I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am highly indebted to xxxxx Sir and express my deepest gratitude for the valuable guidance
and help rendered by him for the successful completion of this study. He has helped me at
every step, referred me to the relevant study material for the project, rectified my mistakes
and always guided me in my research. In fact, this study could not have seen the light of the
day if his contribution would have not been available.

I express my sincere thanks to all respected faculty members of this institution who were
there to support me.

I also grateful to the library staff of xxxx College, for providing me necessary support in
carrying out this research.

xxxxxxxxx
Date: 00.00.2024. Roll no. xxxxxxx
Place: xxxx.
 II

DECLARATION

I do hereby declare that the project entitled “OBSTACLES IN PROTECTION OF

PRIVACY VIS-A-VIS COMMUNITY, POLITY AND TECHNOLOGY” is the outcome
of my own research work conducted under the supervision of xxxxx. I further declare that to
the best of my knowledge, the project does not contain any part of any work which has been
submitted for the award of any degree either in this college or any other college without
proper citation.

xxxxxxxxxx
Date: xx.xx.2024. Roll no. xxxxx
Place: xxxx.
 III

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “OBSTACLES IN PROTECTION OF PRIVACY

VIS-A-VIS COMMUNITY, POLITY AND TECHNOLOGY” which is being submitted
by Mr. Rahul for the part of the degree of Master of Laws is independent and original
research work carried out by him.

The project is worthy of consideration for the award of LL.M. degree of xxxxx

xxxx has worked under my guidance and supervision to fulfil all requirements for the
submission of this project.

The concept of research scholar remained excellent during the period of research.

xxxxxxxxx
Date: 00.00.2024. xxxxx College
Place: xxxxx.
 IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………I
DECLARATION……………………………………………………………………………..II
CERTIFICATE…………………………………………………………………………….III
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………..IV
CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION……….…………………………………………………..1
1.1. JUDICIAL REVIEW……………………………………………………………………..7
1.2. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM………………………………………………………….9
1.3. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH…………………………..…………………………..10
1.4. RESEARCH QUESTION………………………………………………………10
1.5. SURVEY OF LITERATURE.... ………………………………………………………11
1.5.1. CONSIDERATION OF DIFFERENT PLAYERS IN AN ECONOMY……..11
1.5.2. BOOKS AND REPORTS REFERED……………………………………………11
1.5.3. NEWS ARTCLES………………………………………………………12
1.5.4. JUGDEMENTS………………………………………………………12
1.6. HYPOTHESIS………………………………………………………14
1.7. RESEARCH METHOLOGY………………………………………………………14
1.8. TENTATIVE CHAPTERIZATION………………………………………………………
15
CHAPTER II-RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND RIGHT TO INFORMATION……………16
2.1. NOTION OF CONSTITUTION………………………………………………………18
2.2. TUSSLE BETWEEN THE COMPETING RIGHTS………………………………………
21
2.3. BALANCE BETWEEN THE COMPETING RIGHTS…………………………………
22
2.4. PERSONAL INFORMATION………………………………………………………23
2.5. PUBLIC INTEREST………………………………………………………25
2.6. TEST OF PUBLIC INTEREST………………………………………………………27
2.7. THE BALANCING MECHANISM……………………………………………………31
CHAPTER III - RIGHT TO PRIVACY AGAINST COMMUNITY……….…………32
3.1. CONSTITUTIONAL MORALITY………………………………………………………
34
 V

3.2. PRIVACY RIGHTS AGAINST COMMUNITY…………………………………………

36
3.3. SEXUALITY………………………………………………………40
3.4. CRIMINALIZATION OF ACTS………………………………………………………42
3.4. SEXUAL PRIVACY………………………………………………………43
3.5. DIGNITY………………………………………………………44
3.6. FIDELITY………………………………………………………46
3.7. DEPRIVATION OF AGENCY………………………………………………………47
3.8. SEXUAL FREEDOM AND EQUALITY………………………………………………48
3.9. PROTECTION OF PATRIARCHY………………………………………………………
50
3.10. INTERPLAY BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP RIGHTS……………………
51
CHAPTER IV-ENFORCEABILITY AGAINST TECHNOLOGY……..………………59
4.1. INCREASED USE OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY………………………………59
4.2. BALANCING OF RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND OTHER RIGHTS UNDER ARTICLE
21……………………………………………………………………………………………62
4.3. OBTAINANCE AND STORAGE OF PERSONAL INFORMATION BY PRIVATE
CORPORATIONS…………………………………………………………………………65
4.4. DATA PROTECTION BILL 2019……………………………………………………66
4.5. CONSENT………………………………………………………………………………67
4.6. WHATSAPP PRIVACY POLICY……………………………………………………69
CHAPTER V- CONCLUSION………………………………………………….………71
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………….
STATUTES REFERRED
BOOKS AND REPORTS REFERRED
NEWS REPORTS AND ARTICLES
 VI

BIBLIOGRAPHY

STATUTES REFERRED

I. Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and other Subsidies, benefits and services)
Act, 2016
II. Information and Technology Act, 2000.
III. Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019.
IV. Constitution of India.
V. Special Marriage Act, 1954.
VI. Right to Information Act, 2005.
VII. Indian Penal Code, 1860

BOOKS AND REPORTS REFFERED

I. The Third Pillar- Raghuram Rajan

II. 1984- George Orwell
III. Constitutional Law of India- Dr. J. N. Pandey
IV. Commentary on Constitution of India by DD Basu
V. Report on personal data protection, Committee headed by Shri. B N Srikrishna J.
(retd.)
VI. Dictionary- Merriam-Webster (mobile application)
VII. Report on criminal reforms- J S Verma J. committee
VIII. Annihilation of Caste- Dr. BR Ambedkar

WEBIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Soibam Rocky Singh, 'Don't use Whatsapp if you don't like it: Delhi HC', Feb 8 2021.
II. Scroll.in, why BR Ambedkar's three warnings in his last speech to the constituent
assembly resonate even today, Jan 26, 2016.
III. Right privacy under UDHR ICCPR, Oct17.
IV. Vijay Pal Dalmia, Data Protection Law in India- Everything You must know, 13 Dec
2017.
V. Free and Fair Digital Economy, PRS Legislative Research.
 VII

VI. Neha Alawadhi, 'India asks Whatsapp to withdraw new privacy policy, answer 14
questions, Jan 20 2021, Business Standard.
VII. Data Protection and Privacy Legislation Worldwide.
VIII. Vijay Pal Dalmia, Data Protection Law in India- Everything You must Know, 13 Dec
2017.