Elements of Art

There are seven elements of art, which are line, shape, color, texture, form, value and
space.

1. The line is created by a mark . line includes straight, diagonal, vertical, horizontal,
zigzag, broken, etc.

2. Shape , created by two dimensions: length and width. Shape is also used to give an
artwork character and can contribute to the defining artistic style of an artist.

3. Color , an aspect of the appearance of

objects and light sources and is considered as the most important element of art.
4. Texture this is the feel using the sense of touch or the appearance of an object.
5. Form , the structure and shape of an object. For example a three-dimensional
objects.
6. Value , the degree of lightness and darkness of an object
7. Space , the amount of an area or surface. The area around the primary objects in a
work of art is known as negative space, while the space occupied by the primary
objects is known as positive space.

Principles of Design

Principles of Design are the structure used to craft a work. The principles of design can be
understood easily.

1. Harmony , this is the impression that is achieved when all elements relate to and
complement one another.
 2. Balance, the distribution of the weight of objects, colors, texture and space.
Types of balance
 Formal balance, this is achieved when one side design is the same with the other
side
 Asymmetrical balance, on the other hand, is achieved when one side design is
arrange differently from the other side

Formal Asymmetrical

3. Unity, is achieved when the relationship among elements helps all elements function
together.

4. Emphasis is to showcase or highlight the most important part of a design

LESSON 2

Process in the Production of Macrame and Basketry Product

 Production is the process of creating goods and services.
 Direct labor- The workers whose output is closely related to or associated with the making of the
product
 Direct Materials- raw materials used in the production that become part of the product
 Markup- the margin of difference between the cost price and the selling price
 Manufacturing overhead- all other cost incurred in production, but do not become part of the product
 Price- the value placed on goods and services offered to the public
 Production- the process of creating products and services that a manufacturer sells to its customer
 Project Proposal- a detailed description of a series of activities aimed at solving a certain problem
 Raw Materials- tangible physical resources needed in the creation of products which are used for
production
 Resources- the material, manpower and machine used in creating products and services.

Production Process of Macrame and Basketry Products

 1. Operation, involves series of steps a raw materials goes through in the creation of a product
2. Assembly, putting all parts together to form a final product
3. Finishing, a series of activities involved in the final polishing of a product such as varnishing, trimming,
cleaning, etc.
4. Inspection, involves the process undertaken to make sure that the operation has been carried out
correctly as to the specified quality and quantity of the product

The resources needed in the production of macramé and basketry products

1. Material resources. These are tangible, physical resources needed in the creation of macramé and
basketry products which are used for production ( abaca, buri, tikug, and pandan)
2. Human resources. These are the most important resources. These include the people who plan and
create products
3. Financial resources. These involves funds for various purposes.
4. Informational resources. Correct and complete information is vital to the success of producing products.

Project Proposal
 Also called “statement of work” is defined as a detailed description of a series of activities aimed at
solving certain problem.
 A project proposal is a prerequisite to achieve success in whatever project you plan to do. The first
step is choosing the project to be done. In deciding for any project, answer first the following
question
 will I and other people appreciate this project?
 Is this project beneficial?
 Is this project economical?
 Are the materials to be used available?
 Can I follow the steps in making this project?

Parts of a project proposal

1. Title – tells about the title of the project, team name and individual member names, date, and the
picture of the project
2. Rationale- brief statement of the project, procedures employed to carry out the project, and the project
outcome
3. Objectives- tells about the goal or purpose of the project
4. Design Drawing or Illustration- shows the design of the project
5. Project Organization and Management – tells how the project will be handled. This includes the task
phases from planning to production, division of responsibilities and duties of each team member
6. Budget- tells how much is to be spent for the whole project to finish

Product Costing and Selling Price

The product cost is made up of three parts

1. Direct Materials refer to the raw materials that become part of the product. For example buri, tikug and
abaca in making basket or food trays
2. Direct Labor comprises the workers whose outputs are closely related to or directly related to the
manufacturing of the merchandise
3. Manufacturing overhead, this includes all other cost incurred in production but do not become parts of
the product. These includes
 The use of facilities, machineries, and equipment and their maintenance
 The use of utilities, which includes power, water, and fuel use in running the plantation
 Salaries for the employees or workers who are indirectly involved in the making of the
products
 Transportation cost of raw materials
 Office supplies and expenses such as paper, telephone, photocopying, etc. used in the
operation of the plantation offices

Manufacturing Overhead is made up of the following:

 Fixed Expenses- expenditures that continues even if no units are produced. It includes equipment
downgrading, taxes, interest on debts, and the rent payments
 Variable Expenses – expenditures that varies with the volume of units produced. The major
components of variable cost are labor and materials. This are inconsistent and not fixed.

Computing for cost and Selling Price

The basic method in setting the price of your product is the cost-oriented pricing. Under this method, all cost are
added and divided by the number of products produced in order to arrive at the selling price of a single product
or unit.

1. List down all the cost of materials that were used in the making of your product
2. List down all the operational expenses like labor cost, transportation, electricity, etc.
3. Add all expenses in steps 1 and 2. This is your total cost
4. Multiply the sum in step 3 by .40 if the desired profit is 40%. This is your profit
5. Add the product of step 4 to the sum of step 3. This is your selling price.

Measurement of Macrame Project

Steps in calculating the cords needed when you want to create your own design or when a pattern is not
available. They are as follows

1. Determine the length from top to bottom of the finished product.

2. Take note that the length of the cord is determined by this size
3. Determine the width of the finished product. This will give you the number of cords needed for the
whole project.

Steps in determining the number of Cords to be Cut:

1. Write down the width of the finished product
2. Determine the number of cords needed to make the knots you will use in the design
3. When rings are used as part of the design, determine how many cords each ring can hold. This is done
by finding out the circumference of each ring. Measure the diameter of the ring across the center from
edge to edge
4. Find out if the cords are folded during the mounting process
5. Determine if there are cords that serve as holding cord in the design
6. Determine how many cords will you need to add in cases like when you want to widen some area of
your project.
7. Determine knot designs that require you to cut extra cords
8. Determine the size of the material to use