Disaster Management

Mechanism in Odisha
Disaster Deaths in Odisha (2011-16)
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Avg.
death in % of total
Sl. Disaster Total a year death(16-17)
1 Lightning 295 373 310 403 395 1776 355 29.1

2 Fire 24 30 27 35 81 197 39 6.0

3 Sunstroke 83 16 40 60 47 246 49 3.5

4 Hail Strom 1 4 1 5 9 20 4 0.7

5 Flood 3 89 64 9 3 168 34 0.2

6 Cyclone 0 21 3 0 0 24 5 0.0

7 Boat 35 8 34 19 7 103 20 0.5

Capsize
8 Drowning - - - 223 359 582 291 26.4

9 Snakebite - - - 409 458 867 434 33.7

Total 441 541 479 1163 1359 3983 1231 100

 Sharing of Responsibility
The primary responsibility for undertaking
rescue, relief and rehabilitation measures
during a disaster lies with the State
Governments.
The Union Government supplements their
efforts through logistic and financial support
during severe natural disasters
Guiding Documents for Disaster
Management
 Odisha Relief Code (ORC)
 Disaster Management Act, 2005
 Guidelines issued by NDMA
 State Disaster Management Plan
 District Disaster Management Plan
 Disaster Management Plan prepared by Depts.
 Instructions issued from time to time by
Government & Special Relief Commissioner
 Practices & Precedents
 ORC - Background & General
Principles
 Serves as an operational guide in relief matters
 Supersedes Bihar & Orissa Famine Code 1930
 Applicable for administration of relief measures in the entire
state in respect of natural calamities and fire hazards
 Loss of life & property due to animal menace kept out of
purview of Code for which separate law is available
 Comprised of 17 Chapters
 Separate Chapters for each major calamity i.e. Drought,
Floods, Cyclone & Fire Accidents
 Forms for Reports and Returns
 Also contain Rules for Rainfall Registration
ORC - Natural Calamities
Widespread Localized
• Drought • Gale wind, Tornado
• Flood Cyclone & • Hail Storm
Tidal Disasters • Fire Accident
• Accidents relating to
• Earthquake &
communication & Transport
Volcanic Eruption Services
• Heavy Rain • Lightning, Thunder Squall
• Heat Wave • Virulent Epidemics
• Locust Menace, Pest Attack
• Other calamities
 ORC -Objective of Relief Measures
Ensure that no one dies of starvation
Prevent physical deterioration and destitution of the
people and to enable them to resume their ordinary
pursuits of life on return of better times and
Simultaneously, to encourage the village
community in making concerted and continuous
efforts to fight a common misfortune.
Boosting of the morale of the public in times of
disasters
Approach to relief to be both preventive as well as
maintenance of a common standard of economic
health of the people.
 ORC - Principles of Relief Measures
 Integration of development and relief planning of the areas
affected by natural calamity
 Shelf of projects to be kept ready to be switched into
operation on the occurrence of natural calamity
 Drought & flood proofing through relief work which will
take care of food & drinking water problem in the long run
 Gratuitous relief only when absolutely necessary
 Assistance to farmers in shape of easy availability of seeds
and seedlings, irrigation facility, supply of credit,
eradication of pest attack, remission/ suspension of land
revenue/ collection of loans
 Policy is not to be relief centric
 Cash relief provision for repair/ restoration of damaged
houses, clearance of sand cast in agricultural land and ex-
gratia for death due to death due to disaster
 ORC - Administrative Relief Organisation
• Relief management is a collective responsibility of the
State Government
• Revenue & DM Department and Special Relief
Commissioner coordinate the work of all the
Departments in regard to relief operations.
 Revenue Divisional Commissioners
 Other Heads of Departments
 Collectors
 Sub-Collectors
 Tahasildars, BDOs and other officers of Tahasil & Block
 Block is the unit of Relief Organisation with BDO i/c of unit
 State level Committee on Natural Calamities
 District level Committee on Natural Calamities
 Panchayat Samities and Gram Panchayats are also associated.
 Disaster Management Act 2005
An Act to provide for the effective management
of disasters and for matters connected therewith
or incidental thereto.
Enacted by Parliament
Received assent of the President of India on 23 rd
December 2005
Notified on 26.12.2005
Came into effect from 1st August, 2007
Applicable to the whole of India
4 levels of Disaster Management
National level
State level
District level
Local level
 National Level

National
Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA) (Sec- 3)

National Executive Committee (Sec-8)

Advisory Committee (Sec-7)

National Disaster Management Authority

Prime Minister is the chairman

9 members nominated by the chairman
One of the members nominated as vice
chairman
 Powers & functions of NDMA
Lay down policies on Disaster Management
Approve the national plan
Approve plans made by Ministries and Depts. of
Govt. of India
Lay down guidelines to be followed by State
Authorities in drawing up the State Plan
Make guidelines for Depts. & Ministries
Coordinate enforcement and implementation of
the policy and plan, etc.
Recommend provision of funds for mitigation
Provide support to other countries
Capacity building; Make policies for NIDM
 National Executive Committee (NEC)
 GoI will constitute the NEC to assist the NDMA
 Secy., MHA will be the ex-officio Chairperson
 Secy.s of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Drinking Water,
Defence, Environment and Forest, Finance, Health,
Power, Rural Development, Space, Urban
Development, Water Resources, Chief of the
Integrated Defence Staff, Telecommunication -
Members
 Chairman can invite any other officer of GoI for
taking part in the meeting
 GoI will prescribe the powers and functions for the
NEC
 NEC can constitute one or more sub-committees
 Member of the NEC will be the chairman of the sub-
committee
 Functions of NEC (1/2)
 Act as coordinating and monitoring body
 Prepare national plan
 Coordinate & monitor implement the national policy
 Lay down guidelines for DM Plan of Ministries/
States
 Provide technical assistance to State Government for
preparing their DM plans
 Implement national plan and plans of ministries of
GoI
 Integrating preventive and mitigating measures in the
development plan of ministries
 Monitor and direct ministries and departments and
agencies of Govt.
 Evaluate preparedness at all Govt. levels.

 Functions of NEC (2/2)
Coordinate response in the event of any disaster
Give directions to State Authorities GoI and others
for response
Direct any agency/department of Govt. to make
available any resource or information.
Advise, assist and coordinate
Provide necessary assistance to state authorities and
district authorities for carrying out the functions
under the Act.
Promote general education & awareness on disaster
management
Perform any other function as National Authority
directs.
 National Advisory Committee

National Authority may constitute the

advisory committee consisting of experts.

Central Government will fix the number

of members in consultation with national
authority.
 State level

State Disaster Management Authority

(SDMA)(Sec-14)
State Executive Committee (SEC) (Sec-20)
State Advisory Committee (Sec-17)
State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)
State Government will constitute SDMA
Chief Minister is the chairperson
8 other members to be nominated by the
chairperson
Chairman of the State Executive Committee is
the ex-officio member and Chief Executive
Officer
Chairman may designate the Vice-chairman
from among the members
 Function of SDMA
 Lay down the State DM Policy;
 Approve the State DM Plan and DM Plans of the Depts.;
 Approve the DM Plans prepared by the departments;
 Lay down guidelines to be followed by the departments for
integration of measures for prevention of disasters and mitigation
in their development plans and projects;
 Coordinate the implementation of the State Plan;
 Recommend provision of funds for mitigation and preparedness
measures;
 Review the development plans of the different departments;
 Review the measures taken by the Depts. for mitigation, capacity
building and preparedness and issue necessary guidelines ;
 The Chairperson of SDMA shall, in the case of emergency, have
power to exercise all or any of the powers of the State Authority
subject to ex post facto ratification of SDMA.
State Executive Committee
State Government shall constitute the state
executive committee to assist the state authority.
Chief Secretary will be the ex-officio chairman
of SEC.
4 Secretaries of State Govt. will be members ex-
officio.
The chairperson of SEC will be using powers
delegated by the state authority and state
Government
 Functions of SEC (1/2)
Coordinate/ monitor implement national policy &
plan and state plan
Examine vulnerability of different parts of the
state.
Make guidelines for preparation of DM plans by
Depts.
Monitor implementation of DM plans made by
Depts. and District Authorities.
Implement guidelines made by State Authority
Evaluate preparedness at all government and non-
governmental levels
Coordinate response and give directions to Depts.
 Functions of SEC (2/2)

Promote general education, awareness

Advise, Assist and coordinate activities of the
departments of the government
Provide technical assistance to district authorities
Advise State Govt. on financial matters relating to
Disaster Management
Examine the construction in any local area
Review response plans at state and district level
Ensure communication system and disaster
management drills
Any other function given by State Authority.
State Advisory Committee
State authority may constitute an advisory
committee consisting of experts.
Members of the advisory committee will
be paid allowances
 District Disaster Management Authority

 State Government will constitute the DDMA

 The Collector will be the Chairperson
 President Zilla Parishad will be the Co-chairperson
 TheChief Executive Officer of the Zilla Parishad, SP,
CDMO will be the ex-officio members
2 other district officials can be nominated by the state
government.
 State government shall appoint an officer not below the
rank of ADM as the Chief Executive Officer of DDMA
 Powers & Functions of DDMA (1/2)
 Prepare DM plan for the district
 Implement national policy, state policy, national, state and
district plans.
 Identify vulnerable areas of district
 Ensure guidelines for prevention of disasters are followed
 Give directions to different authorities at district level
 Lay down guidelines for prevention of disaster.
 Monitor implementation of DM plans prepared by
departments.
 Prepare guidelines to be followed by departments.
 Review the preparedness and state of capability.
 Organise specialise training programmes
 Facilitate community training and awareness programmes.
 Set up and maintain the mechanism for dissemination of
early warning
Powers & Functions of DDMA (2/2)
 Coordinates response mechanism during any disaster.
 Ensure departments, prepare their response plans in
accordance with the district response plan
 Advise, assist and coordinate the activities of departments.
 Provide necessary assistance and advise to the local
authorities.
 Review development plans.
 Examine the construction in any area in the district.
 Identify building and places which could be used for disaster
mitigation.
 Stock pile, relief and rescue materials
 Provide information to State Authority.
 Encourage involvement of NGOs
 Ensure communication systems are in order
 Any other function as state authority may assign.
National plan
 Applicable for whole of the country
 Prepared by national executive committee.
 Approved by national authority.

Preventive measures
Integration of mitigation and development
Preparedness and capacity building
Define roles and responsibilities
Standards of Relief
NDMA may lay down guidelines on minimum
standards of relief
Minimum requirements to be provided in the
relief camps in relation to shelter, food, drinking
water medical cover and sanitation
Special provision for widows and orphans
Ex-gratia assistance on account of loss of life
Assistance for damage to house and restoration
of livelihood.
guideline-on-minimum-standard-of-relief.pdf
Relief provision
The National Authority may in case of
disasters of severe magnitude recommend
relief in repayment of loans or grant of
fresh loans to the persons affected by
disaster on such terms as may be
appropriated.
State Plan
State Executive Committee will prepare
the plan

State Authority will approve it.

 District Plan
Prepared by the district authority and approved by
state authority
Vulnerability index
Response protocol
Capacity building
Procurement of essential resources
Establishment of communication links
Dissemination of information to the public
Plan to be reviewed annually
 Powers of district authority
Give directions for release and use of resources
available with any department of government
and local authority in the district.
Control and restrict vehicular traffic
Control and restrict movement of any person in
the vulnerable/affected area
Remove debris, conduct search
Make arrangements for disposal of unclaimed
dead bodies.
Powers of district authority
(Contd…)

Recommend to any department of the

government at district level to take such
measures as deemed to be necessary in its
opinion.
Procure exclusive or preferential use of
amenities from any authority or person.
Demolish structures which may be hazardous to
public or aggravate effects of disaster.
Ensure NGOs carry out their activities in
equitable and non-discriminatory manner.
 Local Authorities (41, 1)
 Work subject to the directions of the district authority
 Ensure its offices and employees are trained for disaster
management
 Ensure resources are maintained and readily available for
use in disaster situation.
 Ensure all construction projects under it or within its
jurisdiction confirm to the standards and specifications laid
down for prevention of disasters by national, state and
district authority.
 Carry out relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities
in the affected area in accordance with the state plan and
district plan.
 Local authority may take such other measures as may be
necessary for disaster management.
 Financial Aspect – Central Govt.
National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF)
National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF) –
Not implemented
Response fund will be made available to the
National Executive Committee to be applied
towards meeting the expenses for emergency
response, relief and rehabilitation.
The mitigation fund shall be applied by the
national authority
 Financial Aspect – State Govt.
State Disaster Response Fund
District Disaster Response Fund Not
State Disaster Mitigation Fund implemented
District Disaster Mitigation Fund
The State Disaster Response Fund will be
available to the State Executive Committee
The State Disaster Mitigation Fund will be
available to state authority.
The District Disaster Response & Mitigation
Funds will be available to district authority.
 Financial Aspect
Every Ministry / Department shall make
provisions in its annual budget for carrying out
activities and programmes in its disaster
management plan.
The national, state or district authority if satisfied
can direct immediate procurement of provisions.
Standard procedure requiring invitation of tenders
shall be deemed to be waived
A certificate about utilisation of provision of
materials by the controlling office authorised by
the national, state or district authority as the case
may be shall be deemed to be a valid document or
voucher for the purpose of utilisation of such
provisions or material.
 Offences and Penalties
Punishment for obstruction, refusal to comply
direction of government and authority.
Punishment for false claim.
Punishment for misappropriation of money and
material.
Punishment for false warning.
The HOD of the departments or government will
be personally be liable to punishment unless he
proves otherwise.
Punishment for failure of officer on duty or his
connivance at the contravention of the provision of
this act.
Offences and Penalties
(Contd…)
No prosecution for offences punishable
under section-55 & 56 shall instituted
except with the previous sanction of
central government or state government or
any officer authorised in this behalf by
general or special order.
 Cognizance of Offence

No court of law shall take cognizance of an

offence under this act except on complaint
made by -
◦ The national authority, state authority, district
authority, central government and statement or
any authorised person.
◦ Any person who has given notice of not less
than 30 days in the prescribed manner, of the
alleged offence and his intention to make
complain to the authorities and governments.
 Miscellaneous Powers
 Powers to be made available for rescue operation.
 Making or amending rules etc. in certain circumstances.
 Power of requisition of resources provisions, vehicles etc.
for rescue operations.
 Direction to media for communication of warnings
 Only the Supreme Court and the High Court shall have
the jurisdiction to entertain any suit under the act.
 Action taken in good faith.
 Immunity from legal process to officers and employees of
central and state government and authorities and
executive committees in regard to any warning issued for
disaster mitigation.
Nodal Ministry for Management / Mitigation of
Different Disasters
Institutional Arrangement
(State Level)
 State Government
 Revenue & Disaster management- Nodal Department
 Special Relief Commissioner-cum-Principal Secretary,
Disaster Management heads
 State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) chaired
by Chief Minister
 State Executive Committee (SEC) chaired by Chief
Secretary of the State
 State level Committee on Natural Calamities chaired
by Chief Minister with representation of MPs & MLAs
 Odisha State Disaster Management Authority
(OSDMA)
 Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force (ODRAF)
 Fire & Disaster Response Force
 Line Departments
Institutional Arrangement
(District Level)
 District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
 District level Committee on Natural Calamities
chaired by the Collector-All MPs & MLAs of the
district are members
 Collector & Dist Level officers
 Administrative machinery below Dist Level
OTHER STAKEHOLDERS
 Panchayati Raj Institutions
 Corporate and Industrial Houses
 Volunteer-based Organisations (NYK, NSS, NCC,
Civil Defence, etc.)
 Civil Society Organizations (NGO, CBO, SHG,
CSMMC, etc.)
 Special Relief Commissioner

• Looks after preparedness, response, relief &

rehabilitation
• Responsible for emergency management in State
 Exercise complete control so far as relief operations are
concerned
• Timely provision of relief, rescue, rehabilitation
assistance
• Monitoring disaster response at district level
• Coordinating with Depts. for preventive/ response
measures
• Ensure correct/ proper assessment of damage
• Requisition personnel, material, building, vehicles,
vessels from any Govt. Org./ Dept./ PSU/ Pvt.
Companies/ Individuals
 Special Relief Commissioner
contd…
• Advise State Govt. on DM
• Mobilizing support from govt. /non-govt. institutions
• Documentation and reporting to Govt.
• SRC administers funds (SDRF/ NDRF) as decided by
the State Executive Committee.
• SRC is a monitoring and funding agency
• The actual expenditure is made by the concerned
Collectors/ Line Departments/ Agencies
• After expenditure by Collectors/ Line Departments/
Agencies, SRC ensures collection of U.C.s from the
concerned recipients of SDRF/ NDRF
 Collectors
• Prepare/update District DM Plans
• Coordinate/consult with Depts./Others for disaster
response
• Issue timely warning to agencies/ Depts./ people
• Take all possible measures for management/
mitigation of calamity
• Accountable for proper utilisation of funds received
from SRC
• Seek/ mobilize support/ assistance from govt./ non-
govt. agencies for disaster response
• Coordinate/ monitor response at district level
• Furnish first information report to SRC
• Submit Reports and Returns
 OSDMA
• Long term preparedness/ mitigation activities
• Capacity Building
• Community awareness
• Construction and maintenance of Flood/ Cyclone
Shelters
• Coordinate and implement reconstruction projects
• Assist in drawing up/ updating DM Plans at State/
district levels
• Advise Govt. on planning, policy aspects of DM, damage
assessment, evaluation, documentation for learning
• Coordination with non-state actors/other agencies in
DM
• Link DM with community safety
•