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 ----( Content )----
1) Computer
2)
3)
* Example of Input units
4)
* Example of Output units
5) CPU
* Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
* Control Unit(CU)
* Registers
6) Main Primary

7) of measurements.
 Computer

NOTE :- A computer runs on electricity power

 Basic Computer Organization

Basic Organization refers to logical structure of a computer

describing how its component are connected to one another .
How they affected one another’s functioning and contribution to
overall performance of the Computer.
 Input Unit
The Input Unit is formed by the input devices attached to
the computer. The input unit is responsible for taking input
and converting it into computer understandable form (the
binary code).Since a computer operates on electricity, it
can understand only the language of electricity i.e., either
ON or OFF or high voltage or low voltage. That means a
computer can understand two stages ON/OFF or high/low
voltage or the binary languages that uses just two symbols:
1 for ON and 0 for OFF.
 EXAMPLE OF INPUT UNITS

The mouse is a pointing

device . It is used to point out
the item present on the
computer screen.

A keyboard is used for

typing text, number and
special characters on
the computer. The
standard keyboard has
104 keys.
 Output unit

The output unit is formed by

the output devices attached
to the computer. The output
coming from the CPU is in
the form of electronic binary
signals which needs
conversion in some form
which can be easily
understood by human being.
EXAMPLE OF OUTPUTS UNITS
The monitor displays whatever
we type with the keyboard. It is
mot common output from a
computer.

A printer is used for

printing the work
done on a computer
on a sheet of paper
THE CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)
The CPU or Central processing unit is the main control
center and processing unit. It is also called brain of the
computer as it guides, directs, controls and govern the
performance of the computer. The CPU has sub-
component that help in carrying out the processing of a
task. These are:-

1.Arithmetic logic Unit(ALU)

2.Contral Unit(CU)
3.Registers
1.Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):-
The ALU perform all the four arithmetic(+,-
,**,/)and some logical(<,>,=,<=,>=,!=)operation.
When two numbers are required to be added,
these numbers are sent are sent from memory to
ALU where addition takes place and the result is
put back in the memory. In the same way , other
arithmetic operations are performed (through ALU
only)

Note:-ALU perform arithmetic(+,*,-,/)and logical operations.

 2.CONTROL UNIT(CU):-
The CU control and guides the interpretation,
Flow and manipulation of all data and
information. The CU sends control signals until
the required operation are done properly by
ALU and memory. Another important function of
CU is the program execution.

Note:-CU acts as a supervisor by controlling and

guiding the operation taking place.
 3.REGISTERS
Registers or processor registers are small units of data
holding places. The CPU uses registers to temporarily
hold some important processing-information during
the time the processing is taking place. CPU may
store some part data or some memory address or
some instruction in its processor registers.
 THE MEMORY[MAIN MEMORY/PRIMARY
MEMORY]
Well, if a computer has a brain(CPU) it must also
have the faculty which we call memory indeed, it
does possess a memory, however the memory of
a computer is most unlike human memory.

A bit is a elementary unit of the memory. Eight

bits together from a byte.

Note:-The memory of a computer is often called

main memory or primary memory.
UNITS OF COMPUTER MEMORY
MEASUREMENTS