Philosophy is defined as the science of all things or beings in their ultimate causes or principles acquired by the natural light of reason alone. The main branches of philosophy are metaphysics, which investigates the fundamental nature of reality, being and existence; cosmology, which studies the universe or world including its origin, dynamics and characteristics; and theodicy, which studies the nature, being, goodness, and justice of God in the light of reason alone. Other branches include philosophical psychology, which studies the nature and functioning of the mind; logic, which inquires into the nature and problems of correct thinking and orderly reasoning; aesthetics, which studies beauty and art; ethics, which investigates right and wrong in human behavior
Philosophy is defined as the science of all things or beings in their ultimate causes or principles acquired by the natural light of reason alone. The main branches of philosophy are metaphysics, which investigates the fundamental nature of reality, being and existence; cosmology, which studies the universe or world including its origin, dynamics and characteristics; and theodicy, which studies the nature, being, goodness, and justice of God in the light of reason alone. Other branches include philosophical psychology, which studies the nature and functioning of the mind; logic, which inquires into the nature and problems of correct thinking and orderly reasoning; aesthetics, which studies beauty and art; ethics, which investigates right and wrong in human behavior
Philosophy is defined as the science of all things or beings in their ultimate causes or principles acquired by the natural light of reason alone. The main branches of philosophy are metaphysics, which investigates the fundamental nature of reality, being and existence; cosmology, which studies the universe or world including its origin, dynamics and characteristics; and theodicy, which studies the nature, being, goodness, and justice of God in the light of reason alone. Other branches include philosophical psychology, which studies the nature and functioning of the mind; logic, which inquires into the nature and problems of correct thinking and orderly reasoning; aesthetics, which studies beauty and art; ethics, which investigates right and wrong in human behavior
things or beings in their ultimate causes or principles acquired by the natural light of reason alone. BRANCHESOF PHILOSOPHY BRANCHESOF PHILOSOPHY Metaphysics • meta -beyond physikon -nature/physical
• investigates the fundamental
nature of reality, being and existence. Metaphysics • Deals with the question of REALITY and BEING.
• It also deals with the
questions about NON- PHYSICAL WORLD such as; “do angels exist?”and what do we mean by real?” Cosmology • kosmos - world or universe logos - study of • study of the universe or world including its origin, dynamics and characteristics, as well as the laws that govern its order. • popularly known as the “theory of the universe” Theodicy • Theos - God dike - right, just
• studies the nature, being,
goodness, and justice of God in the light of reason alone Theodicy • also God and man relationship and other doctrines related to divinity.
• known as “rational theology”,
because it uses reason to attain its objectives. Philosophical or Rational Psychology
• psyche - mind, soul, spirit,
logos - study of
• studies the nature and
functioning of the mind. Philosophical or Rational Psychology
• otherwise known as the science of
behavior and the “theory of the mind” • deals with man as a dipartite being, i.e., as a composite of body and soul Logic • logos - wordor logike - treatises or thought • Science and art of correct thinking • METHODS ARGUMENT Logic • inquires into the nature and problems of correct thinking and orderly reasoning. • Man andReason Logic • It offers answers to the questions such as: - “Is that reasoning sound?” - “Is that statement true?” - “Is that reasoning valid?” Aesthetics
• aisthetikos –sense of perception • studies beauty and the art. Aesthetics • Art - man’s creativeness/skills in doing things beautifully.
• Beauty- quality attributed to
whatever pleases the beholder, such as form, color, behavior. Aesthetics • It offers answers to questions like: - “Is that a good music?” - “Is that painting better than this one?” Ethics • ethos - customs, manners • investigates the right and wrong in man’s behavior and the morality of human acts andconducts. • Man andActions Ethics • Deals with question about right and wrong e.g.; - “Is morality subjective?” - “What makes actions right and wrong?” Epistemology • Episteme - knowledge logos - study of • study of the origins, nature, extent and the veracity (vera - truth) reliability, truthfulness, validity of knowledge. Epistemology • Known as “theory of knowledge”
• Investigates different ways of
knowing, and whether there are limits to knowing. • Man andKnowledge Epistemology • It considers questions like: - “How can we possibly know?” - “Is there such thing as ‘certainty’?” Check your understanding Practice Quiz:
Identify the following
statements and pictures based on the different branches of Philosophy. Yes, your transformation will be hard.