C1: Developing technical capabilities for IoT

Introduction to IoT concepts

Instructor: Ricardo S. Alonso

Date: 01/06/2022
Internet of Things (IoT)
 Industry 4.0 and new technologies

ThynseenKrupp (2016). Bringing new vision to elevator maintenance with Microsoft HoloLens (IIoT
ThingWorx)
Industry 4.0 and Cyberphysical Systems
• An emerging structure in which manufacturing and logistics
systems bring together large volumes of data, information,
production and business processes through cyber-physical systems.
Accountancy Resourcing Group
Industry 4.0 and Cognitive Systems
• Turn ordinary machines into self-learning machines to improve
their overall performance and maintenance process.

Accountancy Resourcing Group

 The information age

$581 billion ICT spending in 2021 1M devices per km2

$123 billion in IoT

41.600.000.000 79,4 ZB 10k devices per km2

Devices in 2025 Information generated in 2025
(79.400.000.000.000 GB)

Icons: www.flaticon.com
 Industry 4.0: main technological pillars

Saturno, M., Pertel, V. M., Deschamps,

F., & Loures, E. D. F. (2017, March).
Proposal of an automation solutions
architecture for Industry 4.0. In 24th
International Conference on Production
Research, Poznan, Poland.
 Internet of Things

Source: https://youtu.be/-OgPTC0EB48
Industrial IoT vs IoT
 Connected Industry

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DrE0FShBfF4

Industry 4.0 - Bosch Rexroth Multi

Product Line
Cyberphysical Systems (CPS)
 Cyberphysical Systems

Monostori, L., Kádár, B., Bauernhansl,

T., Kondoh, S., Kumara, S., Reinhart,
G., ... & Ueda, K. (2016). Cyber-
physical systems in manufacturing.
Cirp Annals, 65(2), 621-641.
 Cyberphysical Systems (CPS)

Rao, V.S. (2017). 4th Industrial Revolution is Beyond Cyber Physical Systems. Online:
https://www.slideshare.net/vsr0001/4th-industrial-revolution-is-beyond-cyber-physical-systems
 Convergence between the physical and virtual worlds

Monostori, L., Kádár, B., Bauernhansl, T., Kondoh, S., Kumara, S., Reinhart, G., ... & Ueda, K. (2016). Cyber-physical
systems in manufacturing. Cirp Annals, 65(2), 621-641.
 Human-Physical Systems

Zhou, J., Zhou, Y., Wang, B., & Zang, J. (2019). Human–cyber–physical systems (HCPSs) in the context of new-
generation intelligent manufacturing. Engineering,5(4), 624-636
 Human-Cyber-Physical Systems 1.0

Zhou, J., Zhou, Y., Wang, B., & Zang, J. (2019). Human–cyber–physical systems (HCPSs) in the context of new-
generation intelligent manufacturing. Engineering,5(4), 624-636
 Human-Cyber-Physical Systems 1.5

Zhou, J., Zhou, Y., Wang, B., & Zang, J. (2019). Human–cyber–physical systems (HCPSs) in the context of new-
generation intelligent manufacturing. Engineering,5(4), 624-636
 Human-Cyber-Physical Systems 2.0

Zhou, J., Zhou, Y., Wang, B., & Zang, J. (2019). Human–cyber–physical systems (HCPSs) in the context of new-
generation intelligent manufacturing. Engineering,5(4), 624-636
 IIoT + OT + IT

Koerber, B., Freund, H., Kasah, T., Bolz, L.

(2018) Leveraging industrial software stack
advancement for digital transformation. McKinsey.
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/advanced-
electronics/our-insights/iiot-platforms-the-
technology-stack-as-value-driver-in-industrial-
equipment-and-machinery
Cloud computing and Edge Computing
 Data processing centres

Source:
https://www.xataka.com/pro/cpd-
que-centro-procesamiento-datos-
como-funciona
Virtualization

Hung, L. H., Kristiyanto, D., Lee, S. B., &

Yeung, K. Y. (2016). Guidock: using docker
containers with a common graphics user
interface to address the reproducibility of
research. PloS one, 11(4), e0152686.
 Cloud Computing

Messina, J., Liu, F., Tong, J., Mao, J. B., &

Bohn, J. (2011). NIST Cloud Computing
Reference Architecture. In EEE World
Congress on Services. Maryland, USA.
XaaS models (X as a Service)

Source: https://wubw.github.io/_images/cloudservices.png
Example: Google Cloud (IoT, Edge, Cloud)

Source: https://cloud.google.com/iot-core?hl=es-419
 Edge Computing in Industry 4.0

Alonso, R. S., Sittón-Candanedo, I., García, Ó., Prieto, J., & Rodríguez-González, S. (2020). An intelligent Edge-IoT platform for
monitoring livestock and crops in a dairy farming scenario. Ad Hoc Networks, 98, 102047.
 Edge Computing in Industry 4.0

M2M Architecture

Alonso, R. S., Sittón-Candanedo, I., Casado-Vara, R., Prieto, J., & Corchado, J. M. (2020). Deep Reinforcement Learning for the Management of
Software-Defined Networks and Network Function Virtualization in an Edge-IoT Architecture. Sustainability, 12(14), 5706.
 Edge Computing in Industry 4.0

M2C Architecture

Alonso, R. S., Sittón-Candanedo, I., Casado-Vara, R., Prieto, J., & Corchado, J. M. (2020). Deep Reinforcement Learning for the Management of
Software-Defined Networks and Network Function Virtualization in an Edge-IoT Architecture. Sustainability, 12(14), 5706.
 Edge Computing in Industry 4.0

M2G Architecture

Alonso, R. S., Sittón-Candanedo, I., Casado-Vara, R., Prieto, J., & Corchado, J. M. (2020). Deep Reinforcement Learning for the Management of
Software-Defined Networks and Network Function Virtualization in an Edge-IoT Architecture. Sustainability, 12(14), 5706.
 Edge Computing in Industry 4.0

Edge-IoT Architecture

Alonso, R. S., Sittón-Candanedo, I., Casado-Vara, R., Prieto, J., & Corchado, J. M. (2020). Deep Reinforcement Learning for the Management of
Software-Defined Networks and Network Function Virtualization in an Edge-IoT Architecture. Sustainability, 12(14), 5706.
 Edge Computing in Industry 4.0

Global
Edge
Computing
Architecture

Alonso, R. S., Sittón-Candanedo, I., Casado-Vara, R., Prieto, J., & Corchado, J. M. (2020). Deep Reinforcement Learning for the Management of
Software-Defined Networks and Network Function Virtualization in an Edge-IoT Architecture. Sustainability, 12(14), 5706.
 Edge Computing in Industry 4.0

Smart
Dairy
Tracer

Alonso, R. S., Sittón-Candanedo, I., García, Ó., Prieto, J., & Rodríguez-González, S. (2020). An intelligent Edge-IoT platform for monitoring
livestock and crops in a dairy farming scenario. Ad Hoc Networks, 98, 102047.
Edge Computing: Tensor Processing Units (TPU)

https://cloud.google.com/edge-tpu
Cloud IoT Platforms: Azure IoT
 Azure IoT: Urbaser

Fuente:
http://www.beenergy.es/sites/default/files/foto1_4.pn
g
https://youtu.be/gY7-TcNfD_w
Cloud IoT Platforms: AWS
 Cloud IoT Platforms: AWS

Source: https://youtu.be/Gy-5LtX_yfY
 Cloud IoT Platforms: Google Cloud / Google IoT

https://cloud.google.com/solutions/iot/
 Google Cloud IoT: Talgo Case Study

Google Cloud IoT

• 2 000 sensors on each train
• 2 GB per train per day
• Predictive maintenance based
on machine learning
• 200 hours per train per year
saved on maintenance
inspections

https://cloud.google.com/customers/talgo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HcHf2wobhc
 Cloud IoT Platforms: IBM Watson

https://cloud.ibm.com
 Cloud IoT Platforms: IBM Watson: L'Oréal case study

https://youtu.be/mlDzfKmSYSg
 Open-source IoT Platforms: FIWARE

https://catalogue.fiware.org
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Deep Learning
 Artificial Intelligence

Javier Fernandez-Castanon, Deployment Strategist at Palantir Tech. | Ethical AI - Director of Digital Healthcare at OdiseIA
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
 Learning from data

Fuente: Geisslinger, M. (2019). Autonomous Driving: Object Detection using Neural Networks for Radar and Camera Sensor Fusion.
Supervised Learning

Source: https://blog.westerndigital.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/supervised-learning-diagram.jpg
Unsupervised Learning

Source: https://blog.westerndigital.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/supervised-learning-diagram.jpg
Semisupervised Learning

Source: https://www.predictiva.com.co/blog-predictiva/aprendizaje-semi-supervisado/
Reinforcement Learning

Source: https://cdn-media-1.freecodecamp.org/images/1*vz3AN1mBUR2cr_jEG8s7Mg.png
Neural Networks

Source: : https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/neural-networks,
https://human-memory.net/multipolar-nerve-cell/
Neural Networks

Source: https://c.mql5.com/2/35/artificialneuron__1.gif
Big Data
 Big Data: evolution

1 zettabyte = 1,000,000,000,000 gigabytes!

Arne Holst, Research Lead covering Technology &

Telecommunications (Statista)
Vertical and horizontal scaling

Source: https://docs.microsoft.com/es-es/dotnet/architecture/cloud-native/infrastructure-resiliency-azure
 Database types

• SQL
• Relational
• Multidimensional (analytical/OLAP)
• NoSQL
• Simple key-value
• Sofistified key-value / column-based
• Document
• Graph
• Multimodel
• Time series
• NewSQL
Source: https://www.ithinkupc.com/media/legacy/Web/images/blog/sql-nosql-esquema-base-datos.png
SQL vs NoSQL

Source: https://towardsdatascience.com/datastore-choices-sql-vs-nosql-database-ebec24d56106
ACID vs BASE

Source: https://systemdesignbasic.wordpress.com/2020/06/20/15-acid-vs-base-database-transactions/
 Big Data: Hadoop Ecosystem

http://blog.newtechways.com/2017/10/apache-hadoop-ecosystem.html
 Big Data
architectures

Mysore, D., Khupat, S., & Jain, S. (2013). Understanding the architectural layers of a big
data solution. IBM Developer. Recuperado de: https://developer.ibm.com/articles/bd-
archpatterns3/
Data management: Deep Intelligence (I)

Corchado, J. M., Chamoso, P., Hernández, G., Gutierrez, A. S. R., Camacho, A. R., González-Briones, A., ... & Omatu, S. (2021). Deepint. net: A Rapid
Deployment Platform for SmartTerritories. Sensors, 21(1), 236.
Data management: Deep Intelligence (II)

Corchado, J. M., Chamoso, P., Hernández, G., Gutierrez, A. S. R., Camacho, A. R., González-Briones, A., ... & Omatu, S. (2021). Deepint. net: A Rapid
Deployment Platform for SmartTerritories. Sensors, 21(1), 236.
 Computer vision

Raphael, A., Dubinsky, Z., Iluz, D., & Netanyahu, N. S. (2020). Neural Network Recognition of Marine Benthos and Corals.
Diversity, 12(1), 29.
 Speech recognition and NLP

https://heartbeat.fritz.ai/the-3-deep-learning-frameworks-for-end-to-end-speech-recognition-that-power-your-devices-
37b891ddc380
 Thank you for listening!

IoTalentum is funded by the European Union

Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
within the framework of Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Actions ITN-ETN with grant number 953442.