Lesson 21

Introduction to Three
Dimensional (3D) Geometry;
Plane Sketching
Objectives:

• At the end of the lesson, the student must be able to :

• Plot points in three dimensional system.
• Determine the distance between two points.
• Determine the point of division and the midpoint
of a line segment.
• Sketch a plane in three dimensional system.
 Two-Dimensional (2D) Coordinate System

Recall:
To locate a point in an xy-plane, two numbers are necessary.
We know that any point in the plane can be represented as an ordered
pair (a, b) of real numbers.
where a is the x-coordinate and b is the y-coordinate.
For this reason, a plane is called two-dimensional.
 Three Dimensional Geometry
Let OX, OY, and OZ be three mutually perpendicular lines. These
lines constitute the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis of a three-
dimensional rectangular coordinate system. The axes, in pairs,
determine three mutually perpendicular planes called coordinate
planes. The planes are designated as the XOY-plane, the XOZ-
plane, and the YOZ-plane or, more simply, the xy-plane, the xz-
plane, and the yz-plane. The coordinate planes divide space into
eight regions called octants. The distance of P from the yz-plane is
called the x-coordinate, the distance from the xz-plane the y-
coordinate, and the distance from the xy-plane the z-coordinate.
The coordinates of a point are written in the form (x, y, z), in this
order, x first, y second, and z third.
 Coordinate Planes

The three coordinate axes determine

the three coordinate planes.
The xy-plane contains the x- and y-axes.
The yz-plane contains the y- and z-axes.
The xz-plane contains the x- and z-axes.
 Three-Dimensional (3D) Coordinate System

To locate a point in space, three numbers are required.

We represent any point in space by an ordered triple (a, b, c) of real
numbers.
where a is the x-coordinate, b is the y-coordinate, c is the z-coordinate

Coordinate Axes
We draw the orientation of the axes as shown.
Example:

Plot the given points in a three-dimensional coordinate system.

1. (3, 0, 0)
2. (0, 3, 0)
3. (0, 0, 3)
4. (1.5,-1, 2)
5. (0, 2, -2)
6. (2, 2.5, 3)
3D-Space Point-Plotting
Distance in 3-Space, Point of Division Formula, Midpoint Formula

b)
Examples:
Examples:
Do-It Yourself Activity:
 SURFACES : A. Plane
An equation of the form
Ax + By + Cz + D = 0
represents a plane.
a) x = k, plane parallel to yz-plane
b) y = k, plane parallel to xz-plane
c) z = k, plane parallel to xy-plane
d) Ax + By + D = 0, plane parallel to z-axis
e) By + Cz + D = 0, plane parallel to x-axis
f) Ax + Cz + D = 0, plane parallel to y-axis
g) Ax + By + Cz = 0, plane
Illustrative Problems
Illustrative Problems
Illustrative Problems
Illustrative Problem
Activity: