waterproofing

BC II

WATER PROOFING

EiABC chair building construction p. 1

waterproofing
content

I
When Waterproofing

Waterproofing strategies

keep water out of building structure

design & construction
detail pattern and principles

II
water proofing systems and materials

water proofing detailing on building elements

EiABC chair building construction p. 2

waterproofing
when waterproofing is necessary ?

In order for water to penetrate through a building envelope / assembly,

three conditions must all occur at the same time:

1. …

2. ….

3. …

If any one of these three conditions is not met,

water will not penetrate the building (envelope).

EiABC chair building construction p. 3

waterproofing
when waterproofing is necessary ?

In order for water to penetrate through a building envelope / assembly,

three conditions must all occur at the same time:

1. There must be an opening through the assembly.

2. There must be water present at the opening.

3. There must be a force to move the water through the opening.

If any one of these three conditions is not met,

water will not penetrate the building (envelope).

EiABC chair building construction p. 4

waterproofing
waterproofing strategies

In designing any construction detail

three strategies are available:

1. to neutralize all the forces that water can move through openings

2. to keep water away from any openings.

3. to eliminate all the openings in the assembly. / waterproofing

systems and materials

EiABC chair building construction p. 5

waterproofing
waterproofing

In designing any construction detail

three strategies are available:

1. to neutralize all the forces that water can move through openings

2. to keep water away from any openings.

3. to eliminate all the openings in the assembly.

sealant / waterproofing systems and materials

EiABC chair building construction p. 6

waterproofing

neutralizing the forces

so that water cannot move through openings in building assemblies

gravity

surface tension

capillary action

adhesion - cohesion

momentum

hydrostatic pressure

and

air pressure differentials

EiABC chair building construction p. 7

waterproofing
waterproofing

In designing any construction detail

three strategies are available:

1. to neutralize all the forces that water can move through openings

2. to keep water away from any openings.

3. to eliminate all the openings in the assembly.

sealant / waterproofing systems and materials

EiABC chair building construction p. 8

waterproofing
to keep water away from any openings

two strategies:

1. design and construction.

2. detail patterns in construction

EiABC chair building construction p. 9

waterproofing

design and construction

EiABC chair building construction p. 10

waterproofing
design and construction – flat roof – pitched roof

chudley

EiABC chair building construction p. 11

waterproofing
design and construction

addis

EiABC chair building construction p. 12

waterproofing
design and construction

ankober

EiABC chair building construction p. 13

waterproofing
design and construction – valley eaves

EiABC chair building construction p. 14

waterproofing
design and construction – on the ground – above the ground

chudley

EiABC chair building construction p. 15

waterproofing
design and construction – guide the surface water away

EiABC chair building construction p. 16

waterproofing
design and construction - drainage

addis ababa, social housing program, 2009

EiABC chair building construction p. 17
waterproofing
design and construction - drainage

addis ababa, social housing program, 2009

EiABC chair building construction p. 18
waterproofing
design and construction - drainage

addis ababa, social housing program, 2009

EiABC chair building construction p. 19
waterproofing
design and construction

dilla, university 2008

EiABC chair building construction p. 20

waterproofing
insulation / design and construction

dilla, university 2008

EiABC chair building construction p. 21

waterproofing
design and construction – guide the surface water away

What to do here ?

EiABC chair building construction p. 22

waterproofing
design and construction – guide the surface water away – ground slope

Possible solutions

EiABC chair building construction p. 23

waterproofing
design and construction – guide the surface water away

Possible solutions

EiABC chair building construction p. 24

waterproofing
to keep water away from any openings

two strategies:

1. design and construction.

2. detail patterns in construction

EiABC chair building construction p. 25

waterproofing
keeping water away from the openings

The detail patterns that relate to keeping water away

 Wash

 Overhang and Drip

 overlap

 capillary break

 labyrinth

 rain screen assembly

EiABC chair building construction p. 26

waterproofing
wash – sloping roof

EiABC chair building construction p. 27

waterproofing
wash - washes on window sill

wooden sill steel sill stone sill

EiABC chair building construction p. 28

waterproofing
wash - washes on window sill

wooden sill steel sill stone sill

EiABC chair building construction p. 29

waterproofing
wash on a parapet coping

EiABC chair building construction p. 30

waterproofing
wash - horizontal panel joint

EiABC chair building construction p. 31

waterproofing
overhang and drip

EiABC chair building construction p. 32

waterproofing
overhang and drip – wall

EiABC chair building construction p. 33

waterproofing
overhang and drip – wall

cologne, 1873
EiABC chair building construction p. 34
waterproofing
overhang and drip – overhanging story

EiABC chair building construction p. 35

waterproofing
design and construction -

Masonry-and-Concrete-for-Residential-Construction.pdf
EiABC chair building construction p. 36
waterproofing
design and construction

Masonry-and-Concrete-for-Residential-Construction.pdf
EiABC chair building construction p. 37
waterproofing
overhang and drip – wood door sill

EiABC chair building construction p. 38

waterproofing
overhang and drip – steel door sill

EiABC chair building construction p. 39

waterproofing
overhang and drip – masonry parapet

EiABC chair building construction p. 40

waterproofing
overlap

EiABC chair building construction p. 41

waterproofing
overlap

EiABC chair building construction p. 42

waterproofing
overlap

wood bevel siding /cladding z-flashing over door

EiABC chair building construction p. 43
waterproofing
600 years old timber houses

EiABC chair building construction p. 44

waterproofing
overlap – traditional terra cotta reglet

EiABC chair building construction p. 45

waterproofing
overlap – surface mounted reglet

parapet

EiABC chair building construction p. 46

waterproofing
capillary break

EiABC chair building construction p. 47

waterproofing
capillary break

horizonal panel joint vertical panel joint

EiABC chair building construction p. 48
waterproofing
capillary break – wood window sash at sill

EiABC chair building construction p. 49

waterproofing
capillary break – metal sash at sill

EiABC chair building construction p. 50

waterproofing
capillary break – counterflashing

capillary
break

EiABC chair building construction p. 51

waterproofing
labyrinth

EiABC chair building construction p. 52

waterproofing
labyrinth – horizontal joint between wall panels

EiABC chair building construction p. 53

waterproofing
labyrinth – horizontal joint between wall panels

Horizontal
labyrinth joint

metal labyrinth joint

EiABC chair building construction p. 54
waterproofing
rainscreen assembly

EiABC chair building construction p. 55

waterproofing
water pumped or blown through a joint by air currents

Water Pumped or Blown Through a Joint by Air

Currents

EiABC chair building construction p. 56

waterproofing
rainscreen assembly –water pumped or blown through a joint by air currents

EiABC chair building construction p. 57

waterproofing
rainscreen assembly: put the sealant inside the joint

outside inside outside inside

even a cracked sealant, a cracked sealant

will prevent most air from passing will be bathed with

EiABC chair building construction p. 58

waterproofing
rainscreen assembly

EiABC chair building construction p. 59

waterproofing
Weather strip

EiABC chair building construction p. 60

waterproofing

summary
By using a combination of

 Wash ,
 labyrinth ,
 Capillary Break
 Overhang & drip,
 Over lap
 Rain screen assembly

we can design a sealant-free wall or window joint that will resist the
entry of water driven by the forces of gravity, momentum, capillary action
and surface tension.

EiABC chair building construction p. 63

waterproofing
waterproofing strategies

In designing any construction detail

three strategies are available:

1. to neutralize all the forces that water can move through openings

2. to keep water away from any openings.

design & construction
detail pattern and principles

3. to eliminate all the openings in the assembly.

sealant / waterproofing systems and materials

EiABC chair building construction p. 64

waterproofing
content

I
When Waterproofing

Waterproofing strategies

keep water out the construction

design & construction
detail pattern and principles

II
water proofing systems and materials

Detailing from foundation to roof

EiABC chair building construction p. 65

waterproofing

waterproofing systems

EiABC chair building construction p. 66

waterproofing

BC II

waterproofing
principles and details

EiABC chair building construction p. 67

waterproofing
waterproofing strategies

In designing any construction detail

three strategies are available:

1. to neutralize all the forces that water can move through openings

2. to keep water away from any openings.

design & construction
detail pattern and principles

3. to eliminate all the openings in the assembly.

sealant / waterproofing systems and materials

EiABC chair building construction p. 68

waterproofing
content

I
When Waterproofing

Waterproofing strategies

keep water out of building structure

design & construction
detail pattern and principles

II
water proofing systems and materials

Detailing from foundation to roof

EiABC chair building construction p. 69

waterproofing

waterproofing systems

EiABC chair building construction p. 70

waterproofing
to eliminate all the openings in the assembly

waterproofing systems

Sealing against pressurized water (Sealant)

Preformed gaskets

Courses /membranes

Painting against pressurized water

Injection systems

EiABC chair building construction p. 71

waterproofing
to eliminate all the openings in the assembly

SEALING AGAINST PRESSURIZED WATER

Sealant : substance used to seal something, e.g. by filling
gaps or making a surface nonporous

EiABC chair building construction p. 72

waterproofing

SEALING AGAINST PRESSURIZED WATER

EiABC chair building construction p. 73

waterproofing

SEALING AGAINST PRESSURIZED WATER

EiABC chair building construction p. 74

waterproofing
to eliminate all the openings in the assembly

PREFORMED GASKETS

Gaskets:

rubber seal: a piece of material such as rubber,

used to render a joint impermeable to gas or liquid

EiABC chair building construction p. 75

waterproofing
to eliminate all the openings in the assembly

PREFORMED GASKETS

EiABC chair building construction p. 76

waterproofing
to eliminate all the openings in the assembly

COURSES /MEMBRANES

EiABC chair building construction p. 77

waterproofing
to eliminate all the openings in the assembly

COURSES /MEMBRANES

EiABC chair building construction p. 78

waterproofing
to eliminate all the openings in the assembly

COURSES /MEMBRANES

EiABC chair building construction p. 79

waterproofing
to eliminate all the openings in the assembly

PAINTING AGAINST PRESSURIZED WATER

EiABC chair building construction p. 80

waterproofing
to eliminate all the openings in the assembly

PAINTING AGAINST PRESSURIZED WATER

EiABC chair building construction p. 81

waterproofing
to eliminate all the openings in the assembly

INJECTION SYSTEMS

EiABC chair building construction p. 82

waterproofing
to eliminate all the openings in the assembly

INJECTION SYSTEMS

EiABC chair building construction p. 83

waterproofing
content

I
When Waterproofing

Waterproofing strategies

keep water out the construction

design & construction
detail pattern and principles

water proofing systems and materials

II
from foundation to roof

EiABC chair building construction p. 84

waterproofing

II

from foundation to roof

own

EiABC chair building construction p. 85

waterproofing
water : sources

own

EiABC chair building construction p. 86

waterproofing

foundation / ground – details of waterproofing

own

EiABC chair building construction p. 87

waterproofing
sources of water – grade 1 – surface water

EiABC chair building construction p. 88

waterproofing
sources of water – grade 2 – surface and streaming water

EiABC chair building construction p. 89

waterproofing
sources of water – grade 3 – surface and temporar. ground water

EiABC chair building construction p. 90

waterproofing
sources of water – grade 4 – strong ground water /pressured water

EiABC chair building construction p. 91

waterproofing
foundation drainage

EiABC chair building construction p. 92

waterproofing
methods of waterproofing
There are two general methods of waterproofing

positive side waterproofing

negative side waterproofing

Masonry-and-Concrete-for-Residential-Construction.pdf

EiABC chair building construction p. 93

waterproofing
methods of waterproofing
positive side
waterproofing
the waterproofing is
applied to the same side
of the
wall or floor on which the
water source occurs

Positive side
waterproofing is always
preferable because the
structure itself is
protected from moisture
penetration, as well as
the interior spaces.
Cracks and voids such as form
tie holes should be patched or
filled before applying the damp
Masonry-and-Concrete-for-Residential-Construction.pdf
proofing
EiABC chair building construction p. 94
waterproofing
methods of waterproofing

negative
side waterproofing,
the waterproofing is
applied on the opposite
side of the structure as
the water source

Masonry-and-Concrete-for-Residential-Construction.pdf

EiABC chair building construction p. 95

waterproofing
foundation –principle

lehmbau

EiABC chair building construction p. 96

waterproofing
foundation –principle

lehmbau

EiABC chair building construction p. 97

waterproofing
foundation –principle

EiABC chair building construction p. 98

waterproofing
foundation –principle

lehmbau

EiABC chair building construction p. 99

waterproofing
foundation –principle

lehmbau

EiABC chair building construction p. 100

waterproofing
foundation - traditional wall

la19

EiABC chair building construction p. 101

waterproofing
foundation - traditional wall

lehmbau

EiABC chair building construction p. 102

waterproofing

wall – details of waterproofing

own

EiABC chair building construction p. 103

waterproofing
wall details

own

EiABC chair building construction p. 104

waterproofing
wall principe

own

EiABC chair building construction p. 105

waterproofing
wall- rainscreen

EiABC chair building construction p. 106

waterproofing
overlap

siding /cladding

EiABC chair building construction p. 107

waterproofing
overhang and drip – wooden cladding

EiABC chair building construction p. 108

waterproofing
water proof /membranes – examples of penetration
penetration from above (window/door head)

timber Window sill

chudley

EiABC chair building construction p. 109

waterproofing

Roof - details of waterproofing

own
EiABC chair building construction p. 110
waterproofing
General Principles

EiABC chair building construction p. 112

waterproofing
General Principles – roof - water collection

EiABC chair building construction p. 117

waterproofing
General Principles – roof - water collection

EiABC chair building construction p. 118

waterproofing
General Principles – roof - water collection

EiABC chair building construction p. 119

waterproofing
Prinzip – roof endings

aachen_s175

EiABC chair building construction p. 120

waterproofing

roof eaves

own

EiABC chair building construction p. 121

waterproofing
roof eaves

EiABC chair building construction p. 122

waterproofing
construction – eave detail

chudley

EiABC chair building construction p. 123

waterproofing
construction - eave

XX-AR-LA-T5-2-EP-011-A.pdf
EiABC chair building construction p. 124
waterproofing
construction - eave

XX-AR-LA-T5-2-EP-009-A.pdf

EiABC chair building construction p. 125

waterproofing
flat roof

aachen_s204

EiABC chair building construction p. 126

waterproofing
Flat roof

EiABC chair building construction p. 127

waterproofing
flatroof eaves

aachen_s196 metal sheet

EiABC chair building construction p. 128

waterproofing
parapet –flashing /skirting or reglet block

EiABC chair building construction p. 129

waterproofing
flat roof - eaves

How Buildings Work - allen –

The Natural Order of Architecture + facilieties - 2005.pdf
EiABC chair building construction p. 130
waterproofing
flatroof Flashing
What is missing ?

aachen_s197

EiABC chair building construction p. 131

waterproofing
flatroof skirting
What is missing ?

aachen_s197

EiABC chair building construction p. 132

waterproofing
Konstruktion - Flachdach - Details - flatroof flasing /skirting

aachen_s197

EiABC chair building construction p. 133

waterproofing
course flashing

aachen_s193

EiABC chair building construction p. 134

waterproofing
parapet

EiABC chair building construction p. 135

waterproofing
parapet gutter

chudley

EiABC chair building construction p. 136

waterproofing
valley gutter

chudley

EiABC chair building construction p. 137

waterproofing
Konstruktion - Flachdach - Details - flatroof drainage

aachen_s206

EiABC chair building construction p. 138

waterproofing

Thank You

EiABC chair building construction p. 139