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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    59 views136 pages

    Bio Modul 1

    Uploaded by

    masardesign899
    MOD 1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 136
    IITians ENGINEERING MEDICAL FOUNDATION RANKERS = 1 ail NEET BIOLOGY BEV IEE MAIN 0) JEE ADVANCED E774 NEET UG JEE Main/Advanced, NEET, BITSAT, ISAT, VITEEE, EAMCET, UPTU SEE, Orissa 3EE, WBJEE, SRMEEE, MHT CET, Delhi CEE, CUSAT CAT, AMU, KEAM, VTU, TANCET, ENAT, COMEDK UGET, PTU CET FROM THE DESK OF DIRECTORS ADITYA SINGHAL askliTians Web Pvt. Ltd. NISHANT SINHA pitas blrector askllTians Web Pvt. Ltd. Every child is future of the family and the ration. In today's world of cut-throat competition and ‘minute specialization, the toughest task parents and teachers face is to mold our children to face the challenges and uncertainties that lie ahead Let us stand with them ensuring thelr best throughout the school examinations and for the competitive exams. Let Us be highly focused and concemed about broader educational objectives of | developing students’ confidence, self motivation and thinking capability to benefit their future Inspiration is what askifTians has been ving to students throughout its wonderful journey of 13 Years. Beit an IIT aspirant or students with aspirations for medical, it the inspiration of interacting and taking guidance from their role models is what drives our student's motivation. askliTians believes that students already have the necessary potential in them, and as a career shaping partner of the student, it never falled to take out the best potential out of ther, Classroem 2N\\ Study AM Package BIOLOGY Module - 1 cmc The Living World 1-16 Biological Classification 17-50 Plant Kingdom 51-88 Animal Kingdom 89-130 Number of Questions Trend Analysis AIPMT/ NEET Year Chapter Utility Score Mocha 2ov0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 ‘Taxonomic Category 28/5 64 (3) INTRODUCTION Diclogys the scene oie forms and ivi proces. ‘The lving onus inter with one anher ae well as ‘id hr ys chemical environment ‘Thetem biology vas intoduced by R. Trevi Lamarck 82) “Teliving ergs surat in very abit on cath, All living beings share certain unified and basic characterieies These include orgeniestion, Kingsom Plu ns issn plans Clas Onder Cohort Family Gene Species + ‘There aresome extra etegis tk sub vison, ub ode, sub ily tebe, ab i, te They arena regulary ed, ‘They are sed only when they ae eee Forevanpleclasention oad given blow Tingin — rae Seer — Sree £| cam — deayetrer |p B] one — mo [Fr 2] ay = a a + Thosequence of wrangementoftsonomic cles ina descending order during he cassie of as rpaniss ‘scaled taronamic erate. + Kingdoms the highs and ypecer ithe lowest category terra + lant group o animal groups included in categories re calletaten + Salfc fran Taxon) Division hts Stbaision Piya Case ops, phys, Dae = aie Suborder = Foete Faniy = state ‘Sobtinly tide Tbe = tie Sob eite ie ‘Theres no ais for ens, species and kingdom. srectes Species isthe smallest axonomie eater. isthe basic ‘ni of elssitenton + Group at indivi or «poplin which ie capab to Intrieeeing is known a neces, Species reclassified tas sone fndamenal snare, + One soald te able to distinguish oe species fom the ‘other closely related species based on the distinct Iorphologia! difrenow. Let us consider Mangfora Indie, Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Pantera Teo (ion) AI he thee ames, nda, tuberosum ad lo, "present the specific epithets, while the fst words ‘Mangifera, Solanum and Penthera are genera snd represents another higher evelof axon cater. Concept of Species + John Ray peopel he eran eonsspof pce (1942), + Bihar concept ofspeces “Mayr proposed the logical concep of pies. = According Meal hs enters that can itrbret among themselves and ean reduce fre ofpings Sethe amber of sume species” ~ Bu ths dein of Mayr was incomplete tease ‘his dtation i applieale to sexily epee livingbeings Thre aremaay otganians that havea sera mode afepreducton, Eg. Bases, Mjeoplnme, = Theta chance in determination any species is interbreeding But this characteris ao ted is {akan Ia nan the terion pei is tose om ther ehoracers gna oologs charac, ae ‘Stak concep of species “The stale concept of species was propor by nea. “Accering Linnaeus "species s u-ehangebl” ie. ‘here mo change inthe character of specs, The {peses of pent dy are se as tey were pst ‘Bath lrmuassame nie Dymamiconcept of pecs “Thiseance! was proposed by "Lamarck ‘ecording to this Soncep, species is always ‘angel Changs says cca nthe characters Sapam one generation next geortion. And thet changes arekxown a "evo ‘Typeliesconept of mei, "Ts conep spp ty” Atte" ond "la ‘Asoring oth coneep, "ere ia defi tps or pave of characters ech pei of eer ng Egnisms and all the members of species show ‘nanan resonance wih hispaten’ Tyla Conept is based on angle ind of pei). tear More ‘Biatype : Meters of same gases inhabiting sin Ccvtenmen ad ving some genetic variations are ‘nw ayes. aritons unin thee ments re pertonent These members cat inbred song themetves Ee Coins, atbege nck ol ares ips of cone speci Menbesof same pis inating dierent ‘rvionment and having sme pent variations are known a ecotypet. Varlatons are permanent These ‘oombers een itrreed among themselves bt doe ‘spaphiel barr they cont ined, Eig Clow (Corusplandnse) found in iret regions se cap of ne Spies. [Beas Reopens: Meter of sme spies having ometor genic vratons de oneicamont sealed ‘ends Thes aration aretemporary. ‘Mlpatrie spel * Those species that ae found in ‘dierent geowaphical eons and have gsopraphial triers between them are known as lloptie pis, (Geographical bases are hills, cceans,himalayen ‘owns ‘Sympatric species: The species found in similar ‘powrphia eins ae sepa species. FAMILY CLASS, rc Genus FEN ems comprise up ofr species which sree ‘Shacks In common In comparaon to species of ther face, atoms sd rina edhe dierent eis tall Teflon tothe gn Solana. Lin (Panther eo) ears (poh) anger ii) wiser coramon ete, Scat species of the genus Panter, This genus dirs fom ater gems which icles ets Tami ba group ofreated genera wih il es number tf simlantes compared o gents and spec. + Fates are character on the bss of both vegetative regroductv etre of plan species. he dierent genes Solanum, Perio abd Datura acedin he nly cnoome Ang animas example, ‘na Pie comprising, gs Ieper putes, ‘th gon ti (ot) eal Felidae ‘ORDER Cringe cite neg fie chou fesinias chara, The ilar charcers Seigs amber onp ttt esd inofamy + Plan fies ikconolvlocea slanacet neue iy tase on the ta ine order polynomials harass. + Theanimal oder carnivor,ntoes fies ike feiae sadcanidne ‘Alas suvison wih @phytun made of ne or ‘moreresa odes + Order pats comprising monkey, ori and ib) x led nels nama alang wes order ernie that Takase gu ctand dg. mammals ‘ter odes lo PHYLUM ‘looescionpsing animals ke ies, amphibians, pies, ‘isha wth nsmnaconstie eager aso ‘led plo Al these eimals are incdet i pyiam, ‘hordata the bes of common etre ke presente of fhaochard need and doe ll aera. hse of plans lcs wih few’ sla characters 6 ‘signed toa higher category ale division + George Cuvier included phytam in, clasification ‘Micrttgist nd botanists ier inoded dvison placa pin KINGDOM All niastelongng varius phya are assigned othe fight estegory sila’ Kingdon Animal, +The Ringdem Pani, te ale hand, is dstnt, and ‘Soni a plants hom varoas isons ‘Table: Orpaians with tic coomiccategoie Common | Biogieal | Gane | Paster ‘Name "|" Name’ a it eta | Wan fone | Homo | Herindoe | Primate Corte Tomeiy | isco | Maco | Massie Diptera | Trae ateopods domenica “iangs | Mangiana —| Mangere | Kewcandncee | Sapiadules | Dicaplsdonne | Angonpermae indi ‘Wie [Teo [Tita [Pose Pots onosoiboe | Argeremee | a TAXONOMIC AIDS MAJOR BOTANICAL GARDENS, HERBARIA + Thononie works involves stds bath in eld and in AND. RESEARCH INSTITUTE — ne eee een pen + Reece eens | Epa eta merase Ba my or aE Spe spr tlre rio a ue *+ Largs BetanclGarden oA endian Bea Gand, ar, Koll. Established by Robt Ky, 786 ‘Last brim ofAsa Cont Natal eri + eter teenie tacentpine * aot peel psd ens sin + Rotana! garden are the colton of ing pant Fer eS initia fae ota en ba + Mme av colon oped pean aint specimen farthest ond etree Eyer rere peealalai * Sepidatper meter serveacioe tag) pe fli ree Crs al ery in rotted eovronmets unt hum eat ad pee 44 stable oer aos th fad habits and eho Koning oo boar + Thekeyrarehscdon the contesting chars enrlly st inapsitclelcowplet lepine made tee Nona bute garden, Licknv. sana tical {wo epost apo. This rest inaeepance of nly" Resech ane NR) skated Nal Rea esndreetinofthe oth Fachstcnestintickey CO salataead Scpractononie ejearerqurelfrexch sree bataial Garden Dead, {mzonoic eatgny sich as family gens and species for” Foret Resarh Ina Pi etn Feet toni ‘ection prpons. Kes we severly soayicain arg sata. + Uy Garden Darn + ern mana monograph mdcalousaesmeutier | CORI. cena Deg teen hte -Lasaon ‘ans freeing drips. They lsoelpin const Caz -Cennl An Za Rese nae wer ‘eatin Paracas hex scsntotahiat Chay Coop eens ea snd deitution fps pense. Teseprdetig ”— CMAP-C indienne pclae Manwaie {LADO sa ean nee _ausefl in providing infemation fr idntifctionofmames "yy ni Aesicaltre Research inst (Pasa Ist.) -Ne Stapantene nm Memeereecria iit. ta sta tetany (Neti anna coumny oa ten, Palast) Lichsow BS Learn More {The ICBN rcogiss several kinds or ypes, depending onthe way in which typeof specimen i selected + Bpespssinen ficrtriam tow) of ey diced pan should placed a hebrton eet + Stasi ofhabaram tet 11 316 nce. ‘Typespcimen (herbarium sheet are of diferent ype- ‘Holotype: Herbarium set a which hes erin olan ibaa, = Kéetotye: In ease tholotpe slot second herbarium sheet prepared em the egal lati alld ecto, ~ _ Newtpe: Ince holaype and egal plant iow then hrtartrn sh prepare fmm wns ae plano eck felled note ~ Syntype la as oloupe an origin! plants as then many herbarium sheet prepared lm many pans of sane species called syne ~ Totnes duplicate ofhokaype. In presence ofholcype end atari shet repre oe thecrignal plans called ite, ~ _aratype: Aiton trian shee wsedin the fst description of plat ical paratype: israel mn some the uncoame species having ste aris ‘The prctical purpose of lasifaton of ving organisms (@) eliate ettcatin of unknown organisms 2 Themest important feature oflliving systems to (@) ils oxygen o peerate ena (©) epleatethegeveticintrnation, (0) prods games {0 ilsslr eng formal cvs, “Theliving organisms can benescetoly iinet om the novi things a the bisa the abit or (6) interaction withthe environment and progressive ‘latin (2) responsiveness to toh {6}. growthand movement (@) repr 4. Thogiowhanderodutinn ae munallyeacisie een (3) Phnisealy (©) Auimaloly (6). Higheranimats and plans (@) Lonecorgnisms 5 Theaum otal fehenical rections occuring in ur bodys cal: (@) Menbatm (©) Homeasasis (©) isi (@) Catbaien 6 Which ofbe flowing statement is enrree? (@)-Oniylving orpnans row (©) Plants gro only p toa certain age. (© Thegrowth in ivingxgaismsis om nid, @ Alloftheabove 11. Whishobe allowing bological process o not operate ‘within the iespan os given argnisn? (@) Bithand marion ©). Growthand maraton (@). Metsbalim and exon (@)_Deconpostionaad mineaiaon 8 Grom. development and fnctioingofting sy isto @) Ove (©) Homesstsis (©, Metbotien (@) Adapation 9 Alanis om anil sini {@)_Prowpiasn (©) Vil cvs © Nasten {) Reproucsca 10, Choose an appropiate option ta complete the given Inpians, row akespaceb..srugboat there span, (@) Clidediireniaten (6) Cell ieenatcn (0) Calanlipention (8) Nene ofthese TOPICWISE MCQs 1H. Which st of organisms reproduc by asexual mode of eccitia epee? (eal Think Fron ag eter Creal Thinking (©) Earthen, bacteria and fing {@) Ha oh Aaeba and acteia (@) Fungi, amentors algieand protons of mosses 12, 1CVCNieanatérevited frm of (@) lofetational Code of Vis Nomeeltre (0) Inieratonal Code fo Vince Nomenelstre (© Intemational Code of Viral Clasifieato Noenclaure (@letratienl Code ofan in Nomeacttwe 18. Chassiftion based on xquencing of DNA and cemiat tre ofprotin is {@)Chemotssnony —— () Cyttaxencmy (©) Adansonia taxonomy (@) Karyinxanomy 14. Taxonamyrfes (@) Plntclasifeaon (>) Pantoomenctre ©. Panatinity (@ Allofthese 15, Practical siifcmno: of taxonomy is @) Chassifeation (@) Tounderand diversity (©) To understand evolution (@) enicatic of reais 16, "Tuna ifs fem "axon" de tein: {@) higher xonemicategory han an, () lower taxaonn calgary than tn (©) thepluel ofan. (@) thesinglar of x0, 17, nesoneny the ra tp i @)Wentcaion ©) Momence (0. Chsiention (Alias 18, Ned fara prope sytern ofclaifetion aris bseuse (@) thecrganlans othe past cannot be stad without i. (0) chafexdooelpin knowing herelaionhip meng. Ihedfrent gronp of cpniss (6) stisnot posible ty every organism, {@) All oft above 19, Thetetanon es (Nano ofe wecier (8) Name opens {@) Nameatty {@)_Ataronomic group ofan ra an. Thesystenmiearrangement ft scale Key {b) Tinney ©) Geneology {@) Hence 21, Whoisknowms Fater of Taxonomy’? (@)" Huey 10) Linens (©) Theophrasis (a) None ofthae ce 22, Tonomichicechyrfasto G) Stepwise arrangement of all categories for hsicatono plans and animals (© 2 group of senior taxonomists who decide the ‘menclaroof plans taceias (tof tants or ooops have werk on Taxenamy ofa species or grup. (@ lasifation species asd on us reso 28. Systematics deals (@)Casifeaton (8) Nenenlsre {@)_Evoluonny relationship {@) Placeslorien ‘The term "Now Sytematis”wasinrodad by: Critical Thinibng (0) Beatamend Hooker (b) Linseeus (0. tality (@) AtedeCandate ‘The iaxonomie sna of n orgs ean be changed by () Ansiony (6) Poysoloy (9. Merpholoey (@) Genetcmakewp Karoaxoncnysamdera ane of cscs which istased oa @). Organic eveuion (0) Characters ofetolasn 9) Characters of econo (8) Trinoniatnonenelnne “The see nang plans began wih paleo of Linnaeus book "____"-Citieat Thinking, (2) Genera plantarum (b) Syema nesrne © Specs plantarum (0) Chara samba Plantnomencitire means (@) to ghenameso plans without any ules, (©) omencatre plants under the intenational us. (nomena ofplansin oa language. (@_ nomenclature of plants in cng langage. “Animportant criterion fe moe dy slain (@)_Resmancesin morphology (©) Anatomia and pytologiat its (©) Bresdinghabis| (@)_ Presence o abione of notacord ines ancien (@) one ume piven by oo sites (©) onescentiioname cmsising ofa gneic and specie epibet (@twomes, one aie che of person, (6) twoname oe pnt Biostematcsaimsat (a) ieaifcaton and wrangeron of organisms on the ‘mss oftheir etlogical harass, the classification of orgasms based on Brod ‘maple characters eating various xa organism nd etishing theirrltondi sification of orpuniams based on their story andestaahing thee phylogeny nthe totality of vation parameter fol sof adie, 4, as, 2%. n. 2s a. ® ° o ® a”. ». a 2. s. & a Binomial nomencatr consists of (@) oneltin and ne vermclarname (©) onescintiicnameand one Latin name. (9. one genic and ene speci are (@ onescintii name andonevernaclar name ‘Binomial nomena as fit meron in the book: act Thinta (9 Syme renee alo @ Meera peer {3 Poop omen ot neato te rin i: @ a ©) abvevated rm (6) eter (@) Ether ta)e) TORN wae st eee @ 161 Os @ BR @ 0s ‘The tuchical mes ofogaitns ae givin ange: (@) Engst “(Lain (@) Frew (3) Geek Which ofthe fllowingisacerect mame? Tricky (©) Selon tborvir (0) Solan Tuber {© Simm eeronorLia (0) Allof te above ‘Given below isthe fot! mame of mango. Mare dhe ‘opin in which the ames ore writen (@) Mogaitera dia (6) Mangia indica (6) Mangere den) Mangiera nda ‘Scentifename Mango plans aera indica (Linn) ‘Stotapan, a toeaboye name Sntipn eet {@) varity ofmango, (b) ataxonomit who propos dhe present nomenclaie inhonoor ofLinsete (o)_sseenat who forthe fit tne described mango plat. (Ga scientist who changed the name proposed by Linnaeus and proposed preset mane asm rats eticname ran explo Critical Thinilng ()Autonyms (0) Tawonyms (© Synonyms (@ Homecyine ‘The tic unit ofclssiiction x @) Gens 1b) Species (9) Owe (@ Alleftnese ‘Group of ngaisms tht clos reamble ea ther and eal intron nature consi Tae (3) Species (0) Gens (2) Panly ‘Thepraccl puro of dasicationoliving rganisns {laden fuse pia () capaintheergn oftving organises (©) teeth evolution of ng organi (@) nanedelivingoremisns ‘Rosman uit efcesSeaon (@) Fanly@) Once (Genus (B) Species ‘Adison ie ered combining er G@) Orders) Familes (2) Clases (0) Tribes ‘Thesu-nae signifies therak @ uae (@) sib ibe (©) seeder (@) genus ‘Which ofthe flowing ise genta in characters as smpae to gems (a) Speier) Divison (@) Class (@ Famaly ‘(rhein won) “ ‘Ancepmnm sin these ls butnointhesame fy amy blogtosame ‘erties TH 6) Genss (Spaces) Waity 2) Order “Theceder genraliyends with” (ales (@ aceae © ewe (None ofthese “The Binds txonomiealy represent (6) Fanily() Order (@) Class (@) Phytm "The fly "Fli nls cas (0) Tiers (9 Lieas (@ alloftiee “Thetumber ofcomimon carers arethemainum ia sshich ofthe lowing exe? (a) Class () Over (©) Family (@) Phun ay the correct soqence of taxonomic eatepvies (@)Speries-nder kingly (0) Spoviesfmiy -genus-ass (6), Gene apeciee orders {Species genue-order- py ‘The charateric which define fail are more general than thse which define (a) Canis) Chass (6) Phylum (4) Cobar {Choc the eet sequen of taxonomic categorie. (@)order(enbort) lst > family» onus (0) cast) cohor—» fly genus {@) series->eahort-> family > gems {G) order veries> species > fly ‘56, Repost can oes witha member fe (a) species) genus (6) onder (0) Smily ‘hich of th allowing tesa ae not ed by ota (@) Kingdom order) Phylum & Fay (©) Suborder variety (Phylum & sb species Which ofthe flowing is‘Domin ten? (0) Bostein (0) Archacboeter (, Eatoctsie @ Pots ‘Thenaie Bie’ ond Horas tomo (a) Piyfumand Genus (@) Orderand gems {© Classand family @) Clas and species “Marke ol coe inthe flowing option designate: {@) Famay (Class) Taxon (@) Pan Tinnaea iach did aot have flowing tx {@)Geawsond variety”) Familyand Phylum {Claus nd species (@) Species nd vrety Which of he fllovaog is inloded in the seven base categories ofthe eae? (a) Tate () Verity (©) Family (@) Sexes ‘he taxon “Cohort” is used in between which of the faloming 9 a by Palcatolgits? Citcat Ting (0) ChrandOnder— ) Orernd aly (9, Fiat Ces (Kenge ‘Rete ay angen oy cme 1 tana (© anty (8 noms “ 7) Which the flowing i the aly txonomic separ thats real exbtene? (@) Kingiom (@Plyhm.() Species (©) Gems 6, Knanaulwihste generis spew sbepcenames (Man) Gerla (2) Rabbit (Elephant 67. “Thecaegony which incor rested ali i: (Clas) Pht 6) Order (@) Kingdom 6, Llnnace described 5900 spetes of plans pis book (53) and 4326 apces of enials a his bok "3 BW Phase Botnice, onera Plantarum {0} Speces Pantarum, Syiema Nanrwe (©) Stoma Naar, Species Platoran {@)_ Hina Nanas, Spectes Plantarum 68, ‘Which ofthe elloving shows the cowect example of tmronen elegy: Gate! catia! Thinking (6) Pesta tomato and big belong to Soma: (8) Henke, pri an gibbon areploosd i Namen {©} Solm Peta and Dar spaced a Solapace, (8) Maras nS ery and Ptr eo. ‘p, ‘The bilo! canoep ofspeiesis mainly base oe (2) Mompologel tars {8} Morphology and meod of eprsucion (6). Method of rpredtion only (@)_ Regrodutive walation ‘71. olga concept of kes proposed by: (@) Lissa (hy Maye 9. John Ray () DeCandoue ‘7 Wey te foleningthe oly ene at as: (5) Tinlm_ () Kingdom (@) Species 4) Gon 7. te anne eg i ee ne that * GO tereretmaychange, ___ Cittical THnkhg (0) eename doe na py nies {@)tesjecesmry havereveralconmnen names none lmenon name my bap wo pees (@ Allotthe above “rh. Who wa the ist a describe tht spaces is the wit of tlasifetion?| (a) Jon Ray ) Hoey (©) Linas {@) Canale 175, Which ofthe following covers the largest number of ergata? {@) Genes) Ondcr (2) Phy (Family ‘1. Sequncooftaxononicesteporsis: (0) Class ~ Phy = Tribe Order Family ~Genas— Spe ® © (@) Phytom Order Chas ~Tribe~Fomly~ Gens Species ‘71. The wanda sae of herbaria sheets is Critical Thinking ( 1steiese @ Iss 165 © 185105" (o 2s215 = 7, 7 trons 5. Wh ot fhe wings oma i fo (@)- garden wheremedcna plansare roy, ‘eae of plans nd animal tase iris © sxinevh htc a enn =o —_ eee (©) Monographs. (@) Catalogues: Glee ‘6. The bracketed keyin taxonomic identification provides: 79. The famous botanical garden “Kew is located in: ° ™ (tag & tatoo crcl Tinta ee ested in 0 rues aiectereer sree Te in gs eee al [— WiGee (© laren seo tot el Ufa (@) samesequne of carci in indented ky. 11, ihe vinta avin for the dentificntion of names of species found in an area? 87 ae ae ree {9 Norcent) Me (0 rst a opin, 2, Mederipttiehientnmeraniae 0 At ein ~ Sree meso seins (©) cither acceptance or rejection of both the option. fo key 9 ereertaireesciadedas seca 2 The herbarium specimen on the basis of which a new species (0 Theghcnns is described for the first time is called as: 12 Sosescee (@) Syntype (b) Holotype 13, ingen ethene pee a oem —, (9 one ee ei, 0 eS cepa taal! © eaemn cere ver nro re jes ee (© alow cso gna Oreo ems (@) they rovide natural habitat to wil 90. Classification sysems have many advantages, Which of ihc meme anen hcopenne Sint ses ey gs, hi Semiclamiconpisiamtoncayengos — Medmauv adage foe (©) Toca reo ones ori 0 me (© Totcpurononn apm naa ope (© Hetasim eee (0, Meeps (@ LEMERGISE-2] Picture Based MCOS 1. Cone ning tei. ety Bind A> Gams Fm = Ca“ PphinDon-» € (© Asma BO Cetin) A Spi Bed Kip © Astecerbints Coon (Speke barca 2 eke give guemndaer be etn, Wh fhe flving stint oe he ee (ees Ry | scription ofthe given figure? Wisastere ous of alles plant spines tht are thd, prose and preserved on hosts isa storehouse of specimens which re preservedin the container jr in preservative rltions, Nisaplace whieh is weiin providing infrmaton ‘entifcatonofnames of species ound in anaes, [None ofthe above © © © o @ EXERCISE-3| Statement & Matching Based Topi MCQs 1. Which wostaementsarknown a the win characterises ot gronh? Tacrtse ina 1a), Direction i) Ineeae numberof A) Respenseto simul ay anti ) danaivy © Gand (ase 2 Which ofthe flowing sareents regarding growth ie Incorrect (@)eeascin mas anncessin um findiial bretwin character of growth (©) Implants, promt el vison i sen only wp (© Growth exhibited by nontving objects i by Sceumlsion af mater onthe surtce (Amur ergni gowsby cel division 2. Shstibecoret stent ropa, Wreetanalercue deta chasis ofving ‘npn, @ Wsnet at ntusive desing characterising cng ( MisamalFinctsive defining characteristic of plats and fg aly. (6 Photopril ass reproduction in seasonal plant testers ons (0), Photoperod ait reprution in sasonal sods ‘oft plint apd anima (i) Photoperiod has notlein reproduction, Gandy, © Gandia “4 Meteo wth coon andl he cet anon tng the cade ven belo the aus. Pration of string BReprotction Compas of one or ‘marcela Metals In, Terese in mass and D. Calluacerganisaion ‘5 Mentfy hecorreet statements fom below { _Fatheroftoxonomy iJon Ray. (0), Homo soptens isthe sintiename ofan, id Ataxen sa proop ofa plano ails {@) Basicuni or lowest taxon eatgay i species. (0). Theft sepia taxonomy isang (6) Modem clasitetionisbasd on pyfogeny, (i Firstime nomial poneadiatre es ete aati GA, andG) (Gio (anid © G.Gi, mse) @)_ yi and 69) ‘Which othe flowing sateen are eorret? (Gomis comprises grap of lated pes (i) Taxon docs not represeat «taxonomic group of india, (a) Faly comprises group of elated gene, (Ge) Taxonomic etegory clas includes reed ores @) G@sGi). andy) and) © OuciHandi Gy ciandy ‘Whichor he llowingsaements regarding nomenclature (@) Genero nme ays begins with capil leer whereas ‘geciensne with sal ter (©) Science sou be peso satis, {©)_ Sect ame when hndtrten sou bundtine, @ Alletibe bore ‘Which ofthe folly statements regarding univer es cof vomenciatre incorrect? {@)" The fist word in a bnlogieal name represents the sons (©) Thetis word denoting he genus sts wih capita late (©) Bothtbe worn tsa ane, hen hand, sue sepmatelyundetined (@)_Boloical ates are general sn Gros and writen ilies. Mech ana itholantt sds the corectansver sing the eos given belo, Cohn Cala: (Common nan) (esrption) Two T Basic unicot clean Species 1. taxonomic grupo saya Pm ML Divison isthe same ‘ater in ese of plant, D. Genus ented tased ona umterofsisr lancer One ¥ Groopofrettes seceshaving more ‘Sarat in common vi thers species @ Vee Dane ©) ACMB-LC-vD-I:E-V (© A-WB-LC-ukD-v-E-1v (@ A-ULB-m,6-1V;“1;E-¥ 12 }— -(Biooay) 1A Whistling sna acren-me mp W'Atimnatcgspwennniiacesgnto —( AUIMD-ALE = ‘kel (mb (Meath fn pein nmi onD-w sermons oe en A (© Different clases compeising fish, amphibians reptiles, birds and mammals together constitute the Phylum 16 Mash colamn-{ with colata-l snd select the corr=t answer a So (® Pane Poi nas i ai tke Ce Cot Cenatte se Caracas noel ae” Raeattama —T— Coos a Scott ce Sorta 1 widow ace amy sthotyis te Tem woman oon con wer € mlNensde 1, te oars § Mia n_son © oo > Nom ome nee 1-1 © cm > hem OMome toot 12, Whidotite olovngeraninesisnotorectymuied (9 A-MEB-MEC- IDL piesa 17, Mihi ae sin pia 1. Mah ihn os susan ga eee ‘angaccns porta Sos = feuimgam ca ca on) See tas Tt i 1a, Snes ihe ae es ot enon ‘loge ne os Ctyamitan tam ‘ca these (Conon men) (Cara ctegoy, shart 1 titers aL egies i oan awe Pu Seimei ewe Senin Msc Generally setup in ‘coatou oie D tnlpiprk Nino naa crt : ee 14, "X* being « higher eategory isthe assemblage of fimilies agerogaes of ‘which exhibit afew "Y" characters: The "2" characters are amen compared to different genera included in B Key wath eet (@) X-Order; Y-Similar, — Z-Sinilar Scented (b) X-Genus; Y-Similr; —Z-Different basemen (©) X- Species; Y-Different; Z- Simiar bree (@ X-Class; —Y-Different; Z-Different ‘VIL Inches ollgetion 1s Mich ce etree ten _using the codes given below. sae, — — i ind cme) ammeter covets ome ‘ese Xie 1 Poaceae aa Ee i koran @ foc mh Sto fa Mime ‘The Living World 1% Math coun with lun and select teers anne wing the odes piven belo. ‘Clam Cane ‘ABest conservation 1 Cental ntonat Hetero BR Quickrefivalsystem Museum © Preserved plats and, Flea ‘ils Acct fbb and Royal Botanical ‘awibutonofpintin Garden, Kew @ AW, 19, Which one ofthe flowing statements is not correct veyuing wacnamic aid? (@) Herbarium hoses did pressed and preserved plant specimens (0) Boxall guden ave colleton of ving plat ae refrnce (©) Arms a calleson ofpotographs ofplants and ‘imal (@ Kay is sed forthe idenitcaton specimens. a, 3} ‘Study he flowing inten rgading the preparation ‘other shots and answer the estan. {© Plant shouldbe colon lowering tags i) very dea regarding the plant sich as Lcaiy, ological conditions, vegetative and oral characters, ‘shold Ye note, Plants are evenly peesed by unfolding al he plant ats beeen bloting papers foe nevapapes) th Theblp a pant reser © i) Bloting papers sod not be change oni he plant es thi. (0) After ying, th plant specie scarey mounted ‘sted on the heer shat ‘Tachetariam shes abled onthe oer ight band ner representing henner plant specie dite felt, Which athe se statements ae ot eoreet? (9 @oaly 0) Gvoaly © Gai © Ginanae o) @ EXERCISE-4| Assertion Reason MCQs| ‘Directions: These quetons consist of semen, ech printed ae Assert and Reason, While anewering thee ucts, you are requiel to chose anyone ofthe flowing te ® ® © @ ‘eagonses {fhot Aston and Reason are comet andthe Renton score expaaton oe Asseton [What Assrtion and Reason are correct bt Reason at Acorrectexplanaion oie Assertion ie Assertion ict bat Reseon encores. bath the Assertion nd Reon ae incre Assert ‘Remsen: Syma and ano have seme meaning 1 Amertan: Meabolinm refers tothe sum of chemin Festons that osu hi ving oganien= Reason: Metabolic ection occur simulancouy inside Fivingorganisns 4. Asertion One ofthe defining popes of living ognisms ‘Renson: Haran being the ony organi hats self 44 Auserton: Reproduction cannot be refered as defining, oper roan Reavon: There are some ving orgeniam that do aot reproduce emul, worker be, fet hunn. ce The sence flashing rganiss is called s 1. n, ‘Assertion: A living organism is unesceptionally ‘dierent om non ving suture on eb oF responsiveness. Reason: Reponsetostimol it deting pepeyoflving vxgiis. ‘Asertion Togvessietifename plant, thre isICBN, Reaen usr artcls,phatogrphsendrosimendatons ‘onmme plan. ‘Amertion: Spematcie eine asthe sence overs, ‘ferganians in evoltionary context ‘Reasons acoder catioship betwen rgeisns “Aserton Nev names tinea aamencatrc rede fromtatnor areata Remon atin sa eshmcal logue ‘Aseria Bah wir opty detinedntioosa teeta Reason: Underining indies tr atin orig Hees to dy al iving are grouped into categories in flan, [Asertion Phylogeny isthe developments feces, ‘Reason : Spies is th tsi unit of wxonomy. ‘Amero The spose epraducivay soled ata population, [Renan : Prokcyte cannot kept nde diffe species nthe basis of eproutive lation istry of Ss Assertion: Living erganisnsshowintrnal growth 4 13. Assertion: There are some similarities botcen ests aad 17 ons [Rewon:Catsanddogselongtothe sae fly Canidae. 14, Assertion: Onderisataxonomiccategorythtincadesone 18 crn ener Reason: Allth una an rer have seme imi estes andorra charters 8. 1S, Asertion: Fora catainsthe actual acount habitat and Dies > Serene risen -Spermtaphyte(22 ain) Died it aes Diaotedaae panna Noman (iste) Cam tet Sten ahs Paya 4 at) Camopete fein) ‘Masai aii) ‘repens "ie de Nope Flowchart 2.2: Casiiationofspermtophyta by Benham and Hocker Biological Classification » KINGDOM MONERA “Moners is considered the most primitive group of” roti oer irre ces prenn them. Throne ol icapale oF fertrmingal enter ionerans re mes abundant of al organisms duet ‘esa oferrhabat seated tha asin drop ‘fate contain 0bilion bacteria ‘ones ae mpotant dcamposers and mineralersin ‘heblespbere Monera (Mona - single) includes prokaryotes. They are ‘ppl unielularormnems (bt ce grap i yeti. ‘The gendicmaterl naked cresarDNA, stents by uc envelope Ribosomes and simple chromatophores ate the only ‘ebalaar organs nthe ytopham, The ibs are “70S. Mitochondria, plastid, pel appt, ores, Abe, eps ete spire tie Sol Aetna, ‘Steet Eatin saad Pa ee ele, ta ) - Str cture of Bacterial Cell ‘Capsule: I ge nero bats lim capt is restr the cel wal iscomponed ofp ‘nthe niognas sulsiances (amino es) areal inden. This slime her bosores thik and called as ‘apne. The haters, which fom caps ae cll ‘opualaed or vient hacterla. The caplet ud in praste farms, Bacar arcs, Dipococas _preumanie, Nicobar bers, ‘Cell wall: Al ceria ells recovered bya strong. gk call tall. eis made up of pobencharidex rtens ond lipids Theretive they ae cls ve plant Inner ‘heaps el wali present Inthe el wal otkactars, there are to important sugar dknatves Le, NAGand NAM (aoe gies and Neavtyl murimic acid) and besides Lo D -slanin, Delamic aid and danepensi ai oral and sume stint once wal is thine sti and ‘rently or sesvelypanelermenorane allows to pass selective substances sich av sug, amon cis ‘cro i tiscomposed oflarge mounts phospholipids, otis and some aman of pyeccharides ft ack ‘ols ts characterisad by porestng respiratory Ctoptum: Tecyepsm sa comple se ates id or semifuid groand substance (matrix) consisting of ‘arhobydrts, soluble ratsins, enzymes, eo-snzyy vitumins ips, mineral satan mate ae The crane natin clo sats ‘Thee ranulr de to presence fa larg numer ofibosmes. Riser in cern ar ed the frm ‘of polyribosome. Membranous organelles such as Imitochondria, endoplasmic reiclutn, gli bodes, Iysames and vacuoles re abst In se poy Sacer, th plans membrane gives isc lp eal thylakoids which ae ih in bacterioclorphyls and prin. [Needed : Nuclei ian ireguly shaped region ha ontsnsall or osfthe penetra. tials know 2‘ genophore, naked notes, Iniiea nuclews Ther nile nue DNA wich dutta and eeu is sounded by sme pel protein plying) ut ok sone reins. lslones (base proens are altogether sbsentin bacteria Plasmid Tn adition tothe nam DNA chromasoes, nay actra eg, col avec chroma gn ‘lenentsc€ DNA, These clement ae eile plasmids Pass are smal ear dol sanded DNA recles whch reps ndependoy minting independent ‘enisyandmay cary some importa genes Pasi em va given by Lederberg (1982) Sine plasmids ae integrating int the bacterial DNA chromosome elle piomes. ‘There are 3 type of plaids ~ Fftor ori factor: is eponsilrrnsir ofaeoctcmster ~ Refactor or rettane fat gain drops. ~ Calieinogente factor: produces colchicine wich [etl acters Bagel Tae ine, dete, rami ‘ppenages wich exten tro the cell wall ante sline lnerofthe tapelisted tart calls Theehelp baci sim aout in eiguit medu ‘Bieri goa rhe most rive fall nti rpms. ch i compesed of sage hin ora aginst 912 Sela structure of enkarotic ells. The Magli ‘composed catty af gen prot, + Pilon Fimbrie : Besides Mages sme ny o all ‘ike growths ee presen on baci el uri These af cle pian remade up of ii pre. They smeaureabou 0.52 pia length and 3 Spina Fimbria ke part in atncment ie balding the bacterin sold ste Sones pacts canagaion canals though wich DNA & Learn More Gramstaning ‘+ Thistechique was iatroducad by Hans Chitin Gram {in 14. isa speci ectmiqu which suse toca teria. imo two. groups: Gram ive and (Grom-ve. The bacterin are sand with weakling soliton oferystal vie. The sin slg ace is "hen treated with DS percent iodine sluion which is flowed by washing wth Water o selon or 95% thy steal + Thcktria which retain the purple tain are called as Gram‘ne, Thos nich become deaouried and appear Inte color arecalled as Gram. In pve ell fun retactera havesinplerasturess compares ‘Grum-ve bacterin col isa Gram ve btm rat negative bacteria cn essen with ber stan saan, + Gram positive bacteria : Bg, Preumococens, Sirepocnecs. Staphylococcus, Bails, Clason, Mseabactrtn, Sreptomyees, + Gramneguivebaceia: Eg, Slnonla Paslemonas Eschericha, Haemophile, elleobacter brio, Bizbiun, [Nutrition in Bacteri + Onthetasizofmad onto, bacteria ar raped inte ie {broad entegres - atrophic od etre bacteria. a + Aitrophic acteriaareable to yhesise heir ov fod {fom norpanicibsanes,sgreenplintsda Tc cuton ' dived from carbon dixie. Te hyogen neal! to ‘ede carbon to pani fem cote Eom oper Hy HSN + Hetororopie bacteria cannons thir om orgie Sd, Theyare depot om external organic mts sad ‘eur alesst on organi ompound ara source af eabon fe tiie gronth and energy + Teerotrophic bacterin ae of three fypet- parasites, saprophytienodsybients. rai bacteria liven const withthe ving beings fox ean nowishnent or speci argame compounis reid fr growth + Saprophyte bacteria cliving tacesa which sin fo fiom orgie ean, eg, animal excel, len eaves, vegetables, + Symbic bacteria ven manually beneficial asncition ‘wiht organisms Eg, ol ARCHAEDACTERIA + These are the most ancen bata These bac ae peda since they live in sre ofthe mst rsh habitats ‘och ae extreme salty areas (halophies). ot springs ‘llwall sirvtre aed his feature is reapooible eth + Inhale, purple pigmented membrane coming ‘wctennrodosin i developed in snl which ules okt nergy foe metabolic eivies, e, Holobateriam tnd Halococee. + Thermoneiopies ae aerobic bacteria and have the capty to attize slp 0 H,S0, thigh enperature ‘nd high aig, Sufbolu and Thermaplam, + -Methanagens are pesnt inthe gts of several ruminant thinnest sows andes and hey areresponsble fr the production of methane (oss fom the dang of these animale + Methanogens aie in presence of oxygen, Hence, they can te found in evar and mares in which all xypea is ‘onsimed. The typical sme! this area is due to the ‘roduction fens Es. Meshal, Tics "HUDACTERIA CIRUEBACTERIA) "Theo are characterise bythe presence frigid ell al _bctriaareiffreniatl fom arcoeapinarilybsed ‘on chemical composition of cellular constivents. For ‘rample cv el walle re compost pepsin ‘hough tere are examples oftacteria that lack ell walls) ‘wile aichaca cll wall are composed of protein ‘arate loc cllelpewopepideyan other ieee + entactern are moti (Ecol. gsm. pot protein flags, i present. The Nagel rata ike = propel fain, + Some tater alo contin very nese eppendaps oo thecal surfs and ae calle pi They help bates in ‘sen epoduction a ia pathogen 0 atach es yenobacteria “The eymotctra are ucla colonial er filaentos, ‘marine terrestrial slope. The colonies ae generally ‘rounded by eltino beth, They fen fem Hoos in plated water bod. Someo thse panies con fx toons dagen inspec cls called betrays, a) $$) +The cyobacei (alo refered to a5 blue-green gn) have chlorophl similar to green plants a Photceymhtienroh. + Cyanobacteria reprodice asexually by Ms fragmentation. Sexual reprodacton tally absent cone se Fig: Nao (0) Almont embeded in common sheath (@) Portion enlarged sheath (Neue lament Chemosynmeti¢ Autotrophic Bacteria + Cheiosyihetic autotrophic bacteria oxidise various Inorganiesttances eh anita nies and ammonia nde the ler energy for tha ATP predtion. + They play great rol in eyeing mints ike nitopen, shone fon and el Heterotrophic Bocterio + Heteratophic bars re ost abundant in satr. These tact ae lrgely eponsblefor the proses of panic ft decompiton, Many of them have a significant taocton burn fi, They seep sn making curd ‘om mil, praso faites, ing nivopsn in egune + Some are pathogens casing damage o human beings, ‘tops, frm animals and pt, Chole, fphoi, tenes, ‘ito canker are wll kag caer eed by iixent tetera + Waters reproduce may by Sion, Soetines, unser unfavourable conditions tne poface spore. They as produce by # at of sexual epodoction by ating 8 Prittie typeof DNA transfer fom oe bacterium othe ihe Mycoplasma + Themyoplmmt re oranims tht completely ack all ‘val, These ve the salt Using els Know and ean turvive witout oxygen Many myeolataepaoenic Innit and pans + Unitmembrine made up otporoein ‘The genetic material single, nea, double stranded molt of BNA. tht near envelope (Q tearm more Diseases caused by Mycoplasma + Mycoplasma hominis causes plewropneumoais, inflammation of genitals and eadoctrditis, ef ‘Mseoplama prermoniae cases PAP primary pial eumnona),hemorhaplrmpts ee Mpa omens and M- hominis casein as Ine (alarmation mie). + Abeoplasma mycoides causes pneumonia ia ate ‘Mycoplasma Bovigenitalam caves inlsination of eutals in animals. Mycoplamsa agalacio causes Sealutn ofshosp and got *+ Connon mycoplasma diseases ofplant ate; Buch ‘epofpapaa, witches room of leeune, allow et sftcbote, ripe dseasasiarcane ite laos, lover phyla ig ho fonts KINGDOM prorista + Prost isthe kingdom oF unletiareukeryoes excep ean reenale) Thing vas eeated by Hace ine. + Allsingecele eukaryotes are placed under Poti, bat ‘heaves this kingdom ae ot wl defined + Menters o procs are primarily aquatic This Kingdom ‘ts asa conecting ink betwen manera and kingdoms Tike plants smal nd fang + Being cuajtes, the protistn cl kay contnins a well, ied nucleus and ther membrane Sound ost, See have ipl cl + Prost maybe photsythats,hoorophi, sprotopic, parwiticand symbionts. Some hve mixatephc msstion (Golotrophi * speeic) The photosytbec, Noating rots are collectively ale phytoplankton. The fee Sostng, holozoie protezoans ate toletvey termed zooplankton + Prost repre asexually and sexually by process volving sion and yee fin, + Unicel pois have bee oly divided ito thee mar groups ~ Photosynihete pratt, dnetapllaes dats, glen Consmerprotis:¢, sine moalsor mony, Protozoan pratt e, zougella,srcadin, porto, clita ‘+ Mots aes nto Chrpsophyes,Dinfagelats, uglents, Slime moneandPretacans ‘cHRYsoPHYTES = Theyare plant ie prt tht nef in marie and treshwater environments which rf ow in Sst ~ There are theee main types of chrysophyes Aton (baeilarapt},glden-brwn tke ‘esis (crysaphyeene, and yellow-green tgae (eantopiyene. —wsIvI™ rr ‘Thay ae found in tosh water aswell asin marine nvroieets. They are mireseopi and paseo ater caren (panko. ‘The reserve fed material is oi nd plyaesharide- rysolaninarian (or laces) atoms heel walle woth overapping sel, which tegeter asin sea tom, The walle ar embed With lic aed ths, he wall are indestructible. Thos, irs have et being ge arc fall al depots inthe habitats ceurnation ove lis of yer is ‘elrad toa dlatamaceow earth ei ity this ‘ed in polishing lation of ils and syrups Ditosarethe ele "prodacer nthe oceans. DINOFLAGELLATES ‘Tse oganins are mostly marine nd photosynthetic. ‘They appear eo, green own, be or ed Gepending cathemainpigmenspresetin heels The cl wal bs Selatan plats onthe outa ren Mas ahem have we fagells on is longi snd {he other transversely furrow etme the wall plates, ‘Very often, red dinoflageliates (Example: Gonyanlas) undergo sch rapid mulspletion tht hey make the sx Spero ts) Tose by sc lage uma tmayeven kil oer marae animal ch ihe. “Thereserve fod material estore in fresh water forms ‘delim mavine forms Dinofaelatsreprodoc sexually tough cell vision ‘or bythe nation of nopors aa cyt Tf sexual reproduction occur, itis loogamous oF nivgarous, Two cells conjugate by a cojagten canal where the to abosbeid gametes fet form a dipld _yg. Lifeeceinvaveszypotic mins ez, Cram, Gimmodinum eee gamete mens (ee, Noches). Fig: Dinoagtacs {UGLENOIDS Evgenoisar more advance than be gree alae fom ‘evaltonary plat of view, For they havea definite cay Stained noeleus andthe chlorophyll is net scattered _stanules bts losis in cloepast in ihe plant, ‘Mj often re sk water cepsnins and sagan ‘These rts ae devoid of cetaas cell wall Thebxyis ‘overeby thin and exible pli + Though they ae photosyatheiin the pesnce fala, en deprived of sunlight they behave ke betetophs ty predating ther sar organisms. Interesting the gins of eagenids ae etal Yo these preset in ihe plans, Example: Evens, + They ave two Maplin short and long ane. The two Angas inh caches sling call paralgellr body. An orange redenlouredeyepot orsign sented ithe so age atachedtohemenbeencof re ‘tthelevel ofparafagsar by They conti ed pies ‘stant, Dat paraflgllar body and ee spe as Photoreceptore and direct the orgasm towards the ‘pana igh “+ Sexual repredoction has not yet been definitely proved Under frvoursble conditions, euglenoids multiply by longitaial Har Boa + Bnglonaea connectinglink beeen animal and plant. Eugene ‘SLIME MOULDS: me Slime nul (bo allodmy mye) ae eberpho ‘odsaprepite ptt idly distin a shady ees, + Thetoyovesolog decaying tvpsan eves ngling ‘enemies Ce itl contons, beyam an geen ced Phsmadem sich my gwd senders Dating vatavorsbie conditions, the plmodiom dienes ons king bles eating sexe at tit The pcs poses rs walt. They acre) ‘cSt and saver many yes een ude aden Condos Te present yi creas «Stine ee twotyps adr sndear Acellular (Plarmodial) Slime Moulds + Acetate mould commonly gow as in masses 00 (arp paces ich in dead and decaying organic mater, + The smite phase dpi and consis of fe living ‘cganie mater with mltinleted props called asad +The plumdium showy streams oe plides over decaying ‘ani mater ting ot buat Hge ke pseadopoaie ‘Showing amostad movement + Thay alin aturb dsolveaeaniesubsagees fom the bart showing petopicuaion + Underunfiourbl nditns the planneum contacts tnd gat orrownded by thick Boray wal, scaled ‘lero, + Pc plasmodium pron asexually bythe frmaton of seve il sealer ald, igh ore pang + Themtimelened propia ofsorangium cleaved prodoea lage number os uninuclestespores. Cellular Slime Moulds ‘+The celular ime moods oxews in the frm of bpd sminsleted, ke (without call wall) call covered by Plasine membeane, Tee cells recalled myzamecbae or frarmeelle + Themymamosbac move ely wih the help of amecid ‘movement and phagotopic or hlezoic ution. + Thy grow and vid 10 form a large population of ‘nde + Underverse cnitin, myamodta scree rigid ‘elluose wal for the scoyat Mireyt oration ‘means of perennation PROTOZOANS + Prono, the thie -nrecope eukaryotes and perormed all he bloga ‘ctivies ike molctalar animal Sothe are termed as "aclu" organism, proposed by Dobel + Prooaane were st ste by Leuenboe nde name protaos was coined by Golds. + Shady protnzcans known ae protozolny + Protease wali coamopelian mt mirseoi, Agus, teresa, fee living (Amoeba) ot pars (Crasmedhon sitar ocloial Proterspongt). + Body eel of ergtnistion of prtozoans i protoplasmic love Kons ofuniniceat or muliuceatepretplca ray naked or same have bay bounded by delicate ‘monaneor fm ple etl sel In groupe ‘trotnsa CxCO, sin sels xoseleton i found 5g Radilavian group Fruminiron sou. + Nabe use vary om anetomany Fe show nuclear

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