Real Definition

Philosophy is the science of all

things or beings in their
ultimate causes or principles
acquired by the natural light of
reason alone.
 BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY
 BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY
 Metaphysics
• meta -beyond
physikon - nature/physical

• investigates the fundamental

nature of reality, being and
existence.
 Metaphysics
• Deals with the question of
REALITY and BEING.

• It also deals with the

questions about NON-
PHYSICAL WORLD such as;
“do angels exist?”and what do
we mean by real?”
 Cosmology
• kosmos - world or universe
logos - study of
• study of the universe or world including
its origin, dynamics and characteristics,
as well as the laws that govern its order.
• popularly known as the “theory of the
universe”
 Theodicy
• Theos - God
dike - right, just

• studies the nature, being,

goodness, and justice of God in
the light of reason alone
 Theodicy
• also God and man relationship
and other doctrines related to
divinity.

• known as “rational theology”,

because it uses reason to attain its
objectives.
Philosophical or Rational Psychology

• psyche - mind, soul, spirit,

logos - study of

• studies the nature and

functioning of the mind.
Philosophical or Rational Psychology

• otherwise known as the science of

behavior and the “theory of the
mind”
• deals with man as a dipartite
being, i.e., as a composite of body
and soul
 Logic
• logos - word or
logike - treatises or thought
• Science and art of correct
thinking
• METHODS ARGUMENT
 Logic
• inquires into the nature and
problems of correct
thinking and orderly
reasoning.
• Man and Reason
 Logic
• It offers answers to the
questions such as:
- “Is that reasoning sound?”
- “Is that statement true?”
- “Is that reasoning valid?”
 Aesthetics

• aisthetikos –sense of
perception
• studies beauty and the
art.
 Aesthetics
• Art - man’s creativeness/skills
in doing things beautifully.

• Beauty- quality attributed to

whatever pleases the beholder,
such as form, color, behavior.
 Aesthetics
• It offers answers to questions
like:
- “Is that a good music?”
- “Is that painting better than
this one?”
 Ethics
• ethos - customs, manners
• investigates the right and wrong in
man’s behavior and the morality of
human acts and conducts.
• Man and Actions
 Ethics
• Deals with question about
right and wrong e.g.;
- “Is morality subjective?”
- “What makes actions right
and wrong?”
 Epistemology
• Episteme - knowledge
logos - study of
• study of the origins, nature,
extent and the veracity (vera -
truth) reliability, truthfulness,
validity of knowledge.
 Epistemology
• Known as “theory of knowledge”

• Investigates different ways of

knowing, and whether there are
limits to knowing.
• Man and Knowledge
 Epistemology
• It considers questions like:
- “How can we possibly know?”
- “Is there such thing as ‘certainty’?”
 Check your
understanding
 Practice Quiz:

Identify the following

statements and pictures
based on the different
branches of Philosophy.
Yes, your transformation
will be hard.

Yes, you will feel