different purposes: in the
middle of the 19th century, one served as a hospital for soldiers
wounded in the Crimean War.

Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux bought land at the
Cannes
Croix des Gardes "about the year 1838, when it was little more than a
fishing village on a picturesque coast" and constructed the villa
Eleonore-Louise; Brougham's work to improve living conditions
attracted the English aristocracy, who also built winter residences.[7]
Coordinates: 43°33′05″N 7°00′46″E
The 19th century saw the modernization of Cannes, spearheaded by Country France
Marie de Lametz and her son Prince Charles III to follow the successes Region Provence-Alpes-
of nearby Nice and the successful gambling industry in Bad Homburg. Côte d'Azur
After several failures in 1850s, the late 1860s saw an expansion of Department Alpes-Maritimes
casino, villas, hotels, roads and railway (the distance from Paris to Arrondissement Grasse
Cannes reduced to 23 hours).[8] Canton Cannes-1 and 2
Intercommunality CA Cannes Pays de
At the end of the 19th century, several more railways were completed, Lérins
which prompted the arrival of streetcars. In Cannes, projects such as Government
the Boulevard Carnot and the rue d'Antibes were carried out. After the • Mayor (2020– David Lisnard[1]
closure of the Casino des Fleurs (hôtel Gallia), a luxury establishment 2026) (LR)
was built for the rich winter clientele, the Casino Municipal next to the Area1 19.62 km2
pier Albert-Edouard. This casino was demolished and replaced by the (7.58 sq mi)
new Palace in 1979. Population (2021)[2] 73,255
• Density 3,700/km2
In the 20th century, new luxury hotels such as the Carlton, Majestic, (9,700/sq mi)
Martinez, and JW Marriott Cannes were built. The city was
Demonym(s) Cannois
modernised with a sports centre, a post office, and schools. There were
(masculine)
fewer British and German tourists after the First World War, but more Cannoise (feminine)
Americans. Winter tourism gave way to summer tourism, and the
Time zone UTC+01:00 (CET)
summer casino at Palm Beach was constructed.
• Summer (DST) UTC+02:00 (CEST)

In 1931, Karan Singh the crown prince of Jammu and Kashmir was INSEE/Postal code 06029 (https://www.i
nsee.fr/fr/statistique
born at the Martinez Hotel.
s/1405599?geo=CO
M-06029) /06400
The city council had the idea of starting an international film festival
shortly after World War II. Elevation 0–260 m (0–853 ft)
1
French Land Register data, which
On 3 November 2011, it hosted the 2011 G20 summit. excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2
(0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river
In 2021, Cannes was designated as the City of Film by the UNESCO estuaries.
Creative Cities Network.

Climate
Cannes has a subtropical Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa) and the city enjoys 11 hours of
sunshine per day during summer (July), while in winter (December to February) the weather is mild. Both seasons see a
relatively low rainfall and most rain occurs during October and November when over 100 mm (3.9 in) falls.

Cannes summers are long and warm, with summer daytime temperatures regularly hitting 30 °C (86 °F), while average
temperatures are about 25 °C (77 °F). Temperatures remain high from June to September, the busiest time of the year.
Mean temperatures drop below 10 °C (50 °F) for only three months of the year (December to February). The spring and
autumn are also warm, although more suited to those who prefer slightly cooler weather.

The record high temperature was 39.2 °C (102.6 °F) on 19 July 2023, while the record low temperature was −12.0 °C
(10.4 °F) on 9 January 1985.[9]

Climate data for Cannes (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1949–present)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Record high 22.9 26.0 27.9 27.6 31.7 37.3 39.2 38.3 35.0 31.4 25.8 23.4 39.2
°C (°F) (73.2) (78.8) (82.2) (81.7) (89.1) (99.1) (102.6) (100.9) (95.0) (88.5) (78.4) (74.1) (102.6)

Mean daily
13.6 13.9 16.0 18.2 21.9 25.5 28.2 28.6 25.3 21.3 17.1 14.3 20.3
maximum
(56.5) (57.0) (60.8) (64.8) (71.4) (77.9) (82.8) (83.5) (77.5) (70.3) (62.8) (57.7) (68.6)
°C (°F)

Daily mean 8.6 8.8 11.0 13.5 17.2 20.9 23.5 23.7 20.3 16.7 12.5 9.4 15.5
°C (°F) (47.5) (47.8) (51.8) (56.3) (63.0) (69.6) (74.3) (74.7) (68.5) (62.1) (54.5) (48.9) (59.9)

Mean daily
3.7 3.7 6.0 8.7 12.6 16.3 18.7 18.8 15.4 12.1 7.9 4.6 10.7
minimum °C
(38.7) (38.7) (42.8) (47.7) (54.7) (61.3) (65.7) (65.8) (59.7) (53.8) (46.2) (40.3) (51.3)
(°F)

Record low −12.0 −9.2 −9.9 −0.5 2.3 7.4 8.8 10.5 5.3 0.9 −3.4 −5.6 −12.0
°C (°F) (10.4) (15.4) (14.2) (31.1) (36.1) (45.3) (47.8) (50.9) (41.5) (33.6) (25.9) (21.9) (10.4)

Average
82.5 57.0 60.2 78.2 51.8 32.5 18.7 23.9 92.1 134.3 145.4 104.6 881.2
precipitation
(3.25) (2.24) (2.37) (3.08) (2.04) (1.28) (0.74) (0.94) (3.63) (5.29) (5.72) (4.12) (34.7)
mm (inches)

Average
precipitation
5.9 5.3 5.7 6.3 5.4 3.6 1.8 2.7 4.8 7.5 8.5 6.4 63.9
days
(≥ 1.0 mm)

Average
relative
72 70 70 70 73 74 72 72 74 75 74 72 72.3
humidity
(%)

Mean
monthly
148.1 164.0 216.7 227.3 274.6 312.5 346.5 320.1 254.2 192.7 149.6 136.5 2,742.7
sunshine
hours

Source 1: Meteociel[9]

Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity 1961–1990)[10][11]

Population
Historical population
Year Pop. ±% p.a. Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1793 2,626 — 1901 30,420 +5.79%
1800 2,896 +1.41% 1906 29,365 −0.70%
1806 2,804 −0.54% 1911 29,656 +0.20%
1821 3,982 +2.37% 1921 30,907 +0.41%
1831 3,994 +0.03% 1926 42,427 +6.54%
1836 3,997 +0.02% 1931 47,259 +2.18%
1841 3,381 −3.29% 1936 49,032 +0.74%
1846 4,720 +6.90% 1946 45,548 −0.73%
1851 5,557 +3.32% 1954 50,192 +1.22%
1856 5,860 +1.07% 1962 58,079 +1.84%
1861 7,557 +5.22% 1968 67,152 +2.45%
1866 9,618 +4.94% 1975 70,527 +0.70%
 1872 10,144 +0.89% 1982 72,259 +0.35%
1876 14,022 +8.43% 1990 68,676 −0.63%
1881 19,385 +6.69% 1999 67,304 −0.22%
1886 19,959 +0.59% 2007 70,829 +0.64%
1891 19,983 +0.02% 2012 73,603 +0.77%
1896 22,959 +2.82% 2017 73,868 +0.07%
Source: EHESS[12] and INSEE (1968-2017) [13]

Landmarks
The Promenade de la Croisette is the waterfront avenue with palm trees. La Croisette is known for picturesque beaches,
restaurants, cafés, boutiques, and luxury hotels. Le Suquet, the old town, provides a good view of La Croisette. The
fortified tower and the Chapelle Sainte-Anne house the Musée des Explorations du monde. A distinctive building in
Cannes is the Russian Orthodox church.

Hotels

Hotel Barrière Le Hôtel Martinez InterContinental Carlton

Majestic Cannes Cannes

Villas
Cannes of the 19th century can still be seen in its grand villas, built to reflect the wealth and standing of their owners and
inspired by anything from medieval castles to Roman villas. They are not open to the public. Lord Brougham's Italianate
Villa Eléonore Louise (one of the first in Cannes) was built between 1835 and 1839. Also known as the Quartier des
Anglais, this is the oldest residential area in Cannes. Another landmark is the Villa Fiésole (known today as the Villa
Domergue) designed by Jean-Gabriel Domergue in the style of Fiesole, near Florence, which may be visited on
appointment.

Île Sainte-Marguerite
It took the Man in the Iron Mask 11 years to leave the tiny, forested St
Marguerite Island. The mysterious individual was believed to be of noble blood,
but his identity has never been proven. His cell can be visited in the Fort of St
Marguerite, now renamed the Musée de la Mer (Museum of the Sea). This
St. Marguerite Island
museum also houses discoveries from shipwrecks off the island, including
Roman (1st century BC) and Saracen (10th century AD) ceramics.

Île Saint-Honorat
Cistercian monks are the only inhabitants of the smaller, southern St Honorat
Island. Monks have inhabited the island since AD 410 and, at the height of their
powers, owned Cannes, Mougins, and Vallauris. Medieval vestiges remain in the
stark church, which is open to the public, and in the ruins of the 11th-century
monastery on the seashore. The monks inhabit the Lérins Abbey and divide their
time between prayer and producing red and white wines.

Museums
St. Honorat Island
The Musée d'Art et d'Histoire de Provence houses artifacts from prehistoric to
present, in an 18th-century mansion. The Musée de la Castre has objects from
the Pacific Atolls, Peruvian relics, and Mayan pottery. Other venues include the Musée de la Marine, Musée de la Mer,
Musée de la Photographie and Musée International de la Parfumerie.

Theatre and music

Cannes is not known for traditional theatre. However, small venues stage productions and host short sketches during the
annual International Actors' Performance Festival. Local theaters include the Espace Miramar and the Alexandre III.

Festivals and show events

The Cannes Film Festival founded in 1946 is held annually, usually
in May, at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès.
The Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity is a global
event and awards show for those working in advertising and related
fields, held annually in June.
The Festival d'art pyrotechnique de Cannes is an annual fireworks
Festival d'art pyrotechnique de
competition held in the summer at the Bay of Cannes.
Cannes 2021
Midem, the foremost trade show for the music industry.
MIPIM, the world's largest property-related trade show.
Carnival on the Riviera is an annual parade through the streets to mark the 21 days before Shrove
Tuesday.
The International Festival of Games is a festival of bridge, belote, backgammon, chess, draughts, tarot,
and more (February).
Cannes Yachting Festival is an event for boating enthusiasts in the Vieux Port (September).
The International Actors' Performance Festival: comedy sketches and performances by fringe artists
The International Luxury Travel Market brings together under one roof the top international luxury travel
providers and suppliers from all around the world.[14]
The Global Champions Tour showjumping league has an annual event in the ports of Cannes.
MIPCOM and MIPTV, held in October and April respectively, are the world's most important trade
markets for the television industry.
The Pan-African Film Festival, held in early April and featuring films from the African diaspora.

Economy
The area around Cannes has developed into a high-tech cluster. The technopolis of Sophia Antipolis lies in the hills
beyond Cannes. The Film Festival is a major event for the industry which takes place every year in May. In addition,
Cannes hosts other major annual events such as the MIPIM, MIPTV, MIDEM, Cannes Lions, and the NRJ Music
Awards.[15] There is an annual television festival in the last week in September.

The economic environment is based on tourism, business fairs, trade, and aviation. Cannes has 6,500 companies, of
which 3,000 are traders, artisans, and service providers. In 2006, 421 new companies were registered.
Cannes hosts the Cannes Mandelieu Space Center, headquarters of Thales Alenia
Space, the first European satellite manufacturer.

Sport
Cannes is home to the football side AS Cannes, which currently plays in the
French third division. The club is notable for having launched the professional
career of Zinedine Zidane.
The Cannes Mandelieu aero centre
The city hosts the Jumping International de Cannes international horse jumping
event every June.

Cannes women's volleyball team RC Cannes has been very successful (won twenty French Championships and two
CEV Champions League).

Transport

Nice Côte d'Azur Airport

Located 24 km (15 mi) from Cannes, Nice Côte d'Azur Airport. The smaller Cannes – Mandelieu Airport is nearby.

Rail
Cannes station is the main railway station for the city of Cannes. It is situated on the Marseille–Ventimiglia railway.

There are several rail services including: TGVs from Paris Gare de Lyon to Nice, a TER from Marseille St Charles to
Nice, a TER service from Cannes to Les Arcs,and a TER service from Grasse/Cannes to Ventimiglia (Italy). The formers
occasional Thello (Italian train) from Marseille St Charles to Milan no longer operates since December 2021. [16]

Cannes-la-Bocca station is both a passenger station and a goods/maintenance depot. It is situated alongside the beach and
has a connection to local ferries. There are three more stations on the line to Grasse: Le Bosquet, La Frayère, and
Ranguin.

Bus
Coach services arrive at the Gare Routière de Cannes, in the centre of the city, near the Town Hall. Companies from
abroad include Eurolines and Agence Phocéens. Regional services are by Rapides Côte d'Azur and CTM, with services
from Nice and Grasse/Mandelieu respectively. Local bus services are provided by Bus Azur.

Ferry
Ferries are available in the Nice harbour from Bastia and Calvi in Corsica, with services provided by SNCM
Ferryterranée and Corsica Ferries. From Bastia, the journey is 4 hours, and 45 minutes on conventional ferries, and 3
hours, and 40 minutes on express ferries, while from Calvi, conventional vessels take 3 hours, and 45 minutes, and
express vessels take 2 hours and 45 minutes. An average of four ferries a day sail on these routes, with more during
summer.

Port
Cannes has 2 marinas – Vieux Port de Cannes (with 800 berths up to 145 m in length)[17] beside the Palais des Festivals
and Port Pierre Canto at the far end of the Croisette. Vieux Port is the main port and is used for cruise stopovers and
yacht charters.
 Panorama of Cannes waterfront, from which many ferries can be caught

International relations
Cannes is twinned with:

Acapulco, Mexico
Beverly Hills, California, US
Kensington and Chelsea, United Kingdom[18]
Shizuoka, Japan[19]

Cannes has friendship pacts with:

Florence, Italy Quebec City, Quebec, Canada

Gstaad, Saanen, Switzerland Tel Aviv, Israel
Moscow, Russia Turin, Italy[20]
Papeete, French Polynesia

Notable people

Public service
Dante Livio Bianco (1909–1953), Italian civil lawyer and wartime partisan
leader.
Anne Spoerry (1918–1999), French-Kenyan doctor and pilot
Karan Singh (born 1931), former ruler of Jammu and Kashmir, Indian diplomat
and politician
Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz (1936–2020), Spanish royal and Grandee of
Spain
Jean-Charles Terrassier (1940–2022), psychologist, specialized in childhood
intellectual giftedness Catherine Guillouard,
Norbert Turini (born 1954), prelate of the Catholic Church, archbishop of 2017
Montpellier.
Catherine Guillouard (born 1965), CEO of RATP Group, state-owned public
transport operator

The Arts
Amédée de Vallombrosa (1880–1968), classical organist
Gérard Philipe (1922–1959), theater and film actor
Claude Mercier-Ythier (1931–2020), a French harpsichord maker
James de Beaujeu Domville (1933–2015), theatrical producer and
Commissioner of the National Film Board of Canada.
Gérard Philipe, 1955
Gabriel Tacchino (born 1934), a French classical pianist and piano teacher.
Vojislav Stanimirovic (1937–2022), reformed criminal, writer, journalist, and artist
 Jean-Jacques Kantorow (born 1945), violinist and conductor
Jacques Israelievitch (1948–2015), a French violinist
Paolo Barzman (born 1957), French-American film director
Frédéric Boyer (born 1961), author of novels, poems, and essays
Cécilia Cara (born 1984), a French actress and singer

Sport
Bernard Casoni (born 1961), a former footballer with 488 club caps and 30 for
France Sarah Bouhaddi, 2014
Yann Bonato (born 1972), basketball player
Johan Micoud (born 1973), footballer with 485 club caps and 17 for France
Cyrille Sauvage (born 1973), racing driver
Sébastien Vieilledent (born 1976), rower and gold medallist at the Rowing at the
2004 Summer Olympics – Men's double sculls
Sarah Bouhaddi (born 1986), footballer with over 300 club caps and 149 for
France women
Anthony Modeste, (born 1988), football player with over 400 club caps
Tony Ramoin (born 1988), snowboarder, bronze medallist at the 2010 Winter
Olympics.
Élodie Lorandi (born 1989), a swimmer and medallist at the 2008 and 2012
Summer Paralympics Jean-Baptiste Dumas

Johann Zarco (born 1990), Grand Prix motorcycle racer

Norman Nato (born 1992), racing driver
Brandon Maïsano (born 1993), racing driver
Dylan Bronn (born 1995) a footballer with over 200 club caps and 35 for Tunisia
Timothé Luwawu-Cabarrot (born 1995), NBA player
Dorian Boccolacci (born 1998), racing driver

Died in Cannes
Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux (1778–1868), British
statesman & Lord Chancellor.[7] Alexis de Tocqueville,
Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg (1778–1866), a Scottish politician and 1850
colonial administrator.[21]
Victor Cousin (1792–1867), a French philosopher, founded "eclecticism".[22]
Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800–1884), a French chemist, worked on organic analysis and synthesis.[23]
Prosper Mérimée (1803–1870), a French Romanticism writer.[24]
Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859), aristocrat, diplomat, political scientist & philosopher, and
historian.[25]
Louis Blanc (1811–1882), a French socialist politician and historian.[26]
Sir Monier Monier-Williams (1819–1899), an Oxford scholar who taught Asian languages.[27]
John Francis Campbell (1821–1885), a Scottish author and scholar.[28]
Sir Henry James Sumner Maine (1822–1888), a British Whig comparative jurist and historian.[29]
Charilaos Trikoupis (1832–1896), Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece seven times, 1875–
1895.[30]
Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire (1833–1908), a British statesman.[31]
Benjamin Godard (1849–1895), a French violinist and Romantic-era composer.[32]
Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (1853-1884), eighth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
Nubar Gulbenkian (1896–1972), Armenian business magnate and socialite
 Jacques Monod (1910–1976), French microbiologist and biochemist, Nobel prizewinner

Gallery

The Croisette gardens The old harbour Le Suquet, the old quarter of
Cannes

Promenade de la Croisette Cannes in 1950

See also
Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes department

References
1. "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-93
4e-19ee07b0e503) (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 6
June 2023.
2. "Populations légales 2021" (https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-06029). The
National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
3. "Aegitna". Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft (in German). Vol. I. 1893. p. 477.
4. William Smith: Dictionary 1of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on
wood. Walton and Maberly, London 1854, s. v.Aegitium (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=P
erseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D4%3Aentry%3Daegi
tium-geo).
5. Reported in Polybius, Histories, 33.10.
6. Meeks, Edward; Monsigny, Jacqueline (2007). Le roman du festival de Cannes (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=ruZkAAAAMAAJ) (in French). Monaco: Rocher. p. 19. ISBN 978-2268061931.
7. "Brougham and Vaux, Henry Peter Brougham, 1st Baron" (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclo
p%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Brougham_and_Vaux,_Henry_Peter_Brougham,_1st_Baron). Encyclopædia
Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 652–655.
8. Miles, Jonathan (2023). "Chapter 4". Once Upon a Time World: The Dark and Sparkling Story of the
French Riviera (https://books.google.com/books?id=jOuTEAAAQBAJ). Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1-
83895-342-3.
9. "1991–2020 Normals and Records – Station: Cannes (06)" (https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_
records.php?DeptPays=06&code=6029001&normes=2020&Lieu=Cannes+%2806%29). Meteociel.fr.
Retrieved 23 July 2023.
10. "Normes et records 1961-1990: Cannes – Mandelieu (06) – altitude 2m" (http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatol
ogie-07684-cannes-mandelieu.html) (in French). Infoclimat. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
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Inches" (http://www.eldoradocountyweather.com/climate/world-extremes/world-temp-rainfall-extremes.ph
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s.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=6806), EHESS (in French).
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cre-POP_T1), INSEE
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26100227/http://www.cannes-destination.com/index/flagship-envents-in-cannes). cannes-
destination.com. Archived from the original (https://www.cannes-destination.com/index/flagship-envents-i
n-cannes) on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
16. "Thello | Buy Trenitalia Thello train tickets" (https://www.thetrainline.com/en/train-companies/thello).
17. "Vieux Port de Cannes – Book a berth now | MarinaReservation.com" (https://www.marinareservation.co
m/marina-vieux-port-de-cannes-757). marinareservation.com. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
18. "British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]" (https://web.archive.org/web/2013
0705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns). Archant Community Media
Ltd. Archived from the original (http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns) on 5 July
2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
19. "International Exchange" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160113132810/http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/sim
ai/e/03.cgi?p=22&n=Shizuoka%20Prefecture). List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures. Council of
Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR). Archived from the original (http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-
bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=22&n=Shizuoka%20Prefecture) on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 21 November
2015.
20. Pessotto, Lorenzo. "International Affairs – Twinnings and Agreements" (https://web.archive.org/web/2013
0618182559/http://www.comune.torino.it/relint/inglese/gemellaggieaccordi/index.shtml). International
Affairs Service in cooperation with Servizio Telematico Pubblico. City of Torino. Archived from the
original (http://www.comune.torino.it/relint/inglese/gemellaggieaccordi/index.shtml) on 18 June 2013.
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Further reading
Published in the 19th century

"Cannes" (https://archive.org/stream/handbookfortrave1861john#page/496/mode/2up), A Handbook for

Travellers in France (8th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1861, OL 24627024M (https://openlibrary.org/books/OL
24627024M)
C. B. Black (1896), "Cannes" (https://archive.org/stream/rivieraorcoastfr00blac#page/n79/mode/2up),
The Riviera; or, the Coast from Marseilles to Leghorn (https://archive.org/stream/rivieraorcoastfr00blac#p
age/n7/mode/2up) (9th ed.), London: Adam & Charles Black

Published in the 20th century

Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). "Cannes" (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%

C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cannes). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). p. 184.
"Cannes" (https://archive.org/stream/southernfrancein00karl#page/n769/mode/2up), Southern France,
including Corsica (6th ed.), Leipzig: Baedeker, 1914, OL 24364670M (https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24
364670M)

External links
Cannes (https://curlie.org/Regional/Europe/France/Regions/Provence-Alpes-Cote_d'Azur/Alpes-Maritim
es/Localities/Cannes) at Curlie (in English)
The City Hall official website (http://www.cannes.fr) (in French)
Cannes Tourist Office official website (http://www.cannes-destination.com) (in English)
Cannes Film Festival official website (https://www.festival-cannes.com/) (in French and English)
Cannes Today guide (https://www.cannes.today/) (in Russian and English)

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