DISASTER MANAGEMENT – VI(RAR – 604)

MODULE-3 – DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

AR. MANISH KUMAR AXIS SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE 1

 CONTENTS
❑ Disaster Management Act,
Guidelines NDMA.
❑ Vulnerability Assessment & warning systems for all Disaster
(Earthquake, Tsunami, Cyclone, Flood and Landslide).

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 DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005
ACT
• This Act provides for the effective management of disaster and for matters connected
therewith or incidental thereto.
• It provides institutional mechanisms for drawing up and monitoring the implementation of
the disaster management.
• The Act also ensures measures by the various wings of the Government for prevention and
mitigation of disasters and prompt response to any disaster situation.
• The Act provides for setting up of a National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) under
the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister, State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs)
under the Chairmanship of the Chief Ministers, District Disaster Management Authorities
(DDMAs) under the Chairmanship of Collectors/District Magistrates/Deputy Commissioners.
• The Act further provides for the constitution of different Executive Committee at national
and state levels. Under its aegis, the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) for
capacity building and National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) for response purpose have
been set up.
• The Disaster Management Act, 2005, (23 December 2005), was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 28
November, and by the Lok Sabha on 12 December 2005.
• It received the assent of The President of India on 6th January 2006.
• The Disaster Management Act, 2005 has 11 chapters and 79 sections.

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 DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005
• The Disaster Management Act, 2005 has 11 chapters and 79 sections.
• Chapter 10 of the Act deals with 'Offences and Penalties'
• The Act extends to the whole of India.
• The Act provides for "the effective management of disasters and for matters connected
to it."

4 LEVELS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• National level
• State level
• District level
• Local level

NATIONAL LEVEL
• National DM Authority (NDMA) (sec- 3)
• National Executive Committee (sec-8)
• Advisory Committee (sec-7)

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 DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005
National DM Authority
• Prime Minister is the chairman
• 9 members nominated by the chairman
• One of the members nominated as vice chairman

STATE LEVEL
• State Disaster Management Authority (sec-14)
• State Executive Committee (sec-20)
• State Advisory Committee (sec-17)

State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)

• State Government will constitute SDMA
• Chief Minister is the chairperson
• 8 other members to be nominated by the chairperson
• Chairman of the State Executive Committee is the ex-officio member and Chief Executive
Officer
• Chairman may designate the Vice-chairman from among the members

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 DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005
DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
• State Government will constitute the district DM authority.
• The Collector will be the Chairperson of the district authority.
• President Zilla Parishad will be the Co- chairperson of the district authority.
• The district authority will consist of 7 members including the chairperson.
• The Chief Executive Officer of the Zilla Parishad, SP Police, CDMO will be the Ex- officio
members.
• 2 other district officials can be nominated by the state government.
• State government shall appoint an officer not below the rank of ADM as the Chief
Executive Officer of district authority.
LOCAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
• The Local Authority shall ensure training of its officers and employees and maintenance of
resources so as to be readily available for use in the event of a disaster.
• It shall also ensure that all construction projects under it conform to the standards and
specifications laid down.
• It shall carry out relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities in the affected area
within its jurisdiction.

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 National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

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 PUNISHMENT CLAUSE UNDER DMA 2005
The Central Govt can issue instructions to any authority anywhere in India to assist and
contribute to disaster management. Failure to follow such directions leads to violation of
the Act. Chapter 10 of the Act deals with 'Offences and Penalties'.
• Under Section 51, anyone refusing or failing to follow orders is liable for punishment
with imprisonment upto one year, or fine, or both.
• Section 52 guarantees imprisonment for almost two years and a fine on any person
making false claims to gain relief benefits.
• Section 54 enforces imprisonment of one year or a fine on anyone circulating false
alarms about the severity of a disaster.
• These two articles of the act, i.e. Section 52 and 54 gained importance in the recent
times. This is because a lot of news and updates about COVID were flooding social
media platforms which fail to check the credibility of the news.

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 NDMA GUIDELINES

The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) was initially constituted on May 30,
2005 under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister vide an executive order. Following
enactment of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, the NDMA was formally constituted in
accordance with Section-3(1) of the Act on 27th September, 2006 with Prime Minister as
its Chairperson and nine other members, and one such member to be designated as Vice-
Chairperson.
Following are the guidelines as per NDMA's
• Guidelines for Preparation of Action Plan - Prevention and Management of Heat Wave
• Landslide Risk Management Strategy
• Guidelines on Disability Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction
• Guidelines on Temporary Shelters for Disaster-Affected Families
• Guidelines on Prevention & Management of Thunderstorm &
Lightning/Squall/Dust/Hailstorm & Strong Winds
• Guidelines on Boat Safety
• Guidelines on Cultural Heritage Sites and Precincts
• Guidelines on Museums
• Guidelines on Minimum Standards of Relief
• Guidelines on Hospital Safety
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 NDMA GUIDELINES
• Guidelines on School Safety Policy
• Guidelines on Seismic Retrofitting of Deficient Buildings and Structures
• Guidelines on Scaling, Type of Equipment and Training of Fire Services
• Guidelines on National Disaster Management Information and Communication System
• Guidelines on Management of Drought
• Guidelines on Management of Urban Flooding
• Guidelines on Management of Dead in the Aftermath of Disaster
• Guidelines on Management of Tsunamis
• Guidelines on Incident Response System
• Guidelines on Psycho-Social Support and Mental Health Services in Disasters
• Guidelines on Management of Chemical(Terrorism) Disasters
• Guidelines on Management of Landslides and Snow Avalanches
• Guidelines on Management of Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies
• Guidelines on Management of Biological Disasters
• Guidelines on Management of Cyclones
• Guidelines on Management of Floods
• Guidelines on Medical Preparedness and Mass Casualty Management
• Guidelines on Preparation of State Disaster Management Plans
• Guidelines on Chemical Disasters
• Guidelines on Management of Earthquakes

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 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
Vulnerability assessment is a process that assesses the susceptibility of a community or region to the
impacts of hazards, such as natural disasters. It helps identify which communities are most at risk and why,
so that appropriate measures can be taken to reduce their vulnerability. The assessment typically includes
an analysis of physical, social, economic, and environmental factors that contribute to vulnerability.
• In India, the country is prone to a variety of hazards, including floods, earthquakes, and cyclones, which
can have devastating impacts on communities.
• To effectively prepare for and respond to these disasters, it is essential to understand the potential
impacts and the communities that are most at risk. Therefore, vulnerability assessment is a critical tool
in identifying these risks and can play a vital role in defining disaster impacts in India.
Vulnerability analysis is identifying areas which are unable to withstand the effects of the hazard.
TABLE: VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS
Accidents/ Hazards Mitigation measure
Gas leakage Turning ‘off’ gas knobs whenever not in use.
Opening up windows and other all source of ventilation so that the gas can escape.
Collapsing of lift Regular maintenance and checking of the lift.
Putting up lift capacity details and sensor inside the lift.
Electric short circuit Proper insulation of wires. Regular checking of electric boards for any exposed wires and
installing automatic trips

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 WARNING SYSTEMS FOR TSUNAMI
FORECASTING AND WARNING OF TSUNAMI – INDIAN NATIONAL CENTRE FOR OCEANIC
INFORMATION SYSTEM (INCOIS)
Post tsunami dated 26th December, 2004, Ministry of Earth Sciences has established the
Indian National Tsunami Warning System at Indian National Centre for Ocean Information
Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad. The Tsunami Early Warning System (TEWS) was made
operational on 15th Oct 2007.
• This agency has developed a protocol for issue for Tsunami Watch, Alert and Warnings.
The Centre gives information to all responders about the origin, time, location of the
epicenter, magnitude and depth of an earthquake inside the ocean and accordingly
issues bulletins.
• The system is capable of detecting all earthquake events of more than 6 Magnitude
occurring in the Indian Ocean in less than 20 minutes of occurrence and first report on
the occurrence of an earthquake in India and the Indian Ocean region to sent to MHA
within 25- 30 minutes indicating the location and magnitude of the earthquake.
• Further, if any rise in water level is reported by NIOT, TEWC would issue a Tsunami
warning within 60 minutes of the occurrence of the earthquake.
• The information so generated would be disseminated through various communication
channels to the concerned user agencies in a fully automated mode.

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 WARNING SYSTEMS FOR CYCLONE
FORECASTING AND WARNING OF CYCLONE – INDIAN METEOROLOGICAL
DEPARTMENT
IMD is the nodal agency in the country to monitor and predict the cyclonic disturbances
and issue the warning and advisory bulletins. IMD, New Delhi also acts as a Regional
Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) for providing tropical cyclone advisories to the
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)/ Economic and Social Cooperation for Asia and
the Pacific (ESCAP) Panel members countries viz Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka,
Maldives, Pakistan and Oman. IMD, New Delhi also works as a Tropical Cyclone Advisory
Centre (TCAC) for international civil aviation as per the requirement of International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO)
The cyclone warning are issued to State Government officials in four stages: i.e.
(i) pre-cyclone watch issued 72 hours in advance,
(ii) cyclone alert issued at least 48 hours in advance ,
(iii) cyclone warning issued at least 24 hours in advance, and
(iv) as post landfall outlook issued at least 12 hours in advance of expected time of landfall.
IMD has prepared roadmap for cyclonegenesis and further intensification, monitoring
and prediction.

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 WARNING SYSTEMS FOR FLOOD
FORECASTING AND WARNING OF FLOOD – CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION
The flood forecasting and warning system is used for alerting the likely damage centre
well in advance of the actual arrival of floods, to enable the people to move and also to
remove the moveable property to safer places or to raised platforms specially
constructed for the purpose.
A beginning in scientific flood forecasting was made in November, 1958 by CWC (then
known as Central Water & Power Commission) when a Flood Forecasting Centre was set
up at its Headquarters, at Delhi for giving timely Forecasts and Warnings of the incoming
floods to the villages located in the river areas around the National Capital, Delhi.
The flood forecasting involves the following four main activities:
(i) Observation and collection of hydrological and hydro meteorological data,
(ii) Transmission of Data to forecasting centres,
(iii) Analysis of data and formulation of forecast, and
(iv) Dissemination of forecast
In monitoring the floods, severity of floods are placed in the following four categories by
the CWC
(i) Low Flood stage – It is that flood situation when the water level of the river is flowing
between warning level and danger level of the forecasting stations.
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 WARNING SYSTEMS FOR FLOOD
In monitoring the floods, severity of floods are placed in the following four categories
by the CWC
(i) Low Flood stage – It is that flood situation when the water level of the river is
flowing between warning level and danger level of the forecasting stations.
(ii) Medium flood stage – The river is called in medium floods when its water level is
at or above the danger level of the forecasting station but below 0.50 of its
highest flood level (HFL).
(iii) High flood state – When the water level of the river is below the HFL but within
0.50 m of the HFL of the forecasting stations.
(iv) Unprecedented flood stage – The river is called in unprecedented floods when it
attains water level equal to or above its previous HFL at any forecasting stations.
A computerized monitoring system has been developed under which daily water levels
as observed at 0800 hours and forecasts issued by field units are transmitted to CWC
headquarters in New Delhi.

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 WARNING SYSTEMS FOR LANDSLIDE
FORECASTING AND WARNING OF LANDSLIDE – GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (GSI)
Geological Survey of India (GSI), established in 1851 is a government organization under the Union
Ministry of Mines with the Headquarter at New Delhi for conducting geological surveys and studies. It
is one of the oldest of such organizations in the world.
Study of Land Contour by GSI: Geological Survey of India (GSI) studies the shape and material of the
land getting inundated and generates data on area, shape, slope, infiltration and permeability of soil of
the basin, drainage pattern, landform and longitudinal and cross profiles of the channels. On the basis
of these studies, GSI produces flood hazard maps indicating Prohibitive, Restricted, Cautionary and
Flood Free Zones. Significant flood related studies and recommendations made by GSI are as follows:
• Brahmaputra Valley- a comprehensive geo-environmental data base for environmental
management and flood control generated,
• Lower Banas sub-basin-selective irrigation to prevent rise of ground water table recommended,
Kandi basin in West
• Bengal- GSI recommended construction of small weirs to reduce impact of flood,
• Mokameh Tal area in the Ganga Flood plain - rejuvenation of existing drainage channels to reduce
flood problem recommended,
• Lower Damodar Basin- diversion along artificial canals and re-excavation of old river channel
recommended,
• Landslide zonation map for Himalayan region,
• The contribution of snow melting to annual flood

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 WARNING SYSTEMS FOR LANDSLIDE

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