CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001 (ASME) Rev.0 ENG

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PROCEDIMIENTO PARA INSPECCION POR MEDIO DE ULTRASONIDO

CONFORME AL CODIGO ASME
PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC INSPECTION ACCORDING TO ASME CODE
CÓDIGO/ CODE: CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001
REV: 00
FECHA DE EMISIÓN/ISSUE DATE: 21/07/2022
Artur G zalez Martinez

Tec. Nivel II SNT-TC-1A
PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC INSPECTION ACCORDING
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
JULIO-2022 CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001 0 2 DE: 29
1. OBJECTIVE
Establish the sequence methodology and general guidelines according to the ASME code for ultrasonic inspection
by the direct contact angular beam technique.
2. SCOPE AND RESPONSIBILITIES

The scope of this procedure is to perform ultrasonic inspection in welds and base material whose thicknesses are
greater than 5/16 ", and under techniques used by manual tracking, contact, pulseecho, by means of transverse
and longitudinal waves.
The inspection may be carried out on materials with or without coatings, on butt, circumferential and longitudinal
welds, support and connections on pipe branches in installations such as boilers and their components, pressure
vessels and process piping.
3. REVISION
This procedure will be reviewed and updated if any activity is detected that, due to its relevance, is considered
as an area for improvement, preventive action or corrective action, or when there is a new revision of the
reference regulations.
4. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
This procedure adheres to the requirements of the following reference documents:
• ASME Section I,
• ASME Section V,
• ASME Section VIII Div.1,
• ASME B31.1,
• ASME B31.3,
• DNVGL-ST-F101.
5. STAFFING REQUIREMENTS
Personnel performing inspections shall be at least Level I qualified in non-destructive ultrasound technique, in
accordance with recommended practice SNT-TC-1. A
The personnel who interpret and evaluate the indications and / or results of the inspections carried out, as well as
the preparation of the corresponding technical reports must be qualified and certified at least level II in the
ultrasonic inspection method in accordance with recommended practice SNT-TC-1 A.
6. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
A substance usually a liquid or semi-liquid that is employed, between the probe interface and the test surface, to
enable or transmission of ultrasonic energy into the test object.
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
Type "A" Sweep : A method of presenting data on a cathode ray tube (CRT) or other visual presentation component,
which uses a horizontal base timeline representing the distance or time of an indication located on a base material
as well as the height represented in a vertical amplitude. The horizontal distance between either signal represents
the distance within the material between the two conditions of causes indicated.
Basic calibration. - It is the procedure for adjusting an ultrasonic instrument using calibration reflectors described
by a specification.
Contact Method: The test method in which the face of the probe is in close direct contact with the test object
through a thin film of coupler.
Discontinuity.- An interruption or change in the physical structure of the characteristics of a material.
Frequency, Test.- The rated frequency of the ultrasonic wave used during the test.
The number of times per second that an electro-acoustic probe is excited by generating an electrical pulse, to
produce a pulse of ultrasonic energy.
Probe is the assembled device consisting of a piezoelectric crystal, backing material (damping), wear plate or hot
shoe (optional) and electrical conductors contained in a housing.
Angular Beam Probe.- It is the combination of a straight beam transducer and a plexiglass shoe which can produce
cutting waves in a part subject to inspection.
Straight Beam.- An ultrasonic wave with normal incidence on the test surface.
Angular Beam- A wave directed or focused to travel at an angle, measured from a normal test surface
(perpendicular) to the centerline of the sound beam.
Rejection (Suppressor).- An electronic setting in the ultrasonic instrument to reduce or eliminate low-amplitude
signals (electrical or material noise).
Sensitivity.- (1) It is the ability of the ultrasonic system to detect small discontinuities (2) The level of amplification
at which the receiver circuit of an ultrasonic instrument is adjusted.
Attenuation.- It is the loss of acoustic energy which, occurs between any of two points of travel, this loss can be due
to absorption, reflection, dispersion, etc.
Attenuator.- It is a component between the signal source and the amplifier, which reduces the amplitude of the
signals usually calibrated in decibels (dB).
Ultrasonic Indication.- A term commonly used referring to the response of any ultrasonic energy presented on the
display of the equipment. This may or may not be produced by a discontinuity.
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Date Code Rev PÁG
Leg.- The travel path of the shear wave in a straight line before being reflected by the surface of the material being
inspected (see drawing to identify the leg). Leg I and leg II form a "V" trajectory.
Reference or Known Reflector.- It is the reflector with a known geometry located in an IIW reference block or other
approved blocks.
7. SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS
Before commencing any work, the inspector must verify that the work area meets sufficient safety conditions to
ensure the safety of personnel during inspections. At all times the personnel must wear the personal protective
equipment (PPE), applicable to the activity that requires it.
a. Level I personnel are only allowed to work under the supervision of a Level II or Level III technician
and must fully comply with this procedure.
b. Only a Level II or Level III inspector is allowed to carry out the interpretation of results.
8. DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSPECTION

RESPONSIBLE DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES RECORDS
Equipment and accessories:
Ultrasonic instrument: The ultrasonic equipment will be of the pulse-echo

type with the ability to generate frequencies in a range of 1 to 5 MHz,
INSPECTOR different frequencies can be used if an equal or lower sensitivity can be
demonstrated and documented.
Or The equipment will provide staggered gain control of 2 db or less.
EXECUTOR
Ultrasonic Instrument Calibration: Ultrasonic instruments should be
checked and evaluated in operation at least once a year.
Reference blocks
The calibration block that will be used to detect the beam exit point, refracted
angle and distance calibration will be IIW type 1 or 2.
INSPECTOR
Range of Block Use. When the thickness of the ±1" block covers 2 weld
Or thickness ranges shown in Figure 1, block utilization should be acceptable in
those portions of each thickness range covered by 1 inch (25 mm).
EXECUTOR
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
For example, a calibration block with a thickness of 1 1/2" (38mm) can be

used for a weld thickness of 0.5" (13mm) to 2.5" (64mm).
For non-tubular and tubular connections of 20" diameter and larger, the basic
calibration block shown in Figure 1 shall be used.
For tubular connections use the basic calibration block in Figure 2.
Flat or curved welded samples for the examination of coarse-grained

materials.
Block requirements
INSPECTOR
Manufacturing material of the block.
Or
(a) Similar metal welds. The material from which the block is manufactured
EXECUTOR must be of the same shape as the product, and specification of the material or
equivalent to the grouping of P numbers as one of the materials to be
inspected. For the purposes of this paragraph, numbers P1, 3, 4 and 5 are
considered equivalent.
(b) Different Metal Welds. The selection of the material should be based on
the material on the side of the weld from which the examination will be made.
If the inspection will be performed on both sides, calibration reflectors must
be provided on both materials.
Basic calibration blocks flat or with essentially the same curvature of the part
under inspection, can be used where the diameter of inspection surface is
greater than 20".
A basic curved calibration block will be used to inspect surfaces in a

curvature range of 0.9 to 1.5 times the diameter of the block in materials
where the surface curvature has a diameter of 20" or less.
Quality. Before manufacture, the block material must be examined with a

straight beam probe. Areas containing indications exceeding the remaining
posterior reflection shall be excluded from the beam paths required to
establish calibration reflectors.
Coating. When the component is coated, the block will be coated with the
same welding process. When the coating is deposited with an automatic
welding process, the application of the coating can be by the manual method.
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
Heat treatment. The calibration block shall receive the minimum tempering
treatment required by the material specification for type and grade. If the
calibration block has a different weld than the coating, and if the component
weld has been heat-treated, the block shall receive the same heat treatment.
The finish on the surfaces of the blocks must be representative of the surface
finishes of the components under test.
Tracking units (transducers)
Transducers can be dual or single. Straight beam transducers shall not have a
diameter less than 1/4" or a surface area greater than 1" square.
Frequency: The nominal frequency to be used should be 2.25 MHz unless

other variables such as the grain structure of the base material, require the use
of other frequencies to ensure penetration with the required resolution. The
frequency range should be between 1MHz to 5MHz
Angular transducers. The minimum diameter of the transducer shall be

0.250" in diameter and the maximum 1 1/8" in diameter or 1" square of active
crystal area. The nominal frequency of the transducer for the inspection of
carbon steels should be 2.0, 2.25 or 5 MHZ.
Angular shoes. It is permissible to use shoes of 45°, 60° or 70° with a

tolerance of ± 2° maximum of variation, and a maximum temperature of up
to 70°C in welding inspection.
Special shoes. Transducers with contoured shoes can be used to facilitate

ultrasonic coupling. The calibration in any case must be done with the same
shoes that are used during the test.
When it is required to perform inspections with high temperatures, special

shoes recommended by the transducer manufacturer may be used.
Acoplantes.
INSPECTOR The same coupler used during the inspection must be the same as that used
in the calibration of the equipment. Glycerin, oil, grease or an aqueous
Or mixture of suitable consistency can be used as a coupling medium. The
coupling agent that includes additives must not damage the material being
EXECUTOR
inspected.
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
Couplings used in nickel-based alloys shall not contain more than 250 PPM
of sulphur.
Couplings used in austenitic stainless steels or titanium shall not contain more
than 250 ppm chlorides plus fluorides.
CALIBRATION.
Calibration of the complete ultrasonic inspection system will be performed

prior to any ultrasonic inspection activity. The nominal wall thickness of the
component to be inspected should be used to select the calibration block and
transducers.
Calibration will be performed from the surface. This may be with or without
some coating, the profile of the surface inspected may be convex or concave
The Level II technician must ensure that the volume of the component
thickness is fully inspected.
The sweep range can be calibrated with additional 'V' trajectories to ensure
the required coverage. The required coverage should be selected by taking in
thicker thickness of the elements to be inspected.
Screen Height Linearity.
The instrument shall provide a linear vertical display within 5% of ± total

screen height of 20 to 80% of the calibrated display (from baseline to
maximum calibrated display point). The procedure for assessing screen
height linearity should be performed at the beginning of each period of heavy
use (or every 3 months, whichever is less).
To verify that the instrument meets the linearity requirements, position an

angular beam transducer as shown in Figure 3 in such a way that indications
can be observed from holes 1/2T and 3/4T of the basic calibration block.
Adjust the position to give a 2:1 ratio between the two indications, with the
largest placed at 80% of the total screen height. Without moving the probe,
adjust the sensitivity (gain) to successively place the largest indication from
100% to 20% of the total screen height, in 10% increments (or 2dB steps if
fine control is not available) and read the smallest indication at each setting.
The reading should be 50% of the widest amplitude, within 5% of the total
screen height.
Adjustments and readings should be as close to 1% of the full scale.

Alternatively, a straight beam transducer can be used over any block that
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
provides an amplitude difference, with sufficient signal separation to avoid

overlap of the two signals.
Linearity of Amplitude Control.
The ultrasonic instrument shall use an amplitude control with an accuracy in

its useful range of ±20% of the nominal amplitude ratio to allow the
measurement of indications beyond the linear range of the vertical display
presentation. The procedure for assessing the linearity of amplitude control
should be performed at the beginning of each period of heavy use (or every
3 months, whichever is less).
To verify the accuracy of the instrument's amplitude control, position an

angular beam transducer as shown in Figure 3 until the indication from the
1/2T hole of the basic calibration block is observed on the display. With the
increments and decreases in attenuation shown in the following table, the
indication should fall within the specified limits. Other suitable blocks can be
used with angular or straight transducers.
Adjustment of the dB change Indication limits %

INSPECTOR Indication to % control of total screen
of the total screen
Or 80% -6 dB 32 A 48%
80% -12 dB 16 A 24%
EXECUTOR 40% +6dB 64 A 96%
20% +12 dB 64 A 96%
Calibration with Straight Beam.
Distance calibration: Place the transducer on the IIW Block in the

thickness of 1", and adjust the instrument to produce indications in
1", 2", 3", 4", etc. on the screen, each with an allowed variation of 0.2
of the screen width.
Amplitude: The gain will be adjusted by bringing the peak of the first
indication to a height of 50 to 75% of the total height of the screen.
Calibration with Angle Beam.

INSPECTOR
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
Calibration for distance. The calibration of the ultrasonic system will

Or be using the polar method (4" radius and multiple echoes). The
calibration range on the screen will be from 5" to 10" depending on
EXECUTOR the thickness and size of the leg
Basic calibration blocks.
Non-Tubular Calibration. Calibration should be developed using the

calibration block shown in Fig. 1
Calibration for pipes. Calibrations should be performed using the calibration

block shown in Fig. 2.
Welded samples
For ultrasonic inspection of coarse-grained materials (e.g. high alloy steels

and high nickel alloys) welded samples of tubular joints or plates simulating
typical cross-sections of a suitable length shall contain machined notches, one
at the melting line and one at the weld root, the notches shall be parallel to
the weld and shall be spaced a sufficient distance apart to produce two
separate and distinguishable signals.
The notches will be made according to the requirements of the pipe

calibration blocks (see figure 2).
Calibration reflectors. Calibration reflectors shall be used to establish the

reference response of the equipment. The reflectors will be located in a basic
calibration block. When the thickness of the block is 1" and covers 2 weld
thickness ranges shown in Figure 1, the use of the block will be acceptable in
those portions of the thickness range covered by 1".
Distance-Amplitude Correction (DAC).
A DAC curve is required in all pipe welds using the block shown in Figure
2. For full-thickness inspection, the grooves will be used as calibration
reflectors. The angular beam must be directed towards the reflector that
generates the maximum response, adjusting to a screen height of 80%. The
transducer must then be manipulated, without changing the instrument
settings, to obtain the maximum responses of the calibration reflectors in the
distance increments necessary to generate a DAC curve with at least 3 points.
Calibration for evaluation.

INSPECTOR
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
The calibration for the fault evaluation will be using the rectangular method
Or (DAC curve), three curves will be built on the screen at 80%, 50% (-6db) of
and 20% (-14dB of the first curve).
EXECUTOR
All points of the DAC shall have a minimum of 20% of the Total Screen
Height (FSH) m a second curve may be required to properly inspect the entire
volume.
It must be demonstrated that the total examination volume and beam path
required are covered by the DAC and that all points in the DAC (primary or
secondary) have an amplitude of at least 20%FSH.
Temperature and Calibration Coupler.
Temperature. For contact examination, the temperature differential between

the calibration block and the examination surfaces must be within 25°F
(14°C). In addition, the same coupler that will be used during the inspection
shall be used.
Calibration confirmation
System Changes. When any part of the system is changed, a calibration check
will be performed on the base block to ensure that the points in the distance
range and sensitivity satisfy the requirements of 6.7.
Periodic checks during the inspection. A calibration check on at least one of

the reflectors in the base block shall be performed at the end of each
inspection or series of similar inspections, every four hours during the
inspection, and when inspection personnel are changed. Points in the distance
range and sensitivity must satisfy the requirements of 6.7.
Confirming acceptance values
Points in the distance range. If a point on the DAC curve has moved on the
sweep line more than 10% of the distance record or 5% of the total sweep,
whichever is greater, correct the distance range calibration and note the
correction in the inspection log. All indications recorded since the last
calibration or valid verification will be re-examined and their values will be
changed in the results report.
Sensitivity Positions. If a point on the DAC curve has changed by more than
20% or 2 dB of its amplitude, correct the calibration for sensitivity and note
the correction in the inspection log. If sensitivity has decreased, reports of
results since the last valid verification will be voided and the area covered by
the voided results will be re-examined. If sensitivity has increased, all
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
indications recorded since the last calibration or valid verification will be re-
examined and their values will be changed in the results reports.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSPECTION.

INSPECTOR
Surface conditions.
Or
Base metal. The crawl area shall be free of splashes, dust, grease,
EXECUTOR non-coupling oil, paint and flakes. The surface shall allow coupling
between the parts.
Inspection with straight beam. The area over which the angle beam
tracking will be carried out shall be inspected with a straight beam.
Discontinuities in the base metal will be reported to the customer for
acceptance rejection.
Welding Metal. If the welding surface interferes with the inspection, it

will be conditioned as needed to allow inspection.
Reference System.
Each weld must be located and identified by a system of reference points.
ASME Ultrasonic
The reference system of the weld will consist of the placement of reference Test Report
points in the center line of the slitching, The spacing of the reference points
will be of equal increments with consecutive numbers (e.g. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.).
The spacing, number of points and zero point will be recorded in the report
format. The center line of the weld shall divide the two inspection surfaces.
Circumferential welding of vessels and pipe.
The zero point will be placed on axis 0. And the reference points placed in
the direction of the hands of the clock, as seen from above or, for horizontal
containers, from the entrance of the container. The surfaces to be inspected
must be identified.
Longitudinal welding of vessels
Longitudinal welds should be drawn from the center line of the

circumferential weld at the upper end of the weld or, for horizontal vessels,
the end of the weld closest to a nozzle of the vessel. The inspection surface
must be identified clockwise or counterclockwise as seen from above the
container or, for horizontal containers, from the inlet of the container.
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
Nozzle-vessel welds.
The outer reference circle must have a sufficient radius so that the circle falls
on the outer surface of the vessel beyond the fillet weld. The inner reference
circle must have a sufficient radius so that the circle falls within 13mm of the
welding center line. The 0° point in the weld should be the top of the nozzle.
Point 0° for vertically oriented injector welds should be located on the 0° axis
of the vessel or for horizontal vessels, the point closest to the vessel inlet. The
angular stroke of the weld must be made clockwise on the outer surface and
counterclockwise on the inner surface. Line 0°, 90°, 180° and 270° shall be
marked on all nozzle welds examined; The 30° increment line should be
marked on nozzle welds larger than 8 in. (200 mm) nominal diameter; The
15° increment line should be marked on nozzle welds larger than 24 in. (600
mm) nominal diameter; The 5° increment line should be marked on nozzle
welds larger than 48 in. (1200 mm) in diameter.
INSPECTOR
Identification of Inspection Areas.
Or
The location of the welds and their identification shall be recorded on a
EXECUTOR welding map or identification plan.
If welds are permanently marked, low-impact hit letters will be used. Marks
after the final stress release of the component shall not be deeper than 3/64"
(1.2 mm).
GENERAL INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS.
Exam Coverage.
The volume to be swept should be inspected by moving the probe over the
crawling surface in such a way that the entire volume is inspected for each
required probe.
In addition to welding, adjacent base metal will be inspected up to 1/2" or

1/2T from welding, whichever is greater.
Overlap.
At least 10% of the perpendicular dimension of the transducer (piezoelectric

element) to the direction of the sweep must overlap at each probe step.
Probe Movement Speed.
The speed of probe movement shall not exceed 6 in/sec (150 mm/s).
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
Trace sensitivity level
The Trace Sensitivity Level shall be set to a minimum of 6dB above the
reference level setting.
When the Reference Code Section requires the identification and evaluation
of all indications exceeding 20% DAC, the gain must be increased so that no
calibration reflector indication is less than 40% FSH. Alternatively, the trace
sensitivity level can be set 14 dB higher than the reference level. (This
INSPECTOR additional gain to the reference DAC curve makes indications exceeding 20%
easily identifiable and evaluated.)
Or
Tracking.
EXECUTOR
The welded joint shall be tracked with an angular probe in parallel and
INSPECTOR transverse directions (four sweeps) to the weld axis. Prior to the inspection, a
straight beam inspection should be performed on the volume of the base metal
Or through which the angular beam will travel, to locate any reflectors that may
limit the ability of the angle beam to examine the weld volume.
EXECUTOR
Make angle.
The probe and angle shall be appropriate for the configuration to be inspected
and shall be able to detect the calibration reflectors, in the required angular
beam path.
Reflectors parallel to welding.
The angular beam shall be directed approximately at right angles to the axis
of the weld from both sides of the weld on the same surface where possible.
The probe will be manipulated so that the ultrasonic beam passes through the
required volume of weld and adjacent base metal. The oscillation of the probe
is allowed to demonstrate that an improvement in coverage is obtained.
Reflectors Transversely Oriented to Welding.
The angular beam will be directed parallel to the axis of the weld The probe
must be manipulated in such a way that the ultrasonic energy passes through
the required volume of the weld and the adjacent base metal. The probe
should be rotated 180° and the inspection repeated.
If the weld reinforcement is not flush machined or ground off, the test will be
performed from the base metal by both sides of weld in both directions.
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
Inaccessible welds.
Welds that cannot be inspected from at least one side using the angular beam
technique should be noted in the inspection report. For flange welds, the weld
can be inspected with straight beam or small-angle longitudinal waves from
the flange face anticipating that the volume can be covered.
Interpretation of defects.
The characterization of discontinuities shall be based on the amplitude of the

indications, signal shape, length and location in the weld.
The length of the reflectors will be based on the drop of 6 dB or with the ratio
of 2:1.
The reflector size shall be based on the DAC curves of 80% and 50% height
on the screen developed in accordance with point 6.4 of this procedure with
the 2:1 regime.
Discontinuities producing indications greater than 20% of the reference level

shall be investigated to their full extent in order to be evaluated according to
the acceptance criteria mentioned in 6.12.
The identity, maximum amplitude, location, and extent of the reflector

causing a metallurgical or geometric indication shall be interpreted and
recorded according to the procedure included in Annex A.
Finish the procedure.

TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
Hole
Calibration Block Thickness Notch Dimensions
Weld Thickness (t) in. (mm) Diameter
(T) in. (mm) in. (mm)
in. (mm)
Up to 1 (25) 3⁄4 (19) or t 3⁄32 (2.5)
Notch Depth = 2% T
Over 1 (25) through 2 (51) 1 1⁄2 (38) or t 1⁄8 (3)
Notch Width = 1⁄4 (6) max.
Over 2(50) through 4(100) 3 (76) or t 3⁄16 (5)
Notch Length = 1 (25) min
Over 4 (100) t ± 1 (25) Note 1
Notes:
1.- For each increment of 2 in. (50 mm) weld thickness, or fraction over 4 in. (100 mm), the hole diameter shall be increased by
1⁄16 in. (1.5 mm).
2.- For tolerances and other general notes see figure T-434.2.1 in the ASME Code section V.
3.- T, is the nominal thickness of the material for welds without reinforcement or, for welds with reinforcement the nominal
thickness plus the estimated welding reinforcement that does not exceed the maximum allowed by the reference section.
4.- When two or more thicknesses are involved, the thickness of the calibration block T will be determined by the average
thickness of the weld. Or, a block based on the largest thickness can be used as long as the size of the reference reflector is
based on the average weld thickness.
Figure 1 – Calibration blocks for non-tubular connections

TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
* The notches will be located more than T or 1 in. (25 mm), whichever is greater, at any edge of the block or at another notch.
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) The minimum block length (L) shall be 8 in. (200mm) or 8T, whichever is greater.
(b) For an outer diameter (DE) of 4 in. (100 mm) or less, the minimum arc length shall be 270°. For DE greater than 4 in. (100 mm), the minimum arc length shall
be 8 in. (200 mm) or 3T, whichever is greater.
(c) The notch depth shall be 8% T min to 11% T max. The width of the notches shall be 1⁄4 in. (6 mm) max. The length of the notches shall be 1 in. (25 mm) min.
Figure 2 – Calibration blocks for tubular connections.

TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
9. EVALUATION
- Acceptance Criteria according to ASME Section I, ASME Section VIII Div. I, ASME B31.1 and
ASME B31.3
A. Indications characterized as cracks, lack of fusion, or incomplete penetration are unacceptable regardless
of length.
B. Other imperfections are unacceptable if their indications exceed the amplitude of the reference amplitude
level and their lengths exceed:
a) 6 mm for t up to 19 mm;
b) 1/3t for t from 19 mm to 57 mm;
c) 19 mm for t greater than 57 mm
Where "t" is the weld thickness, excluding any allowable reinforcement. In butt-welded joints joining two members
of different thicknesses, T is the thickness of the thinnest member. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld,
the throat size of the fillet will be included in T.
- Evaluation of Laminar Reflectors
Reflectors evaluated as laminar reflectors on the base material interfering with the sweep of the inspection volume
shall require the angular beam inspection technique so that the maximum possible volume is inspected, and shall
be noted in the inspection record.
- Repairs.
Repairs should be re-inspected using the same procedure that was first used to detect and evaluate discontinuities.
- Essential variables
A change in the following essential variables of a value or range of values set in this procedure is not allowed.
• Weld configurations to be examined, including thickness dimensions and base metal

shapes.
• The areas from which the examination is to be carried out
• Technique(s)
• Angle(s) and mode(s) of wave propagation in the material.
• Probe type, frequency(s), and transducer size(s)
• Special probes, shoes, wedges, when used
• Ultrasonic instrument(s) type
• Calibration (calibration block(s) and technique(s))
• Direction and extent of sweep
• Geometric Fault Indication Discrimination Method
• Method of dimensioning of indications Computerized improvement of acquired data,
when used
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Date Code Rev PÁG
• Sweep overlap (decrement only)

Registration of Indications
Non-rejectable indications. Non-objectionable indications will be recorded as specified in the reference section.
Objectionable indications. Objectionable indications will be recorded. At a minimum, the type of indication (e.g.
cracks, malfuses, slag, etc.), location, and extent (e.g. length) should be recorded.
Inspection records
For each ultrasonic examination, the following information must be recorded and identified:
a) identification and review of the procedure;
b) Identification of the ultrasonic instrument (including manufacturer's serial number).
c) identification of probe(s) (including manufacturer's serial number, frequency, and size);
d) beam angles used;
e) used coupler, trade name or type;
f) coaxial cables used, type and length;
g) special equipment when used (probes, wedges, shoes, automatic sweeping equipment, recording equipment,
etc.);
h) identification of the computer program and review when it is used;
i) Identification of the calibration block;
j) gain of reference level of the instrument and, if used, damping and rejection adjustments;
k) calibration data (including reference reflectors, indication amplitude and distance readings);
l) identification and location of weld or swept volume;
m) area(s) from which the inspection was carried out, including the condition of the surface;
n) Map or record of detected objectionable indications or healthy areas;
o) restricted access areas or inaccessible welds;
p) identity of inspection personnel and level of qualification;
q) Date and time the inspections were conducted.
Account
The report shall be completed and maintained according to the reference section of the code in the format CAES-
FOR01-OPE-UT-PRO-001 (ASME Ultrasonic Test Report)
ANNEX A: EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS AND DISCRIMINATION OF INDICATIONS
GENERAL INFORMATION
Any reflector that causes an indication higher than 20%DAC, to the reference sensitivity, should be investigated to
the degree necessary to provide accurate characterization, identity and position. All indications must be evaluated
in terms of applicable acceptance criteria of the Reference Code Section.
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
During inspection, the scan range can be adjusted for indication and characterization. The final recording of
indications must be made using the sweep and DAC settings established during calibration.
CLASSIFICATION OF INDICATIONS
Indications of faults;
All indications produced by reflectors within the inspected volume, without taking into account the amplitude, which
cannot be clearly attributed to the geometry of the weld configuration (against bevel, root, metallurgical responses,
etc.) should be considered as indications of failures.
Geometric or Metallurgical Indications;

Certain metallurgical discontinuities and geometric conditions may produce indications that are not relevant.
Included in this category are: segregations in the heat-affected area that become reflective after manufacturing. In
a straight beam exam, these may appear as line or dot indications. In an angular beam examination, indications that
come from surface or in-volume conditions to be examined (such as weld root geometry, counterbevel, root,
acoustic interface, acoustic noise, etc.), or variations in the metallurgical structure of austenitic materials
(Such as the interface of coating welds with manual or automatic welding) can be classified as geometric indications.
All should be considered as geometric or metallurgical indications.
The identity, maximum amplitude, position and extent of the reflector causing a geometric indication must be
recorded.
The following steps must be taken to classify an indication as geometric:
(a) Interpret the area containing the reflector according to the fault indications or geometric or metallurgical
indications criteria listed below in this section.
(b) Plot and verify the coordinate of reflectors. Prepare a sketch of the cross section showing the reflector position
and surface discontinuities, such as root, weld reinforcements and;
(c) Review x-rays, fabrication or welding drawings, actual fabrication drawings, constructed, or any other
available means to accurately identify the reflector.
DISCRIMINATION OF INDICATIONS
Indications of faults.
All possible indications of faults should be investigated and evaluated considering the following indication
characteristics. These characteristics should not be considered as mandatory criteria for classifying indications as
defects, but are listed as significant points of interest to the examiner to consider during the evaluation of suspicious
areas.
(a) The indication with a good signal-to-noise ratio (e.g. 2:1) with defined start and end points. These characteristics
can be supported by observing the signal-to-noise ratio variation along the component.
(b) Traces of indications in positions susceptible cracks. This characteristic can be supported by obtaining the
localized thickness and surface contour registers in the position of the indications.
(c) The indication can be discovered with multiple probe angles, a higher angle provides comparable or greater signal
response. This feature can be supported with a suitable reference reflector (a surface notch or equivalent).
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
(d) The indication provides substantial and unique eco-dynamic travel. This characteristic can be supported by
observing other areas along the sample and with the appropriate reference reflector (a surface notch or equivalent).
(e) Several areas of single or multiple amplitude peaks are observed throughout the indication length. This feature
can be supported by observing other areas along the sample and exploring along the indication length laterally.
(f) The indication maintains or provides an increase in signal amplitude when the beam is inclined from normal. This
characteristic can be supported by observing other areas throughout the sample.
(g) Inconsistent time base positions are observed everywhere in the indication length when the probe is moved
parallel along the reflector. This feature can be supported by exploring along the indication length laterally.
(h) The indication shows evidence of typical fault signals.
(i) Circumference indications provide axial components performing tangential scans.
(j) For circumferential defects the indication can be confirmed on the opposite side of the weld. This features may
require a lower probe frequency.
(k) For axial faults, indications can be confirmed from the opposite direction. This feature depends on the orientation
of the fault and is not always available.
(l) The indication is near, or starts from, a geometric reflector and separate distinct signals and amplitude
fluctuations may be observed. This feature may require an increase in signal resolution capability in order to make
this assessment. Examples include screen size reduction and slower crawl speeds.
(m) For components where access is limited to only one side of the component, the following information should
be considered:
• Because of the uncertainty associated with defect orientation and actual component thickness on the
inaccessible side of the weld, an exact inner surface connection on the far side of the weld may be impossible
to achieve.
• For possible indications of far-side failures several probe angles should be evaluated to optimize response.
Geometric or Metallurgical Indications
All possible geometric or metallurgical indications must be investigated and evaluated taking into account the
following characteristics:
These characteristics should not be considered as mandatory criteria for classifying indications, but are listed as
important points of interest to be considered by the inspector during the evaluation of suspicious areas.
(a) The indication appears on or near the center line of the weld or other documented geometric condition (e.g.,
against bevels) and can be seen continuously or intermittently.
Intermittently along the weld in consequent amplitude and elimination positions. This characteristic can be
supported by recording the localized thickness and surface contour in the position of the indications.
(b) The indication provides additional responses, occurring in the same trace position, but at different (multiple)
sweep positions along the weld. This may be a sign of mode conversions of shear wave signals from the counter
bezel or similar geometry reflectors. This feature may require an increase in the time base size in order to observe
these responses.
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
(c) The indication can be seen across the full length of scan, continuously or intermittently, at consistent sweep
positions and amplitudes. This feature can be supported by tracking the indication laterally along its length.
(d) Inspecting with a higher angle probe, the amplitude response is lower or undetected. This feature should
consider localized thickness and contour information to ensure that probe angles provide comparable examination
volume coverage and sound penetration. This feature can also be supported with a suitable reference reflector
(Inside the Surface notch or equivalent).
(e) Inaction provides minimal (moving) eco-dynamic travel. This feature can be supported by observing other areas
throughout the sample and with a suitable deference reflector (an internal surface notch or equivalent).
(f) The indication provides a rapid and consistent drop in signal amplitude when the beam is tilted outside the normal
in any direction.
(g) The indication provides a clean signal, a single minimal response to no distinguishable signal. No typical signals
are observable. This feature can be supported by optimizing the signal presentation of a suitable reference reflector
(within the surface notch or equivalent).
(h) Signal responses are consistent from each side of the solder for axial traces, or from each direction, clockwise
(CW) or counterclockwise (CCW) for circumferential tracking.
INDICATION POSITIONING
(a) Due to the geometric configuration, (bezels, radii, etc.) the position of the indication may require a detailed
evaluation. The following information is provided to assist in proper positioning of the indication.
(b) Record thickness and surface contour at the position of the indications. Try to identify any position outside the
weld root relative to the weld centerline.
(c) Evaluate the signal amplitude responses of the fault of each side of the weld, if possible, observe if the signal
response is reduced due to sound attenuation in the weld volume from one side or the other.
(d) Evaluate the ultrasonic responses of each side of the weld as many regions with or are faults. Try to identify
common reflector responses (e.g., solder root, weld noise, anti-bevels, etc.) and fault responses. Take note of the
surface distance and ultrasonic travel dimensions of these responses.
(e) Make a trace with this information in a sketch of the cross section of the weld.
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
10. ANNEXES
ANNEX 1. ENI/DNV SPECIFICATION CRITERIA
1. SCOPE:
1.1. This annex to the procedure is only limited when the customer requires to perform the method of UT to circumferential
welded joints during the qualification of WPS, WPQR and production joints in accordance with DNVGL-ST-F101 and
20413.ENG. MME. STD
1.2. DNV This appendix does not cover automated ultrasonic testing (AUT) of girth welds.
2. PERSONAL
2.1. ENI/DNV The personnel performing the UT test and the interpretation of results must be qualified as level II, by
certification body according to ISO9712, or equivalent ASNT ACCP, in case of being certified by CAES according to
SNT TC 1 A must be according to approved written practice and level III in the corresponding method, only must be
certified by ASNT or ACCP
2.2. ENI/DNV Level II and Level III personnel must have at least 3 years of experience for all methods.
3. PREVIOUS
3.1. DNV Manual ultrasonic testing equipment.
3.2. Manual ultrasonic testing equipment shall:

3.3. be applicable for the pulse echo technique and for the double probe technique
3.4. cover as a minimum the frequency range from 1 to 6 MHz
3.5. have a calibrated gain regulator with maximum 2 dB per step over a range of at least 60 dB
3.6. have a flat screen accessible from the front for direct plotting of reference curves or be equipped with digital DAC-
display presentation of user-defined curves
3.7. allow echoes with amplitudes of 5% of full screen height to be clearly detectable under test conditions.
3.8. Calibration of ultrasonic equipment shall be undertaken yearly according to procedures established according to a
recognised standard or recommended practice, e.g. EN 12668-1-2-3 or ASME V. Verification of Screen Height
Linearity and Amplitude Linearity shall be performed at the beginning of each period of extended use (or every 3
months, whichever is less). Calibration records shall be made available upon request.
3.9. DNV The same coupling medium as used for calibration and setting of gains and amplification shall be used during
testing.
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
3.10. DNV The IIW, shall be used for calibration of range scale and for angle determination. These calibration blocks shall,
as near as practicable, have the same acoustic properties as the material to be tested.
3.11. DNV: Reference blocks for setting of reference levels

3.12. For testing of welds reference blocks shall be used for gain calibration and construction of the reference curves. The
reference block shall be manufactured from the actual material to be examined.
3.13. Reference blocks manufactured from other materials may be acceptable provided that the material is documented to
have acoustic properties similar to the actual material to be examined or, alternatively, a transfer correction to
accommodate for attenuation differences shall be performed.
3.14. The reference block shall have length and width dimensions suitable for the sound beam path for all probe types and
the material dimension(s) to be tested.
3.15. For testing of welds in pipe when testing can be performed from one side only, and the DAC reference signals can only
be obtained from the side where the inspection shall be performed, i.e. the D side, the reference blocks shall have side
drilled holes at T/4, T/2 and 3/4T.
3.16. When ultrasonic testing is to be performed on TMCP steel reference blocks shall, when required, be produced
perpendicular to and/or parallel to the direction of rolling. The rolling direction shall be clearly identified
3.17. For testing of longitudinal welds in pipe and similar geometries the reference block shall in addition to the features
required above, have a curvature equal to the pipe to be tested.
4. Gain calibration
4.1. The DAC- curve shall be constructed using reference blocks with side-drilled holes
4.2. Reference blocks not made from the actual material to be tested shall be checked for variation in acoustic properties
between the reference block and the actual material. The variation can be checked by calibrating the range scale on
the ISO 2400 block with a normal probe and subsequently measure a known material thickness with this calibration.
4.3. Whenever ultrasonic testing of welds in TMCP steel is performed, the difference in attenuation between transverse and
longitudinal rolling direction shall be checked when the scanning direction changes between transverse and parallel to
the rolling direction. This requires DAC constructed by use of calibration blocks taken from transverse and parallel to
the rolling direction. Difference in gain setting shall be noted and taken into consideration when evaluation of
indications is performed.
4.4. When testing is carried out of welds in TMCP steel the actual beam angle shall be determined. The angle can be
calculated using trigonometric functions as long as the distance and depth to the reflectors in the TMCP steel
reference block is known.
4.5. Construction of the reference curves (DAC)

The echo reflected from the drilled hole in the calibration block shall be maximised and the amplitude set at 80% of full
screen height.
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
4.6. The first point of DAC shall be selected such that the distance in sound path from the probe index to the drilled hole is
not less than 0.6 N where N is the near field length of the relevant probe. The DAC shall be constructed by obtaining at
least 3 points on the curve. The gain setting shall be recorded and comprises the primary gain.
4.7. The recorded gain following all corrections for surface condition and attenuation is the corrected primary gain.
Alternatively, a Time Corrected Gain calibration can be used if the ultrasonic apparatus is fitted with a time corrected
gain (TCG) correction. The echo amplitude reflected from the drilled hole in the calibration can be adjusted to 80% of
full screen height over the whole range in question. DAC will thus be a horizontal line.
4.8. Periodical checks of equipment, re-calibration and re-examination
4.9. At approximately four-hourly intervals and at the end of testing, the range scale, probe angle and primary gain shall be
checked and confirmed.
4.9.1. If deviation is found to be larger than 2% of range scale, or 4 dB of primary gain setting or 2° of nominal probe
angle, the equipment shall be re-calibrated and the testing carried out with the equipment over the previous
period shall be repeated.
4.10. Re-calibration shall be performed whenever the equipment has been out function for any reason including onoff and
whenever there is any doubt concerning proper function of the equipment.
5. Contact surface
5.1. For ultrasonic testing the contact surface shall be clean and smooth, i.e. free from dirt, scale, rust, welding spatter, etc.
which may influence the result of the testing. Correction for differences in surface conditions and attenuation between
the reference block and the actual work piece shall be performed according to the following:
5.1.1. —if the difference is less than 2 dB, correction is not required
5.1.2. —if the difference is greater than 2 dB but smaller than 6 dB for flat surfaces and 12 dB for curved surfaces, it
shall be compensated for
5.2. if transfer loss exceeds the limits above, the reason shall be determined and further preparation of the scanning
surfaces shall be carried out.
6. Transfer correction
6.1. Transfer correction from reference block to the weld piece shall be evaluated on a portion of theitem to be tested
without any discontinuity.
6.2. Transfer correction shall be performed using two of the same angle beam probes on the calibration block that shall be
used to construct a specific transfer DAC curve with 2 points, i.e. full skip or more, on the item to be examined. One of
the probes shall work as transmitter while the other as receiver. For the item to be examined, the orientation of the
probe pair upon transfer correction shall be the same as the scanning direction. The difference in dB required to
achieve an 80% FSH level on the calibration block and item to be examined for the same pair of angle beam probes
shall be recorded.
6.3. In case of difference in thickness between the reference block and the item to be inspected a specific transfer
correction to account for the different sound path shall be performed.
7. Testing levels
7.1. The testing level shall be in accordance with ISO 17640, chapter 11, testing level B and the requirements below.
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
7.2. Probe selection

In addition to straight beam probe minimum number of angle probes to be applied shall be in accordance with ISO 17640,
see the guidance given in Table D-2. It is emphasised that this table is for guidance and that the actual choice of angle
probes shall be made carefully and depending on material thickness, weld bevel and type of defects likely to occur with the
welding method used.
7.3. The choice of optimum probe angle for initial full scanning of the weld shall be chosen such that incident angle of the
sound beam centre is perpendicular to the side of the weld bevel. If this angle does not comply with any standard
probe angle, the nearest larger probe angle shall be selected.
7.4. These additional probes shall have a larger and smaller angle than the probe used for initial scanning. The differences
in angle shall be more than 10o. If only one additional probe can be used the angle for this probe should be:
7.4.1. ≥ 10° different
7.4.2. Larger than the initial probe if the sound beam centre of the initial probe is perpendicular to the side of the weld
bevel
7.5. Smaller than the initial probe if the nearest larger probe angle was selected for the initial probe Testing of welds
7.6. When scanning, the gain shall be increased by a minimum of 6 dB above the corrected primary gain. Testing of welds
shall be performed in accordance with ISO 17640.
7.7. The scanning zone for angle probes in the base material shall be examined with straight beam (normal) probes for
features that might influence the angle beam testing. The scanning zone is defined as 1.5 × full skip distance. Features
interfering with the scanning shall be reported.
7.8. The welds shall whenever feasible be tested from both sides on the same surface and include scanning for both
transverse and longitudinal indications. For T-joints and plate thickness above 70 mm, scanning from both surfaces
and all accessible sides shall be performed.
8. Evaluation of indications
For evaluation of indications the gain shall be reduced by the increased dB level used during scanning.
8.1. All indications equal to or exceeding 20% of the reference curve (evaluation level) shall be evaluated. The indications
shall be investigated by maximising the echoes by rotating the probes and by using different angle probes with DAC
established
8.2. The length of an indication shall be determined by the 6 dB drop method.

TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
8.3. The final evaluation against the acceptance criteria shall be based on the echo amplitude and length measured with
the probe angle giving the maximum response.
9. Reporting
included in the ultrasonic testing report:
9.1. identification of the ultrasonic testing procedure used
9.2. the length of acceptable indications with amplitude exceeding 50% of the reference curve.
Notes:
1) Reference level is defined as the echo amplitude corresponding to the echo from the reflector in the reference blocks
described, or equivalent reflector.
2) All indications exceeding 20% of the reference level shall be investigated to the extent that the operator determines
the shape, length and location of the imperfection.
3) Indications that cannot be established with certainty shall whenever possible be tested with radiography.
4) Longitudinal imperfections where the echo height intermittently is below and above the acceptance level shall if
possible be investigated with radiography. Indications that are determined in this way shall meet the acceptance
criteria radiography. If radiography cannot be performed, the length shall not exceed 3 t, maximum 100 mm in any
weld length of 300 mm.
5) Detectable imperfections are not permitted in any intersection of welds.
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
6) Systematic imperfections that are distributed at regular distances over the length of the weld are not permitted even if the
size of any single imperfection meets the requirements above.
ANNEX 2.
CAES-FOR01-OPE-UT-PRO-001 (ASME Ultrasonic Test Report)
TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG

TO ASME CODE
Date Code Rev PÁG
11. REVISION CONTROL

Version Date Number Description of changes
0 July 2022 Head of the SGI Original broadcast

CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001 (ASME) Rev.0 ENG

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§ CAESCALIDAD Y ASESORIA EN SOLDADURA,

PROCEDIMIENTO PARA INSPECCION POR MEDIO DE ULTRASONIDO

CÓDIGO/ CODE: CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001

FECHA DE EMISIÓN/ISSUE DATE: 21/07/2022

Artur G zalez Martinez

Date Code Rev PÁG

JULIO-2022 CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001 0 2 DE: 29

2. SCOPE AND RESPONSIBILITIES

6. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Date Code Rev PÁG

JULIO-2022 CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001 0 3 DE: 29

Discontinuity.- An interruption or change in the physical structure of the characteristics of a material.

Date Code Rev PÁG

JULIO-2022 CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001 0 4 DE: 29

7. SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

8. DEVELOPMENT OF THE INSPECTION

Equipment and accessories:

Ultrasonic instrument: The ultrasonic equipment will be of the pulse-echo

Date Code Rev PÁG

JULIO-2022 CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001 0 5 DE: 29

For example, a calibration block with a thickness of 1 1/2" (38mm) can be

For tubular connections use the basic calibration block in Figure 2.

Flat or curved welded samples for the examination of coarse-grained

A basic curved calibration block will be used to inspect surfaces in a

Quality. Before manufacture, the block material must be examined with a

Date Code Rev PÁG

JULIO-2022 CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001 0 6 DE: 29

Tracking units (transducers)

Frequency: The nominal frequency to be used should be 2.25 MHz unless

Angular transducers. The minimum diameter of the transducer shall be

Angular shoes. It is permissible to use shoes of 45°, 60° or 70° with a

Special shoes. Transducers with contoured shoes can be used to facilitate

When it is required to perform inspections with high temperatures, special

Date Code Rev PÁG

JULIO-2022 CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001 0 7 DE: 29

Calibration of the complete ultrasonic inspection system will be performed

Screen Height Linearity.

The instrument shall provide a linear vertical display within 5% of ± total

To verify that the instrument meets the linearity requirements, position an

Adjustments and readings should be as close to 1% of the full scale.

Date Code Rev PÁG

JULIO-2022 CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001 0 8 DE: 29

provides an amplitude difference, with sufficient signal separation to avoid

Linearity of Amplitude Control.

The ultrasonic instrument shall use an amplitude control with an accuracy in

To verify the accuracy of the instrument's amplitude control, position an

Adjustment of the dB change Indication limits %

Calibration with Straight Beam.

Distance calibration: Place the transducer on the IIW Block in the

Calibration with Angle Beam.

Date Code Rev PÁG

JULIO-2022 CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001 0 9 DE: 29

Calibration for distance. The calibration of the ultrasonic system will

Basic calibration blocks.

Non-Tubular Calibration. Calibration should be developed using the

Calibration for pipes. Calibrations should be performed using the calibration

For ultrasonic inspection of coarse-grained materials (e.g. high alloy steels

The notches will be made according to the requirements of the pipe

Calibration reflectors. Calibration reflectors shall be used to establish the

Distance-Amplitude Correction (DAC).

Calibration for evaluation.

Date Code Rev PÁG

JULIO-2022 CAES-OPE-UT-PRO-001 0 10 DE: 29