Hussein AL-HAFETH

~Batch 2028~

Anatomy of
Axilla
Revision prepared by : Hussein AL-HAFETH
Lecture given via : Dr.justice
1- A 45-year-old guy arrives with anterior shoulder discomfort and
edema following a fall injury to his shoulder. There is discomfort over the
groove between pectoralis major and deltoid muscle on examination, and
the patient has trouble elevating his arm. An MRI reveals a humeral head
dislocation. Which structure is most likely affected in this injury?

A) Acromioclavicular ligament
B) Coracoclavicular ligament
C) Subscapularis muscle
D) Clavipectoral fascia
E) Supraspinatus tendon

D
Deltopectoral groove = cephalic vein which pierce clavipectoral fascia
2- which structure doesn’t pierce the clavipectoral fascia ?

A) Vein in the groove between pectoralis major and Deltoid

B) Lymphatic vessels
C) lateral thoracic artery
D) Nerve supplying pectoralis major
E) Branch of the second part of axillary artery that have 4
subdivisions

C
3-Which pair accurately identifies the pectoralis major muscle
heads responsible for flexion of the shoulder and acting as an
accessory muscle of respiration respectively ?

A) Sternocostal head & clavicular head.

B) Clavicular head & sternocostal head.
C) Acromial head & spinal head.
D) Costal head & scapular head.
E) Clavicular head & acromial head.

B
4-Which pair correctly identifies the fascia as the roof and
floor of the Deltopectoral groove respectively ?

A) Prevertebral fascia & pectoral fascia

B) Clavipectoral fascia & prevertebral fascia
C) Axillary fascia & pectoral fascia
D) Pectoral fascia & clavipectoral fascia
E) Deltoid fascia & costocoracoid membrane

D
5- Regarding the anatomy of the upper limb, all of the followings are true
EXCEPT?

A) Pectoralis minor is inserted to the coracoid process

B) The anterior axillary fold is formed by the lower border of pectoralis major
C) Pectoralis minor muscle originates from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd intercostal spaces
D) Pectoralis major is a medial rotator and adductor of the shoulder joint
E) Deltopectoral groove is pierced by cephalic vein

C
6- Which of the following is true regarding the artery that initiate from
the lateral border of the first rib ?

A) becomes brachial artery at lower border teres minor

B) axillary vein lies laterally to the artery
C) is divided into three parts by muscle that insert into coracoid process
D) second part is divided into 3 subdivisions
E) gives off the superior thoracic artery from its second part

c
7- In which position the contents of axilla become
vulnerable to injury ?

A) Fully abducted
B) Fully adducted
C) Fully extended
D) Fully flexed
E ) Equal vulnerability

A
8-A 22-year-old patient comes with a gunshot that affected his part of
axillary artery that lie inferior to muscle inserting into coracoid process
and required surgical intervention , which of the following branches
will sustain normal function before surgery ?

A) Anterior humeral circumflex artery

B) Thoracodorsal artery
C) Thoracoacromial artery
D) Subscapular artery
E) Circumflex scapular artery

c
9-A 55-year-old male presents with atypical chest pain radiating to the
upper part of the chest. Upon examination, tenderness is noted over the
1st and 2nd intercostal spaces. An angiography reveals reduced pulses in
the axillary region. Which axillary artery subdivision is most likely
compromised in this case?

A) Superior thoracic artery

B) Lateral thoracic artery
C) Thoracoacromial artery
D) Thoracodorsal artery
E) All of the above

A
10-Which is the largest branch of the axillary artery?

A) Anterior circumflex humeral artery

B) Lateral thoracic artery
C) Subscapular artery
D) Superior thoracic artery
E) Lateral thoracic artery

c
11-The axillary vein becomes the ——— at the outer border of
the 1st rib.

A) Subscapular
B) Subclavian
C) Superior thoracic
D) Thoracoacromial
E) Basilic

B
12 -Branches of the third part of the axillary artery include:
A) subscapular
B) thoracoacromial trunk
C) thyrocervical trunk
D) lateral thoracic
E) all of the above (A-D)

A
 High yield
13 -A 35-year-old individual presents with an unusual appearance of the
shoulder blade and complains of difficulty lifting objects overhead. Upon
examination, the healthcare provider observes an apparent prominence and
winging of the scapula during certain arm movements. The patient reports a
history of heavy lifting and repetitive overhead activities. Which muscle is
most likely contributing to the observed scapular winging in this scenario?

A) Serratus anterior
B) Rhomboids
C) Levator scapulae
D) Pectoralis minor
E) Trapezius

A
14 -An embolus came from the left ventricle of the heart to the left
radial artery will pass through the followings except ?

A) Brachiocephalic trunk.
B) Brachial artery.
C) Aorta.
D) Axillary artery.
E) Subclavian artery.

A
15 - Lymphatics from the skin of the back above the iliac crest drain into the:

A) Pectoral group of the Axillary lymph nodes.

B) Subscapular group of the Axillary lymph nodes.
C) Central group of the axillary lymph nodes.
D) Apical group o the axillary lymph nodes.
E) Parasternal lymph nodes.

B
16 -Which one of the following is most correct?
A) The first part of the axillary artery lies posterior to the pectoralis minor.
B) The second part of the axillary artery typically contains two branches—the thoracoacromial
artery and the superior thoracic artery.
C) The subscapular artery arises from the third part of the axillary artery and contributes to
blood supply of muscles near the scapula and humerus
D) The thoracoacromial artery has 3 branches.
E) The lateral thoracic artery divides into four branches, the acromial, deltoid, pectoral, and
clavicular

C
17 -Regarding the axilla, which one is correct:

A) Its posterior wall is formed of subscapularis, teres minor and latissimus dorsi.
B) It contains the roots of the brachial plexus.
C) The pectoralis major and minor muscles share in the formation of its
anterior wall.
D) The medial wall is the shortest wall.
E) None of the above

c
18 -Which group of lymph nodes is located at the
Cervicoaxillary canal of the axilla?

A) Pectoral group
B) Subscapular group
C) Central group
D) Apical group
E) Humeral group

D
19 –Serwan a 19-year-old weightlifter complains of pain and
swelling in the anterior axillary region after an intense workout.
The medical team suspects an injury to a muscle that contributes
to the anterior wall of the axilla. Which muscle is likely affected,
and what is its role in the axilla?

A) Pectoralis major
B) Serratus anterior
C) Subscapularis
D) Latissimus dorsi
E) Teres Major

A
20 -Anterior wall of axilla is formed by All except :
A) Pectoralis major
B) A muscle that originate from costochondral cartilages of 3rd , 4th and 5th rib
C) Subclavius
D) Teres major muscle
E) A muscle that insert into coracoid process

D
21 -Which of the following structures is not typically found in the axilla?

A) Continuation of Subclavian artery artery

B) Conversion of basilic and brachial veins
C) Brachial plexus
D) Brachial artery
E) Pectoral group

D
21-which one of the following is the insertion
of the muscle that is absent in the clarified
picture ?

A) Medial lip of intertubercular groove

B) Greater tuberosity of intertubercular groove
C) Medial order and Superior surface of
coracoid process of scapula
D) Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
E) Lesser tuberosity of bicipital groove

B
22- One of the following is the origin of clavicular head of
pectoralis major muscle :

A) Posterior surface of lateral half of the clavicle

B) Anterior surface of lateral half of the clavicle
C) Posterior surface of medial half of the clavicle
D) Anterior surface of medial half of the clavicle
E) All of the above

D
23 -Which one of the following is NOT an anterior
thoracoappendicular muscle?

A) pectoralis major
B) pectoralis minor
C) deltoid
D) subclavius
E) serratus anterior

C
24-All the muscles attached to the bicipital (intertubercular) groove:

A) Abduct the arm.

B) Adduct the arm.
C) Medial rotation of the arm.
D) a and c.
E) b and c.

E
25- The lateral (axillary) border of the scapula gives attachments for :
A) Long Head of the triceps
B) Teres minor
C) Teres major
D) B and C
E) All of the above

E
26- the vertebral border of scapula gives insertion to ?
A) Serratus anterior
B) Rhomboideus minor
C) Rhomboideus major
D) Levator scapula
E) ALL

E
27 – which of the following ,muscle(s) is taking an origin from the
first bone to be ossified in the human body ?

A) Subclavius
B) Trapezius
C) Pectoralis major
D) Pectoralis minor
E) All of the above

C
28 -You can feel a pulsating artery beneath the surface of the skin, especially
one that overlies a bone. Which bone is most likely associated with this
pulsation?

A) Clavicle
B) Scapula
C) Humerus From Jibran Slides
D) Sternum
E) Rib
Solve it as an extra

C
29-Khalid a 45-year-old individual presents with persistent discomfort
in the shoulder and arm. The healthcare provider suspects a vascular
issue and preform angiography imaging to assess the anastomotic
connections around the scapula anastomosis that connects the
subclavian artery with another vessel were identified. In this scenario,
which part of the axillary artery is most likely involved in this
anastomosis?
From Jibran Slides
A) First part of the axillary artery.
B) Second part of the axillary artery. Solve it as an extra
C) Third part of the axillary artery.
D) Brachial artery.
E) None of the above

c
30-Emad a 60-year-old patient complains of pain and weakness in the upper
limb.. During angiography, the medical team identifies an important anastomosis
involving the axillary artery. In this scenario, which vessels participate in this
critical anastomosis, providing collateral circulation around the shoulder joint?

A) Thoracoacromial artery and subscapular artery.

B) Superior thoracic artery and lateral thoracic artery. From Jibran Slides
C) Posterior and anterior circumflex humeral artery.
D) Suprascapular artery and dorsal scapular artery. Solve it as an extr
E) Subclavian artery and brachial artery.

c
E
C
A
A