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Ltd. polenta cut ct ists ————————————————Classroem 2M Study i “AM Package BIOLOGY Module - 5 in fzro Body Fluids and Circulation 537-564 Excretory Products and Their Elimination 565-594 Locomotion and Movement 595-624 Neural Control and Co-ordination 625-665 Chemical Co-ordination and Integration 666-696Trend Analysis AIPMT/ NEET 2 " 8 7 6 5 4] . ! 3 2 1 ° Number of Questions 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019, Year Chapter Utility Score tk + Grculatory pathway, caine 2 geleanddoutlecreuiation | 45 aINTRODUCTION oa iia Bi an win anand typhi i ete + Baty nd ae genrayinvived with the procs of tramp exereon or ston. + Greton of by Muda ft ype-nrctiar seiestaceniar esaton + Insel ctlton cess nie the cl dhrogh «else uci rans ik Promoasan vein 8 + tessa resin es nie bo cle ‘srs et ener by be tape + Shc which wasp sterile mre, ges Bomone the ar piso tsb sn oe satan fom hoyle sKnowms enor 1 Shvatcscusty axe cat nga 2 Faerafanglg inte + Thewhde aelnentom sgt erento totter iyrnrswal edceion ond e Ine of ad ve wal eta cera! in en Boop lod ex Mid connective tse dat circles thongh the her arteries, expla nd veinscarying trons and oxygen tthe body calls * Blood measures about 5-5. litres in an adult man ontiting 305% oft each BLOOD COMPONENTS * Blood consists of plasma (id) and blood cells formed demens Plasma + Plasmaie recolour, viscous Mud consisting ney 58 yor cent of boo. 90-2 per cet fps is war and prtcinsconibating 8 perce oft * Plas contain three major lasses proteins bine, slbulnsand buns, brnagens ar needed er eating expulsion ofbes Pla consis slots nner ike Na, Ca™, Me" ICO," Cre. Glue, sino aids, pis, arelopesent inthe pls a they areas in rani ‘he body. Factors or eagulation or lating of od re slso presen nthe plasma in an inctive fem, * Phsna without the ating Factor ical ser, Plas finetons in — ean = tony immity ~ prevention of ea oe = tetenton of lid in Hod ~tmainenane of Hood pl nfo diribuion ofall over the bay. “able: Dilference between bo pasa sn bao rum [5.86] vient [wwe | 1 [eal patof [sii oesed eerie ater toad ck 3 ite ae yelowis —]ie pa pews et ctu I [eons capuncr [cts comoarls oa Sinope. lord cope aes prt cling] doe oo kp ntact Blood Celle * Bod ells ae of three types: erythrocytes, leucoeys and platelets. These conti ary 45 pr cont ofthe oot oytraetes + Rethroeytsor reso eR) rte mt abundant fal he cells in bod. + ress of RDC tion scl erythrepoke(carmpea ia hows + hath dt man has, onan average, $ milion tas nilloasof RBC mn fb + RBCsureformedta thered bane marron thea *RDCsarelrgemicropic els wit mein ms rept come and ama and ate bomen in ahape + Thesehavea ved colored, ion eontning comple protein called hemoglobin, bene the colour and name ofthese al + Alea individual hs 12:16 gms ucmoglbininevery 100 ml blot These malecules playa sigaficant le Awansport of respiratory gases. An apparitis named Innemnoglbinometer is wed to determine the haemoglobin ‘xen of bond. + RBCe ave a average lf span 6 120 days ar which ‘hes ae dstrayen the spleen graveyard of RC) and ‘Kupfer oa he er + They ate destroyed bosause they mst contin change shape passthrough narrow Hopd vessels, When they Aetheaemorlobin ie stord in the liver and sed to make new blood ell inde be marr. The rest tht not lores converte into il pigmentsFigs Redonda showing membrane andhnemoglain Punetion of BBC = Onjeeniranpetin he lod fom thelugsoalthe ‘all and ties of body = Regulating the eid - base ba eventing large changes in ‘ist ith he eansort of irbon (IV) oxide fromthe ‘ise to then. nce of blood, thus Gp toe More ‘acmoglobin, in anh, i disolved in the plasms teense of tacae of rod blood corpuscles. In male and americas, dileret esprit, Inemocyenin i found dissolved in de plas. Tit ment is ih du to presence of copes in place of ESR: Iriel envoy sedimentation te Tiss. ‘amensured by “Winwobe be" and "Wester ting” ‘mato hi the ate ofsinking/tng down of RBC in ‘he plasma to frm eouleaux. Man has lover ESR as ‘emparedto women ants owetin new born. Neral ‘aloe ESR nae mando ae {0 min ‘thou Arie in ESR dons the presence ointve! enue inlamatory diseases RRCsof rg Amphibian RBCS largestmongst the ‘vertebrates Thor of pane ad Provenvare rps mong aphitians about $2 pn). These are ated tnd ra, ici, but slightly iconvex de toa large ‘ral and cntalyplced miles [RBCS of mammals: Manmals hove smallest RECS amongst he vera, Tose of musk er aes “mongl the mammals, whereas the RBCs of other ‘errs are val ad nactetd hee of marae ‘oughly ciel (exc those ofthe amily eel: ‘tl lamas, demedais which are oval nse) ‘nd on-eletd [ROCSef tama: They seabo 7.4 in dames ands tienes um Wipe yell ut appear fo be ed ingroup Suri res ofall RBCS of x person foals abont 150 2000 ines these are th aly ine Low ects [Lescocytes, leo know a white bod els (WDC), are ‘colourless de to the lack of haemoglobin. WBC are etd andar ei ese inrumber wichaversges 00-8000 mm oon. Laxey ae generally short lived Thelife spn oft lod cls ranges 131020 agfler which hey ardestoyein thematic sytem. “Two main extegrie of WBC are ~ granulocytes ond ‘fgranuloye, while lymphocyes an monocytes nthe granules ‘Netropi ilobo cew are the met abundant els {60-45 per cen) of the total WHC and basophils ae the least (05-1 pron) rang then, [Nearopis and manseytes (68 pr cn) are phagoytic alls which detoy focgn organisms entering the body. Neatrophils ae the fet in f defence when infetion strikes. “Monocytes ae the largest amongst al types fewest with rounded ales They havea louger lifespan han {oany white God cells and lp ore dow bate ‘Basophils secrete histamine, serotonin, beara, ee, and rcinelvedin inflammatory recon. exiophils (23 pot om) ar motile phagocytic els, es infos andar lo ssoaed with alee reactions. “They ar presen in high concentrations in the digestive Lrapbictes (20 ~ 25 percent) ae paced in spleen, ‘oni, bd ophnvs, Theyare the smallest othe white ond ets Lymphocytes consist of three main types: cells (Ciymphoeytes) and nara ler ells, vbich oh lp ott asia vil infections and can dtc and destroy ‘Some cancer cells nd B calls (B lymphocytes), which ‘evel int cll at produce antibodies, Lymphocyte re vee in he immune system, wih cells being resonable for diet killing many foreign invaders B lymphocytes (Bel), ia cntast tothe tes, fav responsible fr humor moni (in cones 6 the on pei immunity of other white Hood el). They produce the aotibdies tht "emember”an fection and an vey in as the Bay should be expr fymptoytes ply the main role in he efcacy of the rnjpity ofthe current vaccines bt sme cases (i uberis and peruse vaccine), hmphoetes are loo veryimpertanesp Pattee + Mallets a cal hrembuetes cal granted ‘ommenlaneyts (pec ealsinthe tone maro4} Blo oaly conti 150,003,500 ple Platelet re nn-mucleted. + Platelets ean release vaio ubtnoss mast of which re involved in the cagulation oe loting of ood. A eduction in thee umber ean Ie och ores ich wl at excessive fn of lad rn the body * When the umber pnts iso lo thrambecyopenn, ‘euisingandatacemal ending becom moe iy When ‘henunbofplatles sic high hrombucythe), lod may cla excessively easing a ransen schemie stack, ‘When the number ofplatktsisextenelyhih, the pat ‘anahsb lotingprsinsand aradoccly cause ig. + Plates haven fe span af9-10 days (abouta eck), BLOOD GrouPs ‘lod groups are special charateristiesfblond in bans nd related primates de 4 the presce of genetically onto antigens and antibodies ‘Two types of Bad group are-ABO grouping & Rh rouping ‘ABO Grouping ABO graying (wn the rst edna is basen the sence or absence of two site ages (hana at a nde mune espe) onthe RECS nly Aan Sinise incon oma nods (tins prod ia espana), ‘ABO bod grouping system in hora was discovered by ‘Kar Landline in 1901 + The ABO antigens are developed well bere bith and remain thoghout ie + Onthetasisofthe reaction’ mankind are dived into four _roups, A B, AB, O. Same people were found to hve'A antigen some had Band some had bth A and Band seme Indneiter Aor Bantigen ‘Whee vo dierent bod groupe are nts antigen fn reacts with th antibodies (agluinin which ats 4830 nthe) of beter he the RBC simp with one anther ‘Theclumping ofROCisknown st apgltinaton, (weer) — Table: ABO Hood group and dana compatibility ‘Blood | Antigens ‘Donors | Reeders ] Group | en RCs Group | Group at « ‘a0 | AaaB Be no | Baas AB | AB |i [Abamo| AB o [Ne [aan | 0 [Oana] * Group" bod an be donate operas withany ser blood group and ence "group india ae cll ‘aniversaldonere. + Persons with “AB” group can sce loa an persons ‘wih AB aswell asthe other grops of ond. Three, Sch persnaare call unieral recipient Rh Grouping ‘Thovmate ner other petra in the Hood hat may eng stout aggltination under catia conditions. The moat import of hee is Rh fcr * The Rous (system as isoere ia Ress monkey by Landsener aad Weiner in 1940. Antigen, the Rh antiga similar ine presen ia Rhesus ‘monkeys (hence Rs) sobere on thereof RACs af ‘majority (earl 80 percent) eras. Sec nil vee Rpstive (Rr) andr in who thsi, ‘Saher arcade negative Rhee) + An Rha pason, if exposed to Rive Beod, wil om specific antibodies gait the antigens. Teter, [Rh group shoud sb bematehed before traastsions + Rhfsctr dosn't diretyafethaman health Homer Rh factor becomes impetont during eernancy + Aspecil case of Rh icampatbiity (noatching) has teen observed between the Rove Hed a «pregnant mater with Rhtve Hood ofthe fs Ir yomaa i Rvnegtiveand er bys Rpt ten fe woman's ‘wy wll approach the Rh-pative protein as osign jes, iter immune tem is expe ot. This mea that fod ells em the baby cree bootresn (rig regonne, lou, sd dtivery immune yan of tee ill make antibodies against tas ral lo ell. Rh igens ofthe fet donot ge exposed tothe hve ond fthemother inthe Ket repnncy a thetwo Mods are wel separate by the placenta, However, daring the evry ofthe fist child here is a pastaiy of expcure ‘ofthe maternal lod tsa moun ofthe Rh ve bla frm he ots. In such cae, the mathe start eparng toads senna Rhin er lod. Incase her sutsequca ances fhe Rh antibodies om the mater dre) ct Teak int the Blood ofthe fet (Rh) and destoy the ‘otal RBCS. Thi can fend to alte anti nthe {my In severecas, an inateria lod anion or the foetus maybe requed to ore the ania, This enditn is led erythroblasts otal This can be {voided by administering ant-Rb abe othe moter Immo thedtvry ofthe frst hl.— a $$$ COAGULATION OF BLOOD ‘loud coguls in response oan injury o eau i {he cating of blood tthe ste of Injury to prevent tcoorhage on damaged blod veel ‘Aco (dark reds brown seu) fred mainly of swe othe cl briny wih dead and raged fixed elements of bled ar taped Flrins ae med by the conversion ofiactive ingens {nthe lam ye ens hob. Thoin, naar farmed fom tother tative aubtnce present i the ‘asa calle print. ‘At enzyme comps, thremboklaase, is required forthe ‘hove recto, ‘hiscanple famed ai oflinkd enzyicresions (cascade proces) invalving number of ators preset in {heplasm in aniasctivestate “Anions stimulates the plies the odo {ele evan facts which ciate the mechanism of ‘ulation Caleimions play’ very important role incoting “The ine taken for nor loo ting varies 410 ‘Vitae Kies for normal lating. Is give to» tow torn child medintly afer the livery fein ‘ting fad othe ambi cor. A newborn bay has tow lees of prouombin a clot fcr due Yo low ‘apaity to synthesize cating factor compounded by sefcieneyo tain Blot lak Pal 3 Twomtontesi (opel tonto) uyMPH sit cols interes Did pesca teen the ells of sue) hat colts threo the ‘praise Exchinge of natin as, between the Hood 30d {cells alwnys rer ough mph “The yng syste i 0 network of guns lymph nodes, lymph det, and yng vessels that make ano ph fn tisves tothe lgeteam. The enphSytem 63 ‘major part the ody’ mane system. “Thelymphtic eel (rym vessel lymphatic) ae ‘hin-wated vests (bes) atuctured ke od ves, hater bm [As part ofthe lymphatic sytem, lymph vessels ae ‘opment (the cardionsculr sytem, COMPOSITION OF THE LYMPH Tymph caine varity of abetnces, including pens (Gurin, plboln and vinogen, sls, elas, fy, Ale (49, white Boe eal (ympactes) and thes ‘ostitentlie reaiine, wen, eyes, anibotiest. Eyeyts (i tool corpse) and pai are scot intymp, FUNCTIONS OF THE LYMPH ‘yap act ‘od teri hormones, 10 thebady el Carton doxie and oer mtbolie wastes, am te ‘ls tblood andthe nly poste sunt tbe ens ‘ten ir sein ointaining the composition of ame id "Rdg ivaing the entry ptogencinetions caused tyme ‘stain toring te is om he nal intestine (ates reset in then ili trough mphati vests [Kn elbarate acworth vessels elects thi id Saitek othe mar veins. “able: Differences beeen frp and blood 1 [Rec fae ais seer 7 [Boot pees ae (aie tan Vit in I jac een ‘the lver) me Ales jeenerally nionen oa 700 ‘son ‘my ee fa eet rset ation 3 aenss? —JAbuin> | Afumin= iin —_Jcubuts——_foutin orn in rend Jrirwosen [oor lass wep RC le oe : ‘ofl om lean Ee { 7 |Bresibn of — Two way, he [One ys ac aheonbin ne Josue nd issues {Sesotidemeave tae a eave eats 3st — ost few ‘Gevoundbesin) 10 fens, reese Mor rote oon loting asd cosCIRCULATORY PATHWAYS. +The cirelatorypaterns are of woes pem or ocd + Allverebrates poses a muscular chambered srt * Fishes hae @2-chamborad heart with an atm and ‘vetil. The hei called vemos heart since pumps eaejgented Wont gl or oxygenation, This boc a0 dest fom gills owseal ean sigl circa ‘rela. + Amphibians nd the reptie (except ronnie) have ‘hambered her with two asin and single vente, wheres crocodiles, birds and mammals poses «4 ‘hambeed her wih twoatiad we rents, + tm amphibins and reptiles, the fe atrium receives ‘oxygented boo tom the pilings kin sod he sight strum pts the deoxyzented blood fom eke body prt omever, they get mised pin the ingle vente wich pimps ut mie bod Gacompee double custo, “Table: ferences beween open nd cls irelatory system, Sees e| etcetyiem [Bioed tows trough [Bho Hows taugh 8 geopen space and [cose systomat chambers [tunnels eae cont} [ealed heat) and aod fava sinsesunone the [ves 2 [Tasues amin dices lone wa theo [Blood tow very sow Jan od as very hw pressure. change ofan ni Jute aes pice [irc between blood land issue. Siood doer not conein ec conte wh ee Bod tori gute raps [nd bid ha ahh Nuns and pare pase ivough te capitiry wat nerieve id tom where here passe on tothe iti nore tiers va] rbd an be eguied by te contacto ad stain of the smooth Jacl ofthebiod — [Cosed eieubtanysyateni Journ cehinodems some Jnotoss (quis), nneite fda vertats, [ites tira lots of hod owing hve issue cannot Isecontt x boed tows ovin open space. 7 [opencisinay aaten fs wna wen vere eet hopes suc Jisome iises (na, 7 [Respetory pigment eet dactedin sme RCs wnt Respitory pigment resent andy be Jaeeohed in psu bat usu held in RBC 8 rrr * In birds and mammals, oxygenated and deoxygenated bond eeiveby thee and sight atria respectvely pases on tothe ventiles othe same sides, The venti pnp tout without ay mixing up 1, wo seperate culty pathways ate prsent in these eganiss, ence, these ‘animals ave double itctow, HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Human circular tem, ale called the blood vase ate ‘stem, consist sheart blood veal bled desde arin) he id whi icicle, + Misrespensiblefrtbe Now efboud, nin onygen snd ‘er gases and aswell hoon oad from ls. + Girultry sytem ofhumanis fe BLOOD VESSELS Blood ese re intricate ewok of tsa ramen ood chou the dy + Blood yesetsaremde wp oftre yes tuna exter {crete mei rian intron mot. + The innermost ye, the nica ina (local tania interna, is simple squamous eptbelisnsrounded by & connective tissu tasonentmenbyane wth else, ‘stheiaerayerofareies and veins. + Them ner, tbe unica ei, primarily compost smoot muscle and laste fies. This lyri thik in tres than ia en + Theexteral aye, tunica externa, consining of mainly of Inastewhit ies eollgen les) * The blood vesels ae of allowing pes arteries, eins and capa Arteries ‘Arteries ar thik walled, scar and cst in ature, ‘They cary oxygenate and deoxygenated in pulanary arly) fom hea wo varius parte aby. * These blo! ves ate grouped as arta (the largest artery) which branches tof ais whic farther divides Io thinner benches called arteriole inside the nga, + Averagediomete faeries 20pm. Theatres ier Avie ino smaller vests ald metres (70m) which divide intoeapilares. tthe begining espa, \heartroes poses eral muscles aed pre-eapillary sphincter which regulates low ofbood int the capilaice hic i clled vom + Sioath mses oatres innervated by spat hes, ‘herstimolton conta vaconstction and vtoation * Sinoth musts ofartrer andres la ini bling ‘om wound by preding vse pus hingeCopi illaries ‘These are the smallest blood vessels, discovered by ‘Marella Mag azo yeral eh nucleated squmous ‘pte el lll eodotbeinm resting ona basement membre). Diameter ofopitry isabout San, ‘These aes calles a exchange vessel thse are the site of exchange of material between blood and iste ‘ecae ofleet arin them, “The copilse ca be rouped ito we aegis (arteriolar eapilaries, which supplies ution, reir ges eto the body calls. (4 inuar eapitares, whic callet metab wastes om the body ell Veins “hes arethin wll on assy dryset) (oxygenated in pulmonary en misues he bart, ‘enuf, smallest branches, wit to fer vi which in ‘unite for vena cava "The get nis inferior ven eavafpst caval, Infros en av or potcaval dns deonygenate blo! Sammi sd over prt othebdyinothe right sure through a single opening which is bordered by » ‘montane fio ld wich ra remnant ote ‘ve of Entachin ‘Saperior yn cava peeeaval rings deoxyennteoad fr hed and upper ars of he boy ino the ight aurile throug a opening whic single in human and cat and won bt a thereare 2 precnal-right and etn rabbit ‘Table: Diferencs bawee tries nd veins fk ove es non cali fr eis collpsbe| [Tonka casa Lave develops, cote wuong [oe develped so mre 37 fa eda Move mcorand har may ass mover and oaly esti es wel Ree fia meme [noticar cre nove eogacd Jastic mentrane mre developed dott ens ess fa Baste menbrane kt liveoped 5 [lamer [Reno Wie 6 [Peron esp sted cep wis nedkete [Soper 7 fake fvahour valves ah valves prevent bac] tow 1 [Dieston ofbo0d ow [romean body owans Frombody omans oe 3 [Nate ofbhod [owvecnnted cep patron Deoxgnatl oxept ates putmsnay vein 10. [Bbod esse |More, gene ND angle gener Damo 1 [Speed ofbood Fast sow TH [erst [Bocones eapty ont blood TE [Arua of bined |i atany even e [satay given tne 1 ontour Pink [Deke 75, [Diiensbiny lass Pore 16 [avengebioo’ [Mowe ese > Ti isi anina eset aberHEART ‘eas i statin the thoracic vty eee the lungs ith ts apexes onthe dap, * Usually. iis measie abou [2m gt and em in ret + IWis enclosed in double walled membranous bag, evened, enclosing the perteardal Mui, This id ret the eat rom exter ress, sh, sock and Tees tion during the her ent at lias fe ear contratio, Heart Wall “The hear wall consist of onnetve tise, bod vesels ancardac muse fres in iret ye - pier, icaedumandendocordnn, + Bplcardium: isthe outermost thin, tnngpavent layer composed of mesic and connective tae * Myocardium :1is the mil, highly vascular layer, ompos of cardiac muscle ls jained together by Interealaed ds. The conaectvetisnenmyocandin a ascardae skeleton. Myocardim is Meet wheres the ‘endocarlumsthinnest, * Myocardium doesma fatigue deta prolongs acivityand mation of atic ac + Edcsrdiam: she tmermostayer lining ot heart andeosiing endl ofsquia cells resing ‘tin basemeat nenlrane foe cnneve ate Chombers ef Heart "ert has our chambers, with oo anterior auricles and ‘vopaterior vente. + Thevightatri recieves dearygenned bod on apeior von eva, info en cava nd coronary sis, The left strium eels oxypemted lod fm volun hash four palsy veins + A thin, muscular wal (aed the fnteratralseptum) Sepertsthight anche efi whereasathik-alled, (dhe inter-ventrcaar septum) spats the lead the Fit verte + ‘Thewalls of ventitesae much ticker than thatthe ari, Left enti thicker han right venti bse ‘thas posh Wood to al ody prt ata much eter pressue. + Ditiencsinthiknessof teat charber walls are de ‘ovaritons ia the amount of myocardium presen, which reflects the noun offre each amber ered 10 senerate + The atm and the ventricle ofthe sme side ae also separated by thick iyous tissue called the ario- ventrenar septum. However, eich of thes sept are roid with m opening through whith wa chambers ofthe sume side are ernie, Hort Valves The values of heart mini widivetons ow of bon nd prevent its regurgitation in the oppoite dete, + Each valve has set of cuss or laps. The exp ae the fas of endocardium svenglened by an intervening ays of flrs tie, + Opening and elesing of valve depend vpn presse on opposite sid and poi he weakened es result in varices eins hich ote ppearas are purplish tube the love ns + ‘Thevalvesin the hesrtallons tefl blood oly in oe ireeton, Le, ow thesia tothe erie the ‘wells to the pulmonary avery o acta, These valves prevent bck + Types ofvavesare-triaspidbewspid, emia vale, + Theepeningexveen hight sumandtheight ventricle Is sumed by a valve femed of toe muscular ps cps the trewspid ale whereas biel ale ard ‘heoponing bette the arm andthe ef venice * The biewpid valve iso calle Mitra valve + Strong fio sings conncting isp ad rcwpid ‘ales re knowns hardaetendine. * The openings ofthe right andthe let ventricles nto the pulmonary artery andthe eta reapetively ane provided ih hese valves, ‘Sonilunar valves allow the pnsge obo fam vents ‘orespctv blood ves, but prevent the rtun of bo, + Busachlan valves present on the peng olor ent ve (pot eval) inthe right awit in abit, cree a human the vestige of usacian valve i present over the ‘pening of pet caval vei alos the pasege of lc invightourcle + Haversian valve ispresatin bums bt bent it. Is pesent over the pening of reaval ina low the pasage of blo init auricle + ‘Thebesian or coronary valve preset verte opening of ‘coronary sins in igh aril mama and allow the passage ood night ace. ‘Automatic Rhythmicity of Heart + Aulomatcshythiy of hehe ithe bili to content spontancousyandat x egulrintera fineA spied arise mueulue called he nodal sue is sen distibued in he hear. A patch ofthis ae preset inherit oper corer oftheright strirmcalled he sine atrial node (SAN)-Anotber mas ofthistsue seen in tbe lower lt commer ofthe righ tam cose the ario- ‘ently lle th atro-entaeudar node (AVN) ‘tune ode ae, striven bundle (AV nd) continues mn the AVN which pases trough the a= ‘venti sepatoeereon the ep ofthe invest septum dined dvdesitin aright 2d ef tne Purkinjebranchesive se tominut ies throughout the ‘enter muscle oftherepetivesidesand areca rkinje res. Prine bres log wil ight and left Tamndlesare own a bundle of HIS, “The oodal muscu hs the bility to generte ation pote without any externa tinal iis ato ‘xciable, Hower, the num of acti ptetias dat ould be generated inant vary ire! pars ofthe ol sem. The SAN can generate the maximum number of ion seals, 70-5 min andisrespnsiblefrintiaing nd siting the rhythmic coactile csivity of the bet There sealed he pacemaker Heart Beat ear beat isthe thi cotaction and extn ofthe eat which inclode one syle (cotration phase) aod ‘nediastole (elation pha), Heart ocly bets 70-75 dimes in 9 mite (overage ‘eatin a norma ada human Incah heat, the heat pumps around 70 oon “This way the heart amps around 5 Hees f bled in ‘oe te {ess mmber oe than nr cal bendyearaa tnd rahe han nara achyeadin, teofheat beat arene = After taking or Dung exec Decree in loo pt ~ crease avidity and CO, eoneetaton ~ crease intemperate = Tersiowhoek Inbigh BP. ‘Regulation het est Te csr conrling te her ‘wat (cua oar ipresatin medals bloga pases cermerespior sesitv fe CO, O, and als for oad pressre Tis centre i under the infsnce of patna wich ete carl of tena vitn. Tn nerves control, rin receives wo ss of nerve ‘ee sypathetic nd pae- sympathetic or vagal When here isinerease in blond CO the sepa nerve fibres stimulate S.A. node by producing ‘ympathin (adrenaline + noradrenaline). This Campound ince impale genertion by incleg, xy of OF" inicardie als So, heat beat and ‘oxee of comiraction increases (achyeanda) Aer tion, sympathin is destroyed by synpathenase, ‘COM esterolorthometh nsf} and MAO (ono Amino Oxidase). — When there Is increase In blood O,, the parasympathetic or vagus (1h cranial) aefve inhibits S.A. node by producing Acetylcholine. This compound increases conection Time nd hence, heat bea i dcreases bedeari. [Alt ation, wey celine is destroyed by enzyme Acetleolincesteras(AchE). Stimson of agus nerve decrees the heart ate but ‘econo stmoltion shows no farther dares. ‘Thisphenameaon scaled vagusesape = Hormonal contol: Hormones fom adrenal modula (dene ano aieain) aeclerte tient bt, {helaterander ema contin and there atthe ‘ine oemegeney. Thyroxine homone loners the heat eat by ineeating energy production Pounding refers t0 very fst heart best during some endiionstike anger ad love. Increasein Non inborn calc muscle, desea berate Inert in C3? ons in Hed increase Heart beat bt if heyareinjetatin cardio neces, hea tpein contacted habe whichis called syste arrest. Ingestion of on inert muscle op impulse pecan ‘Sovbeart stpsin das o rel phe ‘Onthe basis oorgin afer eal, tvoypesa heart are scr men In earogenic heat, at inne bye nereimpulse cing fom a nerve ganpion stated ner he ear Soin thi, wave of contraction is generated entside ‘heheartin the pnghn,rervesuply ct often eat best tos Eg, Iaverates (ome anni, et rtropod). = Imimyogene ear, beats oriinated by 2 group of role ies which situated inthe wal he hen. Soi is wave ofcstrction is generate aside the art, vette, les, CARDIAC exCLE ‘Catdiceterefer to the sequence of events whic aks Pee duingthecompletion of one bea beat andes Df sytale nd dole ofboth he aa and ventiles, “Thoacin patent eae thai andthe he entices toundrg contin (yl) lowed the elation (diate. The syle Fre he Bod Lo save em the tino he veces andthe plana aery abd thees ‘ny ia Sinpesin the cardiac eee Phas I: lil tle Phase Vente During the cardiac eye, atrial sil i fallowe by ‘ticular. The thee pass ofthe cardia eae Tbe I: Atrial Stl, Time 0.15, Dung this pase, both ara arein stl (contracted), while the ‘eicesare indole (ela) Rain lod pene inthe atria forces the lod ene the woes through the AV valves. At this time, both trovetculr valves ae ope, and the seminar Salven ate coed hse: Venreaar Ste Tine 030. Ding thisphase, oth vonrilesaein systole cat), hile thea ar in dasol lad), Risin Hood pres ia the venice fr the bl ent the Plmonay rk fing he pana ates and ‘rt though thesia valves Atti tie, bth sainar valves are ope, athe avowed aver sr clons = hate: Atraland Ventre Dias. Tne 0.40 se: Dung this pecod bth ati and bk vont fein diate lard, this oi, press ial {hohe chamber so Blo etring othe heat onthe superoe and fro Yenae eve and the plmanary eins ils heright and eatin and lows pasivly ato the ventricles, At tis time, both Sriovnticular valves te open, and the seilunat ‘alverare closed, Cardiac ect is completed in 0.8 see ‘Abc: mobos pape eat each vente during scardia yee and itiscall the stake o eat vlan Cardiac Output Volume of bod pumped out hy ech etre of eat per ninth eminent ad itis eg othe rod of stroke vue and her ate approx ie). joa disole stole, Phase: Aaland ven Daring each cardiac ete, wo prominent sounds are produced which cn be easly head hough stethoscope Thetrst heart sound bb isasaciaed withthe ese of he ucwpid and bic alves whereas the second art sound (upp) ezine withthe lsu of the Senin vals, “The first sod has a duration of 0.15 second ad & Sfequncyof25 43 H-The second send ats abot 0.12 ‘cond wih aguncy of 50 He "Marmurs ae stooral sounds bard in varies pats of ‘ascularsetom, Rima arsed oimpropr cling of ny ‘art lon pte with ner seniclar epi des BLOOD PRESSURE ‘The pes exe ty the bon an the wal of the boot ‘ess in which it presen sale blood presse, ‘Wisusually measure brachial rer ban narament ‘le sphygmemanometr. ‘Arterial Head prewar ico pes: tole and ai. Systolic bled pressures the pressure exert by non ‘hewalls oftheboad vss de tothesyle of vencles ands eq 120 mm Hg, During ventura, thereiseapmsion te atery dtothe cain of elastic layer, Hence, the prestre is msximum in reries but rad derescesin capillaries and vis. Diastolic blend pressaretsthe pressure exertanwalsot ‘lod vessels when the veaecer are relaxed. Dating ‘enter dase, theunaaelste yer reas dag to normaistion of artery. Hees, Hood pressure drops down 80 am Hg(Body Fiuids and Circulation } “Thus, ood pressure in normal pron istic presse (12080 mm + Thedifference tween plc and dinate presare it ‘alla pute resturants coral yale 120- 20mm He, = 40am He I provicesinfrmation abet he condition of ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECO) "ECG isa paphical representation oftheeleotcl changes that secampany cardie cele. These changes can be Tecorded with the help of an apparsts called ‘eetocaropraph os Fig Sd + Noma! ECGs compel Pony, QRS wave comple) ndTorave “The P-yave (neal upward wave resent eet exciton (or dpolriatin) of be ai, ich ads the nnfracin of bh the a, Ii eaaed by netation Sknoie, + QRS waveteins st smal downsard detection (R) and ‘fies ara nrgeopight (R) andriangulr waveending {downard wave (8) ats base ‘The ORS complex repeats the depolarisation of the ‘eres, which nists the vate conan. The ‘Shtaction tarts er Q an marks be epi, athe syste ‘The Tene represen the re of he venilesfrm cited Yo normal sate (epolrsaton). The end ofthe Fave ui the end of tle + Heat teat rte of an nial can be dering by ‘unt th ber of QRS complexe tht oan given {ime pend + Sine the ECGs obi om dient individuals have Feughly these shape fra given ead enfiguaion ny ‘vation fom this shpe dae peesibleabmormality ordsene, —% Fig: Schematioplan of hod cr (=) 3 + algae in Q&R wave inate erat inreon. + “Toraveelat when he heart mules recive ascent “nyge ain ter select disease Itmaybecteaed, nen the bodys possum levels incensed. DOUBLE CIRCULATION + Dele creations the pss of aod wien thet ough separate pathy for sompleting one ele + Mispresenin ne fer, amples, bids, reptiles and man where atovenous heat (reas wen i tose oth ‘encore deoxygenated and ater exypeate oH) Speco + Dube crelton consis of pulmonary and sjstemle ‘irl In palmenary circulation, ight petion o hear collects impure lod rm toy and sends int he fangs. Son "here poon, ing lod is present and this eustion tate place between hea and Kings “Tele portion of hear takes pe bod om lungs nd isrites io whole bos. St et portion, pur ood rete and hice lace betwen heart and oy Thi called system ereaation. Inpyatemic ciation, the oxygens bod entering the tts cased by « network of arteries, strides and ‘Silla tothe estes Ft weethedeonypenated end istalleste by aye of venules, ves and Yee cava ‘nd mptied in theright atu, ‘Thesptomi cation provides nutes, 0, and other ‘Stent asanestothe ates ndtakes CO and eet Fr satstances away lina. + Thelet venice ofthe hart pumps th oxygenated blo {oto caretidayaemic art Is tbelargest blood vse othe toy ‘Afr sszading am the eat, th stele srt uns fan! descends down tothe lee of lower border of orth Hany Arista extremists nog td left commen tic arteries. The sytemic arta has folowing par Ascending sorta I gives fle an right coronary8 Descending aorta: The at tun towards the bak ‘othea’ and finally coavers ito dail se. The descending dorsal aot sell thaace a In ‘horacie region and abdominal ota bon ele, + Venousspstem oriintsia ines by anionofcpillaries andends nthe aru oPkaet ied woman rior and Inferior vena eava which drais the ‘etxypenated bled into the right tum. Superior vena eava(precaal singe vein forme bytnewnon eight nef baciexplsGanarina) Reo lo fom beans ams anche sepion. Inferior ve ni he large vein, xgnatedin info lar ean theion fright an eB common ive veins an ops io igh ‘eum byaepastc opening. tll bod om ll boy Structures belo the taphragm, + Coranary cireutatoa the fow of oqypesed Hood fom the escenting sort othe heart muster andthe ren of Scena bea on heer theigt tim, PORTAL SYSTEM Inptl yt the vein sa rom pl epics + When teas oat cole fo sme prof ti retical insane ten inset ‘timod ety tthe st Theale portal tr "Types of portal sytem ac real poral sytem epi pata ytem and bypthane ppl pra ysem (fer chapter 22) RENAL PORTAL sysTeM Inte, yin wich xls Hood tam postin parts ‘tbody nd gs, ente in the dey. This vein called eal portal vei, Now this sn clivdesino aplasia fer eal paral tan + Tso sound in lwer vertebrates Hk mphibins, fisher * __Thissystom sabsentin human and ri HEPATIC PORTAL svSTEM Aunque vasa connection exists eteen th digestive tue and ier saled hepa portale. + ‘Thehepatc portal ein carries blood om nstine othe liveries dlvred thetic ireulatin + Wisvund inal yerebeaes. In these, vege which callet blood fom digestive and absorptive pats of alimentary enn eter intothe ver This tale hepatic poral vein. Non iver its ntoeaplariend rm pti poral sytem. + Thisporta sytem ismade wp oF our veins: (0) Lienopastre vein : Coles bicod fom serach, splece (©) Duodenat vein + Carries blood for pancreas, uodecum. (©) Anterior Meventi yin: Colles od fx eum, ‘tocim and cole, (Posterior Mesntie vein Coto foot nd an jesandendsin oor} DISORDER OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM * High lod Pressure (Hypertension sete fr load pressure that higher than nema (1200), thi, ‘ease [20mm niles of rey press) [the aso, pumping presi and 80m ig ithe hase, or resting presse Froese checks of Hood restr ints 14090 (140 over 90x highest Shows hypertension + High bod pressure casio hat diseases and atsoascts ial oeans ike bran and Kido. Conn high ead Prsure are aiffeing of arterial alls di to aging, Thickening of artrta!wals de a sholestrldepeton, vonieconstcion fart wal varcne vn obs, Ihomone + Coranary Artery Disease (CAD) often refered t 98 atherosclerosis fet the vesels that suply lod to ‘he heart marl Its ated by deport of eam, fi, Chalet ad irs ise, which make the amc of ~ _Agin aso ce angi peetrs. A sympomot acute hes pin appears When ao enough spn reaching the Heart male: Angin ean eur ton ad women ay agetattamorecemmon mon the mileage dy, ozs di canton fat ft the bio on, + Rarelure meansthesteotheart wheter pumping ‘od tee enogh tomes the es othe Body sometimes called congestive heart failure becuse ‘ngs ofthe ngs snee the mala senptons ofthis ‘ise Hear arts atthe sme acorn ‘heen sop beating) ora heat ataek (ete heat muscles sen danas byan inadequate bed spp) + Toehaemiaisinadoqute ow ofloed oa part of he heat ‘sed by sbsretio tis ood supp + Destrcaia: Tamara get isploed tothe ight side othe cht, & Learn More Wert start trap: Wor i emt tal we doe ys em ots eda by rat Ginten Barta 3216 + Indra ramping ordeal De Fruppl o Ave 98 + Coron enn dnp od fom at walla audetng stnlecpsn Peery ins Ferm rant ach ‘ancy nn a! nh god thet sucle husk far openings In rb, te Pula ons nn hele eh open (eestiel baile se ingr oeey Tah ete hough gc priya n Td pny ih cy ogee ld te ngs natin. + Syseictrt: rs emitter fhoagh tng oon ae glean Serta ofa cringe sme od arbre ng1 Blood pressure is measure by: (6) Sphygmornaaer"(b)Siethocone © Fletrearagam (4) Phowecaregrim 2 Which ofthe ling i the legs mph vescls of the human bay? (@) Loaeatduct 8) Thoracieduet. ©. Giseemachyi—_(@)_ Right pai uct 3. Whichoftie lowing cts sree fr tecanvesion ofprthombin into ative tcambinby renbopastn™ Critical Thinidng @ og @ Fer @ Fe (@ a 4 Thromboplanin in seoretd by (@) Ploeles ©) Lympbocnes © Helpers (i) Masts Theblod prin ivolvedin od eoagultion is (Pepe () Praenin (Twa () Allofthe 6 Thepigmen! haenecynin end in (@) Mots (@) Eiaolema © nsec (Amelia 17 Consider the flowing stents nd choc the comet tin (Proteins contribs 6-8% of the bad plasms @ Phan consi ery highsmeantofmineale (i) Plame withou thecloting ctor scaled eum. (i) Giese, amino ais tipi et, areas presen in ‘he plas she are ala nani the bay Critical Thi @) Allsrecorset (4) Only file © Only(discorecs —@) Allwetae Which ofthe following substances, fineducd into the oo steam, woud case coagulation af ead atthe ite ofits iavodueen? (@) Proontin (6) Fvinogen © Thomboplasin —(€) Heparin 9. Which orem ofthebsyacs we abislogic te of oc? @) Bowemaroy (Liver © Het (Spleen 10, lod lating canbe prevened by the we of asian, late Tis ete (©) checking of conversion of fitrinogen into fibin (0) ition ofa fs fr lot eorglon, {@)oaaliation asic mei (@ removal of ees" ons 1. A toed det formed inside ood vee i known: (@) Thronbos (0) Fisinoia (0) Thrombosis (@) Enbatw a Mu 1% 1. a [EE —___@p— TOPICWISE MCQs Platltsace (@)- aio ale thorbocytes 0) call fag (6) rode fom megakaryocyte, (@ Allottheabove Which emis not rete wth th lod ting? @) Thromboeyes (8) Cakiun (©. Blinn (@) Fibrinogen ‘Nata anticngalat () Beparin 0) Serotonin ©, Diptesio (@)Eaythramyin ‘A cop ate ofthe filling. speed separately on four Sle Which of them wll a congelte? (@) Whole lcd Gon paonary ein (©) Blo plana (©) Blo! serum {@)_ Sample fom the thoracic de of phatase ‘Theprimary sealants tha ph leks in boo vessels (@) ptt and iin, (@) fel blade and alba (©) Sbeinand white bode. (@) ite blood cls ond pales, Redbiodcaliare: (@)ticencave cells containing hemoglobin. (@) sphere cells containing hae. (©) spherical eas capable of amocbold motion and eating haemoglobin. (@_theoncave cls that contin platelet. “Which othe allowing conversion tks place inthe blood toting pathway? (6) Covertion oftaninKtoprtrontin. (@) Conversion of ira to iinogen, (©) Conversion ftom provombin, None the tore ‘Which ofthe flowing sructres ofthe lymphatic system ses pearly a4 ler for detecting and destroying. ‘mirorgonisn in mpl vein huh jor eh oo cee cmon, ae cis oe eee igiighthen ante oa ores een a_—s {580}. Biology 1 Thema eesti 2 mma vo a or erate oe on Oe te is Spc anny woe eer omen 1 motes ap Oe ei ine rer ©) Liverpeenchyme (a) inside the nucleus (b) on cell surface 1] Rates (©) inside the cytoplasm (4) on nuctear membrane (3 see x. Sicemeoerees 2 EE em cagamcomnencaiian EOS in = ae & teat Benda eatin St. Bain nian eae oes tone meng @ ven oa rani, Garnett agan so Berea 15, Steps ae pte en her Saree See (©) Basophils (@) Neutrophils @) “a “Hsgroman fortor 37. Breakdown product of haernogiobin is: @ rumen” ( Neootuee Matyi io a eee ae iene Kay pe itn oi 3 ae oe ue a Sh enpetn to atte 8 Se Qe a nena iy cree > Ee ag ci 2 peal Liat vet od to draw a patient and to keep it - aed Reccemrngetintomarsciteent —@) atin ao bom aoa Satneriod asta tole eae ste Neaeeee eee gas") Bytes he by tert tere smi, Tndog © Bing at mnie ay abe a eetng ee fen 8 ano 0 Si . Scns ae A {) Test tbe containing sodium oxalate 9 eet een » Caution cipeys Ysa mtene ee a _ octte mmibaby eth pxperbcmatian (Senin regen nels ae cry) mete oe oo Fy ores ar Os Oo gancntecmpas cna ene eel as (D'tetlin ites? icemer, 6) Metal eal tent nd eerie cae erence nee (tc astm a ee re oe 21, Shree seaBO}ey ies er rol ca Tanith Hihenerateeyantcrnrets ee Critical Thinifag —-(@)_Bylictumatisedcel the plesenery ace Oe Baa ete mend , ferconti emo a eee (©) three alleles, of which two are co-dominant and the form Wentify their fonction. ‘hii ema (@) theates,llowhich ae o-doninant (@) Bloodcoapultion —@) Thickness of Hood (©) Immonerapenses (@) Allofihee44, Chit death nay occur the mariage beeen (@)- Rk anand" woman (@) RAP man and Rh woman (9) Rie man and Rh worn (6) Rican nods" worn 45, Oneof he lowing bond ysl s without valves Artery (0) Palanaryacta (vein (@)_Sytemic arta 46. Pulmonary tery cris (a) deonypeate ood om heat ones (8) deoxygenated lod fem ang ear (6) opened ood om het hangs {@)_ oxygenated blood rom lng heart 41, Whi ayer ofthe wal of lod vessel is made up of ‘rola smoats muses? (@) Quer ©) Mise © Ime {@) os (a) ana) 4, plo Hoon ater and veins (@) samen both, (0) morein atari and ess in veins {9) tmrein wins ond esrin aes {@_ Nowe a the above 49, What verses cay deoxygenated ood away fom the ht? {@)_ Bath coronnryateres nd pulmoonry artery (©) Pulmeosryriery ey {0 Coronary arteries aly 10) Neither coronary arteries nor pulmonary artery St. Averys em veninbaiag (©) Narrow walt (@) Tick vals © Vas (8) None of hese SS, Which ofthe foiowing atements is corel about veins? They ear: (6) dorggennted Bod (0) Hoe rom al eg teat (©) cxygente blood (Goo ona odifrnt rs ‘52, Clos blood viel stem ocr in: (@)Eanvonm () Hovsely (0, Cacraich ( Leec ‘53. Renal pat stem is sben! in (Manat @) Fishes (© Amphibians (4) Both 800) SS. Theprecaval ein is formes of (@) extol jagler ad insite (0) nominate nd sulin. {6} exter guint and bain {@)_ exter jl an suelavin. 58. “Interms of being ope o hosed, what tthe tat ofthe nil andrew valves (et ad right ariowetiular ‘ales, respectively at te ed ofthe st eat sound? (@) Both aeclosed 0. ou a “ _ a 3 ©) Both ar peo {6}, Mira seed weap isopen (6). Mita pen, tiewp sel igh syatie teh is abet in (a) Ropes 10) Bide {9 Manals (Nowe of hee Hepatic portal system tart om: (a) Guta ve (0) Kidneyto iver © tivertoheat ——@) Livertokidaey ‘Apatal veseisoneia which: Crtleat Thing (@)- ein starts roma og capillaries & pours ood {o ves earring boo! teat (b) an artery that aries sepia none organ and terminates cpa inthe ote ren (same verse! supplies oxygenated and collects forypnated blood (6) None of the above nesta vein diflrs Rom ttarisin having: (@) ike vals (0) deeply present (6) carybond aay om bear (Gina ves ‘Which blood ysl in mammals would nora lavgestamount of wes? (Dornier) Hepstievsin 0) Hepaticprtal ves (@)_ Renal en ‘One the his itence betwen dtulatory sys of ala oe cain! eoueameillle aioe ue cee ue tempts econ Seageetemenale Scere es Tire Sota 3. eats Rea ccc ee a por Sees “er seecaioon Sein soe eee een asa ree gt ae onli a ae aes aera ° ac 9 aes ore aan ia rg re Core ements 9 ce 9 sina ss tik ea is aa neee ae vos o Betas ay vet nd seria valves. ®) Avnote (8) bande ot His(652) 68 Ain poses ag len bcm: (“Ti nd adic easing cut {© Tone mediates inna gc {© “Tnx ino nis meena etn in, {@ Tuscan sett ‘Teniceadeati te 6) clr at er ft ey {© aiden hyersthe sey {© entemar omen ofthe sma, {© memos geoff ae cpl ‘Purkinje itres are present in; “el tetas © Rignomti {© Verte aye (Sioa Paincary cn n, ying oxygenated bond, opens inte @) Uchaicle (0) Rightoutete (© Letiveatrle ——(d) Rh venle As he bod pases though the explries, sme water ‘ng with sal ter sob stances ran te th Spaces bewoon the elt ofthe Caruce, This Cid ‘else ou ical the (@) naa id (0) tert i © Vialtuia ()_Novienal id The purpose ofthe AV node sto aad the purpose of leradigetteite era! iia (© crete simuloncon ara)‘ vetealt splat wp cenit eae inpatients Sly vents peso eat att Sigel carne le a erlvet ee Sn vl daparstion eltive oa ‘Solan tn dc pls ey ‘ond gps et es ‘Shy aval pean eave rar Solara et can gus ty ‘alec gp oot er The ec enn o's dtc tat and trac ps Wh ms payor scion case lentlceaa Sang anet Pie ee {0 Qiowe (0 nnstmiecnmon Mage ro i mite ay a be teat in ond deen tam sepia ‘blood from whict location will give the best real ( Pimoyacey "Quincey ca © Seneca tetvennte ‘rn dolt pce: 6 haan sed ln ©) toc wns {© Setar wet wnt {Seth ese ied ho Fplyoeccsarancacs eit (Nene Ae, © Dimon Sin aos ® ° o 1m %6 ‘PR nerves of heat arc then set will (@) Beatehyhnialy (Stop © Bestatiytmicaly (0) Shake o. m om — aa) ORs erate (@) Venta contcton 6) Aural conttion {© Gaudaesyee (6) Auction Shmpaetic nerves tem (@)" Cael hearst (©) Tocteasas heartbeat (6) Decreases heart (@ Notreated wheat ‘Nawal sigas though the sympathetic nerves(ANS) an increas the ate of entbeat by (@) increasing cade ouput (©) increasing thesueagt af veneeulr contraction, (©) increasing the castston ofa, (6 Both(a) and) Incomplete ciealain fund in Rep TL Amphibians 1. Bee 1 Manna ‘The caret option wit appropri choos is (a) Tan (0) andi (@ Mendin (a) tana Scie ups {@) the prot ofoart te nd sre value {© he rod ofsuresir and vena vole {© the bond pumped inone mine nid Baath) and) abt, xyes ls Hows om: ‘Cite Thi (© eh reac satdring yun one {© Iota tole seine daring ena tle {© rabtance ort wc duay vena (placa nar 6) Dion {© Bian ore {© Reprceondtae {9 Fiber pha acto oie vente the Beat Begins by the ‘command from: sat G@) Farknjetines 0) AVode {© Ghortetndioe {8 Sande Which neo te flowing te tiene ouput Ga liraps minut) faba haa sls ete E007 lesan iteatng arate of9 per nate? ky 2) @ aw ® am © ma ( 0630 Four chambered eat is fa i (@) Cobra 0) Trai ©. Slamandr (@) Crecadle ‘The opening farce ino venison theight side is ude ‘ale. ) tcp () Biespid (© salina (@) minalvave PR neva » normal BOG, a art bat of Tin i spree. tows (©) fom © Sm (9) 320m Beuspd valve alloys blood om; G rghtuucet Te venti (@) ehsureetorgh ventricle (6) taunt to fetenricle (@) postonal to hen‘ML Hear icovere by. (a) petioncum | ©) plat memteane (©) pecan {6), Micra mene 93, Whi stuctures ae dell invaled inthe pulmonary drut? {@)_ Righttrum, acta andet venice (8) event, ara and ineioe vena cae (6). Seperce ven xv, right atrium and ef venti (@)_ Riphtveotilepuimnary arteries and ef trim, 94, "Thediflrencebetvenn ploy rresand ens that (3) famerisasneited wis ngs end later with art (0) aenesbavemone thicker wal {@) envare more ele {ine have valves. 95, Parking ses ate od ins @ Ban © Sin (0, Conduction system of hear (0) Nephrons kidney 6, Candie econ man ake about TWiekyO (@ OS seconde) 1.0 second (12 seands (6) 08 seconds 47. Nigh layer of the heart would be most immediately sei o nse caved by bacteria cireuating the Boo? (@) Epics () Endoarium (6) Perea {@) Mya 198, Chord endine ae fund in: G) ents oflegs() Atrin feat (©, Sutures ofall (@)_Venticlesafheat 99, Which em does ot apply to human hea? @) Pacemaker (@) Fourchanbered © Micalvalve ——_@) Newopene Te Hetrteat of + perso inreves atthe tine of «0 interview duo secretion of 100. @ Rein (®) Adrenaline © ADH (ACTH 101, Heset eatin arthropods ad aneli () Myogenic (@) Newrogenic (©) Baha)and() (None of hese 2 Miva ae naman guar the opening ween: (0), lefsuiele snd le- vate (2) palmonsryvein sod et auricle (0) somach and intestine (, twerandepeen 103, Although the ser has jacket o, she itil el How uerirculstry sytem belp keep her war The arterioler at the eorface of er skin ci \socoostit 0 more het leaves her boy. (The arterioles at the surface of her skin can ‘soconatrit so est heat leaves her body. (© Thearterilesatthesurice fer shincanvsoiate {0 ee hoa eves het body (@) Thearerilesa the srfce ober skin ean vaso omar heat eves ber ba. 1 wave of ECG coe bef the (6) cont of wetiulr contraction (8) endofarerileatacton (©) tepinning ofa contraction {Nine ofthe above _ a —$________@— 10s. cho the lowing i corret aboot human here {@)_ Theveincoftdh stra hevlune oath eee, (0) Thevhineoftash resicer> the volumeat ba sti {©}. Theyoluneoftedhatia=thevohene oft vate {@)Ventctes are upper chambers and atin ae lowes resin our heat 106. tn oman, the pening of pst caval inthe righ ail is ‘pire by () Blewpid abe) Tricuspid vabe {O. Bitochisnvlve (0) Sinoatrcularvae ‘Tele a ventinlr npertare semen is onred by: (@) Tread vale (6) Semana valve (©) Bleospid valve) Sphincter valve 108, Heart aah special case (@) ibs noblond aa {0) basse bod aly (0) thas venous Bload oly. (thas pay ster and party venous Hood, Ft heart wan (UB) coincies withthe following wave tec (Ree 0) Teme (9) Pose {o Quwe Hear teats re accelerated by (a) Cranial nerves and aescotine (0). Sympathetic nerves and acetleholine (6). Gani nerves and adrenaline {@ Sympathee ners and epinephrine ‘What bapens we he pacenakar i non factional? cr () Oniytienrces wil coors aneay (8) The cardiac slots do oot ontrack in coordinated ‘manent (6, Oniyreties wl enact bythe. {@) Aus nd venils contact simultaneous. Meas valves nein 1: {@) keep ood moving forward through the near, (0) mix blood thovughly wit pase hough the heart {© canted te amount of blood pumped by the her. {3} slow down blood a pases ough the het. Wich oft flowing opin coe toes th clerical Inpulesthat rigger each eatbea (@)Ventricler Pacamaker-AV noel (@)_Pacemaker-AV uade-Aia-Venriles (9, Alva Paeraker-AV node Venriles {@) Pacman Atria AV ode Ventles im. 10. 10, am, 13, 114, State blood aver ef vente ofthe human heat, pecs hough we (@) Polmonary tery) flan ©, Acra {0 Superior vos cove 11s. Aen specilit istened to Pal’ eat through + Stethoscope Instead of the nor Wb-dap,In-dopP Beart sounds, he hed s-dpp, -upp Te dtc ‘i, nm touts angio Wary sb, bt Think her bse wrong wth ; et yarcannsy mena Cota! Thing © opener 10) snauionettetr valve {@) joarvors116. I cicuting by the shots some fam the ngs othe ot how many times woulda drop of bps thou holo venrile? @o wr @2 3 117, Arccaing ofthe elected activity ofa patients eet sonst the aia are contacting eli and ama, a every few beats the ventilesfailt soma. Which ‘ofthe allowing is probsbly 9 fnconing propel? (AV nose onal ©) Semitvoarvave {© Covonsyerey (@ Paomaier 118, In circulating fon the tain othe arm, op o es ‘would at have pas through which of he ellawing? (@) Lett @) Acta (©) Sipaiorvena cova (8) infrior ven cava 11, Inthe uma ody the Mishel pcs can bo record in 16) ene ea (©) veinretring othe hat {© capitries ofthe boty tse {© telongs 120, Whi ofthe allowing bd vss bth ys se lana vas? (@) Vena cava sorta (©) Aora ad patna etry {© Pulmonary tery nd plnosry vein {© Puimonary ein and vena cava, 121, Whichotthe loving necao of thereon tha clo siralatorysytem removes tan gency Critical Thing (©) Chests rly ext on simple dition fettansport whereas open sly on pumping sneha (0) Transport wibinclsodsysonsismorerpi han ia spon stone (©) Blood em ealybediesedospeie arasinlaed syste, bt no in open sytem {Ghose ystems oprate beter under higher press than do pen ste 122, Which ofthe illowing a finton fxn anima cclony system? {@) Lining blood aint the farce of gravity. (©) Transporting mies around the ody (©) Delivering signating molacls to target cells and removing metabolic wits rm cell, (@) Alletubesbowe 123. In which ofthe flowing would you eed the highest oa pressure? @)- The venticle suprising ad tothe gills» ah @) Theantrer dora artery ofa at (©) Thepuimonuy weinofalior (0) Te venticl supplying bod tothe temic cient ofatind 124 ara spy fg se se then: (te oft fences {© ttc othen bet er (9 thereto cen a et (8 hear zope Inte ert fanantic the pepe Ginette”) Patigje mee (9) Chabetetiner 6) Calunot cae Higher anestrus (0) Lan eangrtof bot {9 Lanai on oad (9, Oucedioin 8, (@ Ale teatore ‘Thecnnpessrine pen iso ft sey. Theor ntan aca earned inhi ity tl aot eset ‘tea Thin (© Avance) Puen {© Soames (9) Attreaeernoe 128, Anat pcan bey ond Cement pans 6) vin etapa wey ai {© hog vey igh ont premue {© witicetyinehen ym (0) tengo aeons st eect we 6) Vor coationr depton © Awiatecomacon {© satel scaten (8) Catnegte Fain prome tos fod son ered bese te (Blo wes inte {Bode dese mmter (0) Hew at sins (0) Rew at are Pans tfring om igh Herpes sult the falorng ean tex rath bes rere ; {sep asmoch apie lea Ting {© wo sanding {© ince ernie (0 scenester! dete anderen! Snares coo {0 "reverend ought hehe {msl rs reed og ear wall {5 tsetse fn onl nie wen wl {@ tevefvesdiatd nent Shemichet last 6 thew wis other in hun. (© tebe aeons dr stn fu nee ten (©) chanted enticing vee {@ caitehentin ime err, ns, mm, 9, 0 m, 1m,134. The coc route through which pusesmaking impute trveein the eat is (a) AV node > bundle of Fis > SA node -> Parkin See + her eles (AV nade» SA ae» Purkinje les ~» bundle of is» art muscles (6) Shade» Purine fire-vbundl of His +AV ode yt icles (@ Sano» AV nade-> bane of is Parkin ee Shear mules 135. Wallatboodeqliryis ened of (3) Haemocyes (Farias (0. Endatheteals —(@)_Oxytcels 136, Wich ofthe flowing vei cory oxnaed boo? (@) Palnasey (by Cone (©) Hepatic (@), Systemic 137, rcp valve ie found in betwen: (3) sus venous ght ance (0) sighimrsesndrightvetile {0 letvenileandie. ace {@)venilesnd set 198, Monge her sound in: 6) Man () Fishes 6) Barhvor (Conlon 129, ‘for ehambered hearts tod in (@) Masts ©) Bi (© Smke (, Crosaie Uo, Neorogenic heats caste of (Lower vertebrates). Humans © kat (Rabbit Stl fers othe conaction of @) SAnode ) AV ode (0) Majraneree (0) Ain undvntsicles 142, hero isin with 241s then: (@) Heats ilicese 2) Heat bea wilsop © Bahiaya() (@) Noctet 14, nein valvesare presen 0 check backward aw flo flowing (6) Almospheric pressure (0) igh presure (©) Low presnne— (@ Alloftnse 144 In tbe evotion of animals, het to pomp the blot ic Found the is tien (@) Anes (@) Rounds {8 Arthropods {@Fitworms 145, Whi oh allowing via has eat unt of we? (©) Pulmonary (0) Hepa pra vein © Heptcvein | (@) Renae 146, Thegtrcue of which othe lowing consist of yer of singlecal thickness? {@)Blodapilly — (Artery (9 Veoule @ Vevels 147 Inman, the norma Hoe resis maintained theo protein als. (a) Hemoglobin (6) Albumin (©). Fitrioosse {Hop Hod pcese increas and hear ate deereats in response 1 (@) Beecoe {© Hhemorage a $$ (0, Expose high ite {ingested rac presse 149, We ft ley jus afer lang meals beens (@) ood pres increases (0) blood presure doteses (6) body weight ineeases (@) well etare 180. Sle presse out ishigher han dali pressure, =" ical Toni a: Naame sae dhe oe Bin | ae a 9 oo angen 2 cacti aoe ate aden ane 1s, caper eee ean 8 eouaweee 2 Soorecees er eneateg er eles eer oc aan Seon Leena —- ; oe, Oe S eins : eco sia. eae aed eS niensu query 9 ay ornate oak 2 cern ee rc ome a RRL Store ei areca ncn bee ere @ Sieietrapaiatar anne uae a come SeeeTw aeie eae 4 Fe eo Scag caneet ys 8 eee oa eee oa 157. When the her bet increases the coi calle (0) Bender (0) Tachyeudin {@)_Lenopain (8) Caracas. 158, Fimsing othe arteries eto deposienofehlesteol is cal {@)- Thombai {Rhine (0) Atheros {@) Stenosis159. Myocardial incon caused by: (0) hardening of aes, (0) lumpy tcknes develop inthe inner walls ofa, (©) lotta cceurin the amen of coronary ay (@ ‘sudden terrapin in lor om tomar partion of beat 160, narriescors: (@) teal wall become very thi and weak thatthe toot ozs ut ofthe wall () sox linked herd i ae (©) ood exoglates hen in the atric. (Gail allsbecus neste nd thicken 161. Common thrombosis leading to msc nfo io (@) Right ceeumtex corso stay (0) Leficieuniescronnyartay (© Leflanteric descending artery (@_ Righteornary artery 162. Mainfestaton incense the bloodpressure person ‘sealed (2) Hypertension () Atheroeclerois (9) Anereclrsis G@) None ot thew Rhythmic stretching of the arteries caused by heart, ntractionsi elt (a) Hopetensica () Ahearmamar (9) Benepe @) Thepalse “Aeartatack ocr when: (@)" aoa valve rallaetons. (0) coronary artery is ecked {thebeats weakened by overwork (@) theaoraibosked. 1a, 164. 165, Baphysoma damages the issues ofthe feng a slams pulmonary bled flow, This caver blood to back up, Scching and weakening the walle of the heart nd too ‘esses. Which ofthe following do you thik would be ‘os afte by this backup of od fom te ings? Critical Thinkdng @) Aor © Ripka (9) Letra (@) Right weatice 166, Aer consist mayo (@)choesterl and pid hardened by exci (©) cholesterol and ipithardne ty rn (©) sheope ad pectsin hardened by calcium (@)_sheogen and prin hardened yen ‘Anaemia de tole ofmateaton oF RAC is (a) VooKlugers disease (8) Mireytcanaemin (© Narmoticansenia (@)_Periisansenia 164, Ife PR interval inaptiens ECGs prolonged, willed (2) angina (©) myocar iaBrctin (©) ventral hyperrphy (@) AVHoek 168, Blocking arteries duo deposition fits a cali is calle 161. (@) Arevislesis —() Atherosclerosis (© Enptysema (0) Hearsyndrme 170, Which one ofthe flowin doctors pertormed the ist heart transplant? Critica Thinigng () HargovindKhurans (2) Chistian Barnard (9) Watton (Wiliam Harvey @ EXERCISE-2| Picture Based MCQs 1. The accompanying graph refs othe volume of ood reset in the entices during wocomplt cardia es, t ¢ ‘Venticua diastole ocr daring pvods (©) 3.Kand ©) KiLandM © L Manan (@ MNanay 2 The flowing diagrams show he heart ring the caine ‘ele. The actos rpeset the fw of Hon, Stay the ‘ira and answer the questions tat fallow. Diagtm! Diagram Diagram IL ‘1 wbich disarm both atria contract and Wood is pumped fm teatritrough hei cup vate veneks? (©) Digg ©) Digan! © Dagan (Nowe af the above‘Diagram represents one oie cee sing 0.86 ad 0 {he pmible snes that flow i es J =reimation call MPP 9 479° ape EY | voces — od reed " ‘nih anser dss ents tht curdig pot X? (@) Art diastole and ventricular systole (0) Alvin ditleand ventricular dale 9) Alvin sytole and verre tle (@) Atrial tole nd ventricular stole 44. Thesecampanying gram showsa small part of nora ‘eerxaiogram. Which egion represents wave of ‘retin passing rah the ventricles? ! i @ 4 ® 8 fc @ > ibe given digram of ua heat, de ital valve Tete between which to parts ofthe hear? @ Dade @) Base (9 Dade (ema {neta heart, Mood fom the ung exes te heat through the lef stim, pumps inthe ef venti, ut theacta and through te oy, and then east he tishtabiun, pumpin herigh vetrilemndets othe tines ‘ning the diagram, wbich st of eters (A,B,C, D, E) arr presets he proess desi ove? a 8 DAB! ©» © CDARE @ DCE! Refer the given fgwe of huran heart and deny the ‘hamber marked a9. B, CD) which eeives most of {theoed returning fom the bean. (@) A-LeRatiam™ —— (@) B-Lefiventicle {9 C-Righ'veotide — (@)D- Right ‘The piven Sgure represents the pathway of blood coughoot the bale the eoret match of waked ‘sre, B, Cand. eres E to He i") oy Ba () A-Artery ) B-Pulonary vein BC Pumtnaryarery @) D-Vein ‘The given diagram repeats burnan heart with four ‘ames labeled 64,8, 8D? ‘Which sat stutuereoive carton dioxide rie ood fom the body! (@) A-Letatium (0) B-Leftvaticle (©, CRighatiam (6) D- Right venice Which tae inthe accompanying dlageam of a heart towrealy repress the reat of 8 sees coronary tape operon”@ EXERCISE-3| Statement & Matching Based Topic-wise MCQs 1 een -ltreduion/Bload/tymph ‘Match clum- with columa-Il and choose the covet, in, Coker ‘Coane A. Baste L Phagoeytes BNewophils 1, Serechistanne soni, hepin aad valved in inkammatry eponee Monocytes TL Ress infections and ae ho involved ia allege D. Fesineptils 1 mma E_Lymphcytes__. wanes. G@ A-U:tond—5D- EW () AW tBandc— DEI (9 A-MlBandc— 1:D~;£-1 (@ A-W.BandC— HD E—M 2 Which ofthe filling statement are correct? Co" isnecssary fe bled exguatin, {@)_ Coagulation in ood vss isprevened ding noma nation by hepain (i) Coting of bond involves changes of brinogen Sin by tebi, 9) lood cling involves cascading proces involving snub factors preset inthe ative fem alvays 6) OuGiandGy— ()(ipandtn) © OM@anagin —@) Ginand eo) 3. Which fie fotioing samen ticorret bent epi? 0 Lymph iscolortlasithashaeaglbin btn RI (G)_The tod present in ympbatc sytem scale mph, Gi) contains speciised lymphocytes which are resgonsile or ima of tebe Lymph is an important caver for mutvients and eons (9) Fasateabuybed through bmp inthe acals resent inthe intestinal ii. © oi ©) Giana) © aay () Only) 4 Different feos play important role in congulation of "ood some ofthe cts re ited in clan andthe aneeltresare given inclu, Fadl he accrte ting ‘Which othe olowing statements) iar Incorrect? © The AV node aad the bund of is consi the let ink etecn the ri andthe yeni @ Thetundlof Hiri tandleofcloica nals which allows he ventries acuta, (The bundle of is en rou oes that ea etic impulse tought cate ofthe ear () The bande of Hs ioeted ia the stevia ein, {&) GHyGiandGyy (Gad and) (©) Guidant) anata Match column-th skimp land slathe caret ansver ‘Calan Cokie CypetafLevcaqyts / WECH) (Their tot WBC) he (Blood een) (Deseription) AL Ehime T Mest abundant we ‘bod el ed herman phagocyte ell ofthe ood BBasnaphi Less abundant wbite ‘ood eal eee © Lymphocyte m associated withallerie DL Neurophit 1 Blo ext contains Iemogobin and transports oxygen, Bani Spaced atidy- producing white Boot @ ABC D-KE ©) A-LB-m.C-uyb- Wee (© AnkB MC“ D-VE. @) ABC D-ULE.— epee) ____ ____@_ ‘Wich ofthe allowing tem x carretyratched with its fnetons? (Pha Saw colored Did that nit of euspended load lls © Hea Site wheroexchange of ‘ua and eases occu (9. Capillary ‘redo Mid at ‘ronde food tothe els @ Bioad Pumping ation of the body ei the correct statement regudig the human los (0. eee 3055940 he ota exclu Di. (0) Thevotume ofthe Boudin an aul is {GG conetation nthe lod 50/00 (i) Closer costo in eblod 30 mp0 (0), Ureteveln ted 10 mn! 100m () @iWandciy ) Cintviandy © Gomi (o) @anta, entity she tatements that i earreet about blood angulation, (Vaan Bisneesary ee fomaton psoas (@)_ Converse feta fbnope, {@) Comerson of praronbin to prerombinase. ©) Gana ) ani) © Gidando 0) None ofthe above Wye erect ena a he ret tet i cine) nd ph hve lot lar anposton, Lymph snd neat ibe ge roto aod Rac (6) Exchange of the nutents and gases, beeen ‘ond and els as occurs though se fi. (oy ler fia has the same minea tiation 3s. that afte plas (0) Tymphcan bedetioedasthe blood minus RBC bt as spade Imphocytes. @ @avatin @) Gana © Wand (0) Noaeaf the above Miche flowing stementis earret amphi? (@) WiCand seu {@)_Allcamponents of bod except RBCS and some rosa (6) Rls, We and pa (9, Recsprtens dp Which one ofthe following ont od wept of retary gs 6 ot (a) Ce ranspet oxpeen whereas WBC tansprt CO, (8). ReCatengurtoggm vie plasnatanprsotyCO), (©). RBCsuswellss VCs tansportbath oxen and CO, (@)_RBCeat wel plama wana yn and CO; Mitch colun wite coln- I and hone corte opin. Coat Catt A Lierpn of BCT 13-2095 BR Liespm of WHC 120days C_Lifeapanofpateles I 9-10dn @ A-LB- C= @) A-IkB- c= (AB MC-t @) AWB ICH 1 n ‘Which one of thestteneat is correct with referenceothe ‘culation efiood in arama? (@)Leftaurcle receives oxygenated blood (6) Panna aerycarie xy ood othe ngs. {6} Bloc frm dhe ngs i returned to heat through 2c on rom cach (Nene ofthe ove ‘Wich ae ofthe followings correct matching pir? (a) Labb-Shap sage of AV valvesat the Beginning of venti systole (©) Dup-Sdden opening of senilunar valves bani of vnc diastole actery-Vales in the blo (@ nian ofthe heat beat Purkinje es “Match the Hood. yestls of human her isto under ‘alunite fineins given ue earn, Chote ‘hennewer which gives the erect combination athe two calm. ‘Conard (Blond vse A Sepeior ena avo 1 lofeiorvenncrm tL © Palmenaryarry tL ‘hebodyto thei aia Brings osypeatd Hood tothe lett Di Palmonaryseia \W-_Bringsdcoxgentt bot fiom upper parts a the dy inher aan, @ vere A-VB—T @ AB- @ AVE ‘Which of the flowing statements about the contol of ication in mansis incorrect? © nerve pt toskeltal muste cousesthe (@) Blond cn terested byaucoomic ere sia tmanating fom cardiac contol centers inthe ot te ain, Carotid cer cemosensors dete ow O levels in the blot an promot increased blood pressure ornnes sch x angiotensin and vasopressin cause venules 0 conic. co ®—w—_ 19. Inhuman hee, ienify the caret sateen (6) Volume otf th ais the rater tan the volume of bath the vette o ‘Volume of the vertrce peter thn the vlune coh th ate (©) Tite-yencua septum separates the eight nd the Lear (©) Ativerrctar septum does’ separate the arin, ‘and verte 20, Maichthe columo-1 with colo apdchae the comet naw: fm he option piven below. Cohn ‘Coho A Candis Timo Plane 12080 mig © SystoleDiaolie I, 08 stones Haemoglobin WV stégmsinevey 100 nit ood Heat eat $5 %otth blood Do BV eT a © A-thD-Ke-Vv;D-mE-W (@ ALNSB-N;C- ID KEI Disordors of Circulatory Sytem ‘The flowing statement coms some ofthe events hat leadtoa tar atac (Bloc lt res aoseand passes long bod veel Region othesrtsmelsufee moc infton, (Narrow branch of coremary artery becomes blocked by thrombus. (@) Thombs forms on inner src of eran atey, The correct sequence ofthese even 9) GLENELG) CO.CC. GH (© GROG. G,E0.G,6) ‘What the condition in which het tl pumping the blood etetvely o meet he requirements ofthe body? (@) Stoke (©) Hypereason (0) Myenetlinfietion @ Hectiire @ EXERCISE-4| Assertion Reason MCQs| Directions : These questions consist of two semen, ech rated as Assertion and Reasoa. While answering these ‘qustions, you are required to chocte ay on ofthe lowing fe responses. (3) oth Assertion apd Reason ae crest and he Reson ‘correc explanation ofthe Assen. (©) Itoh ASterton and Reson are corel but Reason isnot ‘comet explanation ofthe Awerie (Mie assertion icrrectbut Reson ie incaret. (beh the Assertion and Reason are caret 1. Assertion: WBCs scoumuate atthe site of wounds by pedi. ‘Reto: isthe sesing of anys am tenth, 2 Assertion: In meat ofthe mammal RCs ae devoid of clase ‘Reason: Racal sled inthe entire tops of RBCS ‘nd iron contuning complex pata ealodhaeiolbin, 3. Aserton: fn mph system, lymph sknown sve fad. Reason I cemprises opm précins, RACH nd WBC 44 Assertion: Type 0 bleed group inva ve cll “onvesl donor Reason: RECS of blood group conse bth’ and 8 ‘sce antigen, ‘5. Astertion:Fibeins are produced by the conversion of inate ivinogesis hepsi ie presen oetryne tio, Reason: Pasa without rinogen an blood carpus is called cru {6 Assertion: Open circoltry system is more fice than ‘lose ulatery sytem, Reason: In lst circulatory system ater than in open teary ten, he ood Row ie sow ao, M 15, Acer Assertion: Lf strum possess the thickest muss, Reason: Lf trim osves Hood rm the lngs, Assertion: Inthe human heat, there fe 0 mixing of ‘ygennted and deaejenatd lod "Ream: Present of avesin the ea allows the movonent ood mene dissin nly. Assertion: Aria set a primer pump tat increas dhe ‘etic papi Reason: Trough the aia sbow 80 pecent fhe Blo Tow dicliyenoventles Asertion: Closed eulston eytemistnare efi han open Ope, Reason: The closed circulatory system considerably eres these, precson andeficiacy of culation. Reason: ts imposito her the stoke volume wll as beara Assertion: When a person isperfeming numa werk On ‘anaverap, his heart eats 72-75 hea ts ermine Reason: On heart bt cempletedin 0 econ Ata very sow elt Hod fw in thelacnoe Su sinass of pa, Reanon: This occurs base othe absence oferta the pave, Asserton: The enlarged QandR wavsindcate mye intr, ‘ean: athe nr ing BCC ay devon ines sie baomaltyer cess ‘Assertion: Persoas fering from hsenepilia fl to rodueboo cloting fee VT. Reason: Prothrombin podicing plaka such prions tne fund i ery low coeaton16, Assertion An tfc acomake can rpc thesia ote ofhea. ‘Reasoa Thisie esas an atic paoenaker scope ‘of timo the er let omaatain is bat, 17, Asertion: Atheros isa dense chanted by thethickeiog of atrial wal [Reason Deposition ofcholeseol andtrgheries inthe wale canser atheros ——— = __H#!— @— 18, Assertion Stine atria given patents ype. ‘Rens Sane ws vit nd may repo reste men causing cardine wet. 19, Assertion: Hen lure doors when the beat mule is ‘wekenat or damaged Reason tnarmlly cus in aseaton with terest probes keer tack CAD. ‘Aston: Thrombin exe for od clotng, ‘Reason: Co ply an portant oe ood clting 0. 2. (@TEREREERS| Past Year COS winecr« ams) Year MCQs (aparincer a ans] Mat the column with column 013) Cana Coe @ Pwwe Depa of venies ©) QRSeampler —_—_)_Replrionimof venice © T-wave (i) Coronary achonia {D) Redoton athe (8) Depearisition of atria sizeof Euave (0) Reposition of ria ‘erect po. © 8 OO oo @ @ OM 0 @ ©® oo wm OO @ OO ‘Wat would te the hen ae of person ifthe card ‘ouput SL, Blood volume i the eats tthe cd ‘dials 0m andat he endo vets tls ‘om 019) (6) SOteatsperminute (0) 7Sbeats pr minute {© 100bestperminute (0) 125beusperminte 3 Mache tens given in coi incom and ‘sleet core opin gen below pois Const Catt Roos ] Onnottnnse 2 Glin @ Blood ating C Abunin (@ Defence ‘ein 2 PACT © AGC © ABCD @ A:D-CHKC-10) 4. Mahe tems gen colant it nosin cua ‘el de carer option ven eo T20t8) can co A Wikupidwatve ——) Between eaiomand leven 1B Bioupidsalve )Betvrnright vesicle snd plenary ay CSanibnarvave Gi) Between sight tram and sighvenie RTERCHD —O AGB OCT — © MOBOCH) — OAD.) Aduithonmn RBCE arecnucested. Which ofthe flloving ‘ner are most appapriate explanation for this feaue? 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(©) Bath heartrate andere ot inrease (Heart rate decreases beac onpt increases Figure shove schematic plan of blood circulation in mans with labels oD, Hen the nel aad ive ts function's pe13) 1" © B Pulmonary acter thes Va um har 0 ngs, P0,=90 mm He ‘CVn Cava takes lod fom tay pts ight ‘wil PCO, 45mm Hp ‘D-Ders attkes led eam heat to bly pt PO,=95mntie Futons wein- tsi Hood an body prs, 70,-@ ants Figuce shows bleoderelation in mans wih labels Ato '. Seles the option which gives corr Menlicaion of Ine and function of hes (20131 © @ ww, 20. a (@) A~Artery-thick wed and blood Now even ©) B-Capilry- in without mucllayer and wallevo celtic (© C-Vein- hin walle nd bo flows in jrkslpucs (@) D-Pulmonary ein -tke oxygen lod ont PO,=9Snmati ‘The diagram given here is the standard ECG of ‘normal pein, the P-vaverepest te: [2013] oe (2) nition ofthe etl centration ©) Besianing of te yale © End of ole (Contra th he stra The gute shows w human blood el. 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Bulk of carbon dose (CO) eens from body tismes 32 2s, n, 2 inthe lod is presen as (@) bicarbonate in lad plasma snd RECS (@) fee CO, nod plane (6) To%ecuinino-acmoglobin md 3% a enone {@)_ camino taemeplobin in RECS ‘Which one ofthe ftlowing human oxpans soften called (Ba11N the grveyard of RBCS? ‘pouM {@) Galleadéer (6) Kidney (©) Spleen @ Ure Wich one ofthe lloing plasma proteins sinoted in the enaplation of Hod? aout} (@) Anatbumia| (0) Serimamylawe (©. Apktulin (@) Fitinogen de a some injury the horde endine of he cuspid ‘valve of the human heat is paally non fnetioal what ‘witethe immediate? 2010), {@), The ow of ond note sora wll swe down (0). ‘The’ pcmake" vil tp working (6) The od wil endo Now bck tothe eR atrium. {@}_ The lw of od into th pulmonary artery wil be ‘What etre abot ROCsin humans? (0) Theyeary about 0-25 percent ofCO,, (@) They tapert99. Spar entof, (©) Teyana about 80 percent oxygen only andthe i820 percent fe anportein lve state io ‘ood plasma. ‘They ocarry CO, tall. 010) o 8 Blood grap ofthe fhe ¢ Aan blood group of mater 4B Then pede the blood groom ofthe progeny. [2019] @ AAB 1) A.B,AB,0 © BAB @ OMB ‘Which on ofthe ftoing th ean fr fst condction ofimpulsein erties? FET May, 2018) (0) Presence ofintelate diss () SAvede © AVoole (Parkin ses {Given ew the ECG ofa panna human, ‘Wich one of tscomponets sere inerpeebclow? ® ieee fa0is, 2013) (0) Peak P and Peak Rtopetier = syoic and dastoic ood press (0) Paki fe ti cocoa nty (©) Complex QR5- Ove complete pulse (@) Peake T-Intiton oft aria eotraction ® Balk of abn dioxide (CO,) released from body tases ino the ood i present as pers} {@)10%scarbamineemoobin and 30% ms bitbonate (8) crbamine hacen RC {@)catonte in nd plasma and RBCS {Gee CO, in bond plan ‘The diagram sien bee ithe standard ECG of normal esate P-vane repent he a) ol\s_ = (0) ntton ote vnc contraction (0) Beginning ofthe tle (o) Endof sole (@)_ Contraction of toh hentia ‘Whieh one fhe allowing i matching pir of certain ‘hy ate ais valeeoun in anormal huss al eon) (eas-10mg/1001 of oot lod (sing) ~70 100 mp 00 Toalblod wns ssi Sin Wirtobermethod 9-1 am a aes and20-34 ‘amin fas Which of the flloving ren isthe Mond bank? (2011) (a) Heat (ty Langs, {© Spleen (Giver ‘Wht elsrenetotbe band in noma eso, which one ofthe flowing taernents ig earrect? 2010) (@)" Compare toutes, wn ales uerous aa hold Tea the bys aoa any ven ine (©) Blo elle contin sboat 70 percent of he tl ‘lune of the bend, (6, inte dsl (WAC) aemadedy hp ody. {@)_Theboad bes more platelets han WC. ‘Nan hood rope nom mets witha sous felt nd neds Ho rmnsfison mediately, which ‘neo th ood roe rela thee il tafe for ansfsion? 2010) G@ O.Rh &) o,f ©. ABR (ABER ‘Atres uplying blood othe beat arcalled {@) cmaidarties () hepatic artes (6) soeoaryartries (@)_punonryarerie, pore) ‘Assertion: Lub heat sound whichis pode ring tach cardiac eee enon: It is tncitd with the closure ofthe ticupid snd tepid valves pote)es 40. Assertion: When thei ills the bod pres du to 41._Atsertion: Bod is cloued in the inact. 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T@ (3 7@[+Tols Tots lol o> lol> tole @ Werle: Sines Maen Bate Topisnee NOs Tots ol7fo[wl@lslolslo[s| mls [@ ofstols}@(if@tele@(ol@ [ele stole lols Tatatotsto feof Le. Taerele 4 Assertion Reston NOS ‘Tots Tots Tels [ols Tol[u le, so sole» lo z/ml*lol>+lols lo >ololetmtulotel@ [lola ‘see: Past Yer MCOs (AIPAETIROET & AIRS) if@[sTolnTolwlala]e[s/olulol|s@ [alo zfol7oleloln{ol2lol7lolsloln tole] @ stofstolalaltatotslm>stots|opelo stole lm >utmtolotata te] o se} oa to slololm ts o>» lo lstofototslololeNumber of Questions 2 mn 10 9 8 E 6 5 4 3 2 1 ol Trend Analysis AIPMT/ NEET ZOO 21 2012 2013 2014 215 206 2017 2018 2019 Year Chapter Utility Score “Nephron ands parts 1 Urine formation mechanism ans a2(566) Bioloay INTRODUCTION + Removalof vaste rods fiom he bya excretion, + Wsteproduas ere sjthesied inthe sls doe to meablic sci + Brereton s theese posal fs if none called orginisms, waste discharged throrh these ofthe call. The higher plans eliminate gases hr he somata or pores preset o he ef sie, Mull nial hae special excretory organs. + Ammonia, urea aud uri aid are the major forms of tremor ase excreted ty the animals, + Armonia isthe most ox frm and ree large amount ‘fate for is lization, wheres ure ald bing the least ea be removed within a of wer + On the bss main excretory produc, anal can be Aivded into 3 groups ~ ammonotelic,ureotele nd reac organs EXCRETORY OROANS: + Inhumans primary exretory organs kidney (deere later) and ncesor excretory ogame eng, er sin (Geter land) and intestine + Limes the primary organ of respication, remove tnge mex of CO, (18 ey anda significant quanti ater every ayn he frm of iter vp ver tho gest anny ree ‘neste el cer duel Strid hormone, iin and tag: New of ese ‘nc aps song iste ens Lerten dyn ptt ety. Spey for lregenun wets Along dpe and teubalan ta psa deinieectan roca, ante Peas dow he snot tno wich ae ‘cred ye mal sie oye Hed ~ Mijas sto poge (fem be to s(n gt a ‘ndcapalthantngh he yoo a Lic isan sertry eons iinet ey the ier ogh apr he ano gop fo te tear none nd cel rag ee te ty Stith organi te dt core te we bal and itn fc onc Teno seamy ‘sctay geste oat padre he Seas ek ‘nrectand ome ec vt Saco fans nate can stances sero, Rotman ad att thogh stun Th cca proiersroshycovering r ein rete Exif gsm and ene thera yeaa gs nin ang sina ‘Table: Ditizenc baweenanmonattc organi ric organism and wii ogni lamination of amon |Niosenous waste sn te mot Ninogenous waslei the fomof [Ntugnous waste he foot las re js sc [Armonia w fonda he Terby |W tomed in Iverby orlting 7 |i formalin Wve The nosiie fexts-com. Jntnvay Possum uret rect wit foterand cabon dase o nme sci eau asteapendinne oF ese oreneny. ivequnes lava moe ompondi [oi igh edie ofcam [Armonia wk wn, [Ge conparnivey as oa ie ace se wonton sah som ewe [x wood sohbiay water [i ncolbie a wate [iter ented pay ne, swore ey excreted at conpartvedy hey ered vay sowty I [iiey exrete di ws ey eerete concentrated wi [Fievewrec wine when ofthe fssteorsom-shd pts _|ihere oan equi ge lemorammoni ea} [Fee organans quis nodete fount of wate foreseen (300 amount of wae or ecetnn (Sm fant of wae for ection [10m Jowatersequred for iinton ft wat fr elininatin of Tot [These oveanis equi esr orate frelninaton ofone gmc sc. fshioderas, bony tsk, tadpole faraeand slider [Bip Aquaticaninal groups ie [Baaplos Mo, whale, ri des [Bample Bes, bad epi, mses, |peoses,cocetcmtes,crstceas, Jena Ke asgeoo rt,

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