ALDRINE S.

ADAPTABILITY TEST OF DIFFERENT RICE VARIETIES INFLUENCE
BY DIFFERENT METHOD OF PLANTING
_____________________________
A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Agriculture Systems and Technology
Pampanga State Agricultural University
_________________________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Agriculture
(Crop Science)
By
JOHN ALDRINE P. SANTOS

MAY 2023
INTRODUCTION
Importance of the Study
Rice (Oryza zativa L.) is the most important food crop in developing countries
and is also one of the leading food crops in the world. It is the staple food of more than
half of the world's population. It accounts for 29% of the total calorie intake of these
populations. In Asia, rice is the largest source of employment in rural areas. It is
considered to be semi-aquatic (USDA, 2021–2022).
Rice is the most important crop of half of the world’s population as their main
source of carbohydrate. It is cultivated both in warm and cool climates (Sheaffer, 2009)
and 95% of the total rice production is contributed by Asian countries (Bhattacharjee et
al., 2002). According to Global Rice Science Research Partnership (2013), 4.4 out of 5.4
million hectares of arable land in the Philippines is devoted to rice production. It is the
staple food of billions of Filipinos, supplying their need of 250 calories per day (PSA,
April 2016).
Rice is Asia’s economically and culturally most important food crop, and its
production is regarded as the single most important economic activity on the planet. More
than 2.7 billion people, most of them poor, rely on rice as their major source of food. By
the year 2025, this number will grow to 3.9 billion people.
Rice production in the Philippines is an important aspect of the country's food
supply and economy. The Philippines ranked eighth in world rice production in 2018
(FAOSTAT, 2020). Rice is widely grown in Luzon and Western Visayas. For the past
two decades, rice production has increased from 12 MT in 1999 to 19 MT in 2008
(FAOSTAT, 2020). The annual mean of the total rice harvested area is ca. 4.7 M ha, and
the average yield is ca. 3.95 t per harvested ha in the Philippines. Almost 60% of the total
rice harvested area is irrigated; most of the remaining rice is grown in lowland rain-fed
conditions. About 70% of national rice production comes from Luzon (Roberts et al.,
2009). Much of the irrigated rice production is concentrated in the central plain of Luzon,
while rainfed rice is concentrated in the northern Luzon and coastal plains of Visayas
(Huke, 1982).
Rice production in the Philippines in 2022 and 2023 will remain at 12.4 million
tons, which is the same as the record set the previous year. In comparison to 2021 and
2022, rice imports of 2.8 million tons will be down 200,000 tons. Due to rising costs and
supply issues brought on by the conflict in the Black Sea, it is anticipated that imports
will decrease by 3% to 6.3 million tons. Due to high prices, consumption will decrease by
350,000 tones to 6.25 million tones in 2022 and 2023.
High-yielding varieties (HYV) are a key strategy for reducing global hunger and
poverty as well as increasing agricultural productivity. This paper investigates the causal
connection between high-yielding rice assortment, rice efficiency, ranch pay, and family
nourishment. Self-selection and endogeneity present a challenge when attempting to
evaluate the impact of changes on yield, such as crop varieties (Rahman, 2022).
Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the adaptability trial of three
selected varieties influenced by different methods of planting.

Objective of the Study
The general objective of the study was to evaluate the adaptability of three
selected rice varieties influenced by different methods of planting.
Especially, this study aims to evaluate the following:
1. Days to flowering;
2. Plant height anthesis at maturity;
3. Number of productive tillers;
4. Panicle length;
5. Number of grains per panicle;
6. Number of filled and unfilled grain;
7. Weight of 1000 seeds;
8. Harvest index;
9. Root shoot ratio; and
10. Computed yield (tons/ha);.
Time and place of the Study
The study was conducted from April 2023 to July 2023 at Barangay Sto.Nino,
Magalang, Pampanga.
Scope and Delimitation of the study
The focus of the study was on the adaptability test of different rice varieties under
the influence of different methods of planting.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Rice Production in the Philippines
The seasonally adjusted paddy production decreased by -0.7% quarter-on-quarter
in the first quarter of 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2021, production was 4.87 million
metric tons, down from 4.91 million metric tons.
In the first quarter of 2022, the seasonally adjusted rice production decreased by -
0.7 percent quarter-on-quarter. Production was down to 4.87 million metric tons from
4.91 million metric tons in the fourth quarter of 2021. Likewise, this quarter’s year-on-
year performance on rice production, when deseasonalized, was down by -1.4 percent
from its same quarter level of 4.94 million metric tons in the previous year (PSA, 2022).
According to Wesviarc et al. (2006), the relative advantage in yield and financial
returns of producing cross-breed rice over working on innate rice. It was stated that a
demonstration project was carried out to increase productivity and evaluate the
performance of commonly used inbred rice varieties. On a local scale, NSIC RC 110 had
the highest net income (P24,748.50 per hectare) and the highest RO1 (P1.00), followed
by PSB RC 28 (P18,049.50 per hectare) with a ROI of 0.76, PSB RC 82 (P14,292.00)
with a RO1 of 0.65, and NSIC RC 130 (P0.65).
Yoichiro Kato et al. (2014) cited that aerobic culture is being established in the
specific United States using large-scale center-pivot sprinklers, with yields exceeding 10
ha-1. However, yields in the tropics remain below 8 tha-1. The vigorous nitrogen uptake
that occurs during the reproductive phase of Japanese aerobic culture is primarily to
blame for the crop's high yield. This allows the rice plant to produce more sprout-lets and
biomass.
Liu Wei (2008) said that the aerobic culture is being established in the specific
United States using large-scale center-pivot sprinklers, with yields exceeding 10 ha-1.
However, yields in the tropics remain below 8 tha-1. The vigorous nitrogen uptake that
occurs during the reproductive phase of Japanese aerobic culture is primarily to blame for
the crop's high yield.
Saragih et al. (2013) stated that the finding suggests that rice grain yield is
significantly affected by drought or water stress at the early reproductive stage and that
water stress at various growth stages is known to reduce rice yield.
K.D. Joshiet et al.. (2007) cited that client-oriented breeding is sometimes based
on the preferences of a few farmers in a small area, so a possible drawback is that it will
produce varieties that are too locally adapted. The new varieties were broadly adapted as
they were superior in all three rice-growing seasons over varying levels of input. This
broad adaptation could be explained by the breeding method: the generations were
advanced in two contrasting seasons, and each generation was growing on a different
farmer’s field under different management and planting dates.
Sumith et al.(2001) stated that variables are evaluated for general adaptability
using D and v2, the stability parameter. The variety with the lowest D and non-significant
v2 is selected as the most adaptable variety in the test since it is the one with the highest
yield in all environments. The present method is illustrated in the comparison with the
most appropriate reference method that provides a parameter called superiority measure
of varietal performance’ on on-farm yield trials in rice. While retaining the advantage of
the reference method, the present method has the additional advantage of efficient and
precise detection of varietal differences in their adaptability over divers’ environments in
an objective and realistic manner.
Markandu et al. (2010) cited that the rice yield data of cultivars of three-month
maturity duration, cultivated across diverse environments during the 2002/03 wet season
in Sri Lanka, was analyzed for making recommendations. Based on the results, the
variety At581 gave the highest DK value, with wide adaptability selected for general
recommendation. Varieties Bg305 and At 303 also had relatively higher DK, and thus
these two can also be selected for general cultivation purposes.
Tang Wen-bang et al. (2010) stated that CLiangyou87 (815S/R527) is a new two-
line hybrid rice combination developed by the institute of rice science at the Human
Agricultural University. In human provincial regional trials in 2005–2006, it yielded the
highest (8.45 t/hm2, 7.3% higher than that of the check Shanyou63) among all tested
hybrids and matured in 133.9 days, 0.8 days later than that of the check Shanyou63. The
hybrid has the characteristics of high and stable yield, good plant type, relatively good
grain quality and stress resistance, and wide adaptability. It was approved for release by
the Hunan Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in January 2009, respectively.
Harro et al. (2013) This study offers evidence of the robustness of farmer rice
varieties in West Africa. The results contradict the rather common belief that farmer
varieties are only of local value. Farmer varieties should be considered by breeding
programs and used (alongside improvement varieties) in dissemination projects for rural
food security.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experimental Site
The study was conducted from April 2023 to July 2023 at Barangay St. Nino,
Magalang, Pampnaga. The study focused on the adaptability test of different rice varieties
under the influence of different methods of planting.
Experimental Crops
The three varieties of rice used in the study included the following: NSIC RC 512,
NSIC RC 506, and NSIC RC 436 ( (PhilRice, 2020).
The following are the agronomic characteristics of the variety will be used:
Characteristics NSIC RC 512 NSIC RC 436 NSIC RC 506
Average yield 5.6 t/ha 5.4 t/ha 5.9 t/ha
Maximum yieald 10.2 t/ha 10.3 t/ha 10.0 t/ha
Maturity 113 days 106 days 111 days
Reaction to pest Moderately resistant Moderately resistant Moderately

and desies to Blast, Stemborer, to GLH and BPH. resistant to Stem
BLB, BPH and Susceptible to Borer, blast, sheath
GLH. Bacterial Blight, blight, BPH and
Susceptible to Sheath Blight, and GLH.
Tungro, Sheath Tungro Susceptible to
Blight. Tungro and
Bacterial Blight.
Grain Size Long Medium Long
Milling recovery 71.1% 72.6% 73.2

Experimental Design and Treatments
The experimental design that was used is a two factorial experiment in a Random
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments and three
replications. The treatments are presented below:
Treatment (Direct Seeding)
T1 - NSIC RC 436
T2 - NSIC RC 506
T3 - NSIC RC 512
Sub-Treatment (Transplanted)
T1 - NSIC RC 436
T2 - NSIC RC 506
T3 - NSIC RC 512
4m 4m
5m
5m
T1 T3 T2 T2 T3 T1
15m 15m
T3 T2 T1
T3 T1 T2
T2 T1 T3
T1 T2 T3
18m 18m
TRANSPL DIRECT
Figure 1. Experimental Layout
Legend:
Total land area - 270 m2
Plot size - 5m x 4m
Area planted - 180 m2
Distance between plot - 1m
Number of rows per plot - 3
Number of hills per row - 3
Planting distance - 20 cm x 20 cm
\
CULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Soil analysis
A soil sample was taken by selecting 10 different spots around the whole area.
For the composite soil, a thoroughly mixed sample of almost 1 kilogram was air dried.
When the soil was already dried and pulverized, it was submitted to the City of San
Fernando for soil analysis to determine the recommended rate for fertilizer application.
Land preparation
An area of about 540 square meters was prepared by plowing and harrowing
twice with the use of a tractor drawn to eliminate the weeds and pulverize the soil into its
finest tilts and level.
Soaking of seeds
The seeds were soaked for not less than 24 hours. Soaking was done in order to
enhance rapid and vigorous germination. The seeds were incubated to retain heat to
hasten germination.
Seedbed preparation and sowing the seeds
The seedbed was measured, leveled, and immediately prepared thoroughly by
plowing and harrowing three times before sowing pre-germinated seeds.
Direct seeding
Direct seeding is done when the land to be planted is prepared and the seeds have
a 60–70% germination rate.
Transplanting and replanting
Transplanting was done 22–25 days after sowing, and replanting was done 7 days
after transplanting to replant the missing hills.

Fertilizer Application
The fertilizer application was based on the recommended rate in the soil analysis
result.
Irrigation
Plants received an adequate quantity of water during the vegetative stage until the
grain filling time. The experimental area was drained one week before harvesting to
facilitate harvest.
Weeding
Hand weeding was done ten days after transplanting, and if necessary, it was done
once a week.
Insect pest management
Methomyl and Dimethylamine insecticide was used to control stem borer at the
vegetative stage of rice. Throughout the study, diseases and pests were controlled and
regularly monitored. If necessary, appropriate pesticides were used.
Harvesting
Manual harvesting of rice was done when 80–85% ran golden yellow and the
bases were in the hard dough stage. Harvesting was done when the manually using hand
reaper.
DATA GATHERED
Ten (10) plants were randomly selected in every treatment to serve as sample
plants for the following parameters:
1. Days to flowering
This was determined by counting the days from planting until the plant reached
90% of its maturity.
2. Plant height and anthesis at maturity (cm)
This was determined by measuring the plant height from the base up to the tip of
the anthesis using a meter stick at maturity.
3. Number of productive tillers
The number of productive tillers was determined by counting the productive
tillers per plant.
4. Length of panicle (cm)
This was determined by measuring the length of the panicle from the first node up
to the tip of the panicle using a meter stick.
5. Number of grains per panicle
The number of grains per panicle was determined by counting the grains per
panicle.
6. Number of filled and unfilled grains
This was determined by counting the number of filled grain and unfilled grain
from each panicle at harvest.

7. Weight of 1000 grains (g)
This was determined by weighing the 1,000 grains or seeds using the digital
weighing scale and was recorded.
8. Harvest Index (g)
Harvest index (HI) refers to the ratio of grain yield to total dry mass. This
was computed using this formula:
Formula: Grain Yield (Ye) ÷ Total Dry Mass (Yb) = Harvest Index
9. Root shoot ratio (g)
The root shoot ratio was determined using the formula below:
Formula: dry weight of root biomass ÷ dry weight of shoot biomass.
10. Computed yield (tons/ha)
The computed yield per ton/ha was determined by weighing the grain yield per
plot and was computed using the formula below:
Formula: Grain yield per plot ÷ sample area x 10,000 = computed yield per ton/ha
Number of days from sowing to flowering
Table 1 shows the number of days from sowing to flowering as to evaluate the
adaptability trial of three selected varieties influence by different method of planting. The
statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference among the method of
planting and between varieties.
Statistical analysis revealed that direct seeding method has the lowest days to
produced flower with a mean of 74 days. Moreover, a significant difference was also
observed between varieties. NSIC RC 436 variety produced the earliest flower with a
mean of 73 days followed by NSIC RC 506 and NSIC RC 512 with a ranging mean 78
days to 78 days.
Table 1. Number of days from sowing to flowering as to evaluate the adaptability trial of
three selected rice varieties influence by different method of planting
Planting Variety Mean
Method V1 - 436 V2 - 506 V3 - 512
Direct Seeding 71.67 76.13 76.33 74.71 b
Transplanting 75.57 80.83 81.37 79.26 a
Mean 73.62 b 78.48 a 78.85 a
*Mean with the same letter are not significantly different.
Table 1a. Analysis of Variance on number of days from sowing to flowering

SOURCE OF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Block 2 0.3233 0.1617 0.22 0.8168
Method of planting 1 92.9339 92.9339 128.98 0.077
Error 2 1.4411 0.7206
Variety 2 102.4133 51.2067 266.78 0.0000
Method of planting variety 2 1.0178 0.5089 2.65 0.1308
Error 8 1.5356 0.1919
Total 17 199.6650
CV= 14.86%
Plant height anthesis at maturity (cm)
Reflected in Table 2 the plant height anthesis at maturity (cm) as to evaluate the
statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between the method of
planting and between varieties.
Statistical analysis revealed that transplanting method produced the tallest plant
with a mean of 128.46 cm. Furthermore, a significant difference was also observed
between the varieties. NSIC RC 506 obtained the tallest plant height with a mean of
130.05 cm. Meanwhile, NSIC RC 436 and NSIC RC 512 variety were comparable with
each other ranging from 124.73 cm to 125.05 cm.
Table 2. Plant height anthesis at maturity (cm) as to evaluate the adaptability trial of
Method V1 - 436 V2 - 506 V3 - 512
Direct Seeding 122.80 127.73 123.77 124.77 b
Transplanting 126.67 132.37 126.33 128.46 a
Mean 124.73 b 130.05 a 125.05 b
Table 2a. Analysis of Variance on plant height anthesis at maturity

SOURCE OF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Block 2 70.1378 35.07689 10.82 0.0846
Error 2 6.4844 3.2422
Variety 2 106.7344 53.3672 18.05 0.011
Error 8 23.6511 2.9564
Total 17 271.5178
CV= 1.42%
Number of productive tillers

The number of productive tiller per plant as to evaluate the adaptability trial of
three selected varieties influence by different method of planting reflected in Table 3. The
statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between varieties.
Numerically, direct seeding obtained the highest number of tiller per plant with a
mean of 14.50. Furthermore, NSIC RC 512 variety obtained the highest number of tiller
per plant followed by NSIC RC 506 variety. Meanwhile, NSIC RC 436 variety obtained
lowest number of tiller per plant.
Table 3. Number of productive tillers as to evaluate the adaptability trial of three selected
rice varieties influence by different method of planting
Method V1 - 436 V2 - 506 V3 - 512
Direct Seeding 13.07 15.10 15.33 14.50
Transplanting 12.37 13.70 14.83 13.63
Mean 12.72 b 14.40 a 15.08 a
Table 3a. Analysis of Variance on number of productive tillers

SOURCE OF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Block 2 0.0400 0.0200 0.08 0.9250
Error 2 0.4933 0.2467
Variety 2 17.8033 8.9017 25.13 0.0004
Error 8 2.833 0.3542
Total 17 25.2200
CV= 3.53%
Length of panicle (cm)

Table 4 shows the length of panicle (cm) as to evaluate the adaptability trial of
three selected varieties influence by different method of planting. The statistical analysis
revealed that there was no significant difference among the method of planting and
between varieties.
Numerically, direct seeding method obtained the longest panicle with a mean of
26.01 cm. Also, numerically difference was observed between varieties. NSIC RC 506
variety obtained the longest panicle followed by NSIC RC 512 variety. Meanwhile, NSIC
RC 436 variety obtained shortest length of panicle.
Table 4. Length of panicle (cm) as to evaluate the adaptability trial of three selected rice
varieties influence by different method of planting
Method V1 - 436 V2 - 506 V3 - 512
Direct Seeding 25.90 26.30 25.83 26.01
Transplanting 25.53 25.56 25.70 25.60
Mean 25.71 25.93 25.77
Table 4a. Analysis of Variance on length of panicle

SOURCE OF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Block 2 0.2711 0.1356 0.24 0.8076
Error 2 1.1378 0.5689
Variety 2 0.1878 0.0939 0.48 0.6366
Error 8 1.5711 0.1964
Total 17 4.1694
CV= 2.92%
Number of grains per panicle

Reflected in Table 5 the number of grains per panicle as to evaluate the
statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant difference between varieties. NSIC
RC 512 variety obtained the highest number of grains per panicle with a mean of 157.08
followed by NSIC RC 506 variety with a mean of 153.91. Meanwhile, NSIC RC 436
variety obtained lowest number of grains per panicle with a mean of 150.80.
Table 5. Number of grains per panicle as to evaluate the adaptability trial of three
selected rice varieties influence by different method of planting
Method V1 - 436 V2 - 506 V3 - 512
Direct Seeding 150.97 a 155.03 a 158.47 a 154.82
Transplanting 150.63 a 152.80 b 155.07 b 152.83
Mean 150.80 c 153.91 b 157.08 a
Table 5a. Analysis of Variance on number of grains per panicle

SOURCE OF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Block 2 0.6744 0.3372 0.80 0.5550
Error 2 0.8411 0.4206
Variety 2 106.8744 53.4372 81.31 0.0000
Error 8 5.2578 0.6572
Total 17 138.6361
CV= 0.4216%
Number of filled grains per panicle

The number of filled grains per panicle to evaluate the adaptability trial of three
selected varieties is influenced by different methods of planting, as reflected in Table 6.
The statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between varieties.
NSIC RC 512 has the number of filled grains per panicle with a mean of 124.35.
Meanwhile, the NSIC RC 436 and NSIC RC 506 varieties were comparable with each
other, ranging from 120.95 to 121.95.
Table 6. Number of filled grains per panicle as to evaluate the adaptability trial of three
Method V1 - 436 V2 - 506 V3 - 512
Direct Seeding 121.33 123.10 124.87 123.10
Transplanting 120.57 120.80 123.83 121.73
Mean 120.95 b 121.95 b 124.35 a
Table 6a. Analysis of Variance on number of filled grains per panicle

SOURCE OF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Block 2 1.2100 0.6050 0.22 0.8176
Error 2 5.4233 2.7117
Variety 2 36.6400 18.3200 7.29 0.0157
Error 8 20.0933 2.5117
Total 17 73.7850
CV= 1.35%
Number of unfilled grains per panicle

Table 7 shows the number of unfilled grains per panicle to evaluate the
adaptability trial of three selected varieties influenced by different methods of planting.
The statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference among varieties.
NSIC RC 436 has the lowest number of unfilled grains per panicle, with a mean
of 29.85. Meanwhile, the NSIC RC 506 and NSIC RC 512 varieties were comparable
with each other, ranging from 31.97 to 32.10.
Table 7. Number of unfilled grains per panicle as to evaluate the adaptability trial of
Method V1 - 436 V2 - 506 V3 - 512
Direct Seeding 29.63 31.93 32.27 31.28
Transplanting 30.07 32.00 31.93 31.33
Mean 29.85 b 31.97 a 32.10 a
Table 7a. Analysis of Variance on number of unfilled grains per panicle

SOURCE OF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Block 2 2.8078 1.4039 0.43 0.6986
Error 2 6.5078 3.2539
Variety 2 19.1211 9.5606 6.16 0.0240
Error 8 12.4178 1.5522
Total 17 41.3094
CV= 4.95%
Weight of 1,000 seeds (g)

Table 8 shows the weight of 1,000 seeds (g) to evaluate the adaptability trial of
three selected varieties influenced by different methods of planting. The statistical
analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the method of planting
and the types of varieties.
However, the direct seeding method obtained the heaviest weight of 1,000 seeds,
with a mean of 31.67 grams. Also, a numerical difference was observed among varieties.
The NSIC RC 512 variety obtained the heaviest weight of 1,000 seeds with a mean of
31.67 grams, followed by the NSIC RC 506 variety with a mean of 30.66 grams.
Meanwhile, the NSIC RC 436 variety obtained the lightest weight of 1,000 seeds with a
mean of 330.50 grams.
Table 8. Weight of 1,000 seeds (g) as to evaluate the adaptability trial of three selected
rice varieties influence by different method of planting
Method V1 - 436 V2 - 506 V3 - 512
Direct Seeding 31.33 31.00 32.67 31.67
Transplanting 29.67 30.33 30.67 30.22
Mean 30.50 30.66 31.67
Table 8a. Analysis of Variance on weight of 1,000 seeds

SOURCE OF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Block 2 7.4444 3.7222 5.15 0.1625
Error 2 1.4444 0.7222
Variety 2 4.7778 2.3889 0.78 0.4896
Error 8 24.4444 3.0556
Total 17 48.9444
CV= 2.75%
Harvest index (g)
Reflected in Table 9 the harvest index (g) as to evaluate the adaptability trial of
analysis revealed that there was a significant difference among varieties.
However, direct seeding obtained the heaviest harvest index with a mean of 33.67
grams. Furthermore, the NSIC RC 512 variety obtained the heaviest harvest index with a
mean of 34.32 grams, followed by the NSIC RC 506 variety with a mean of 33.26 grams.
Meanwhile, the NSIC RC 436 variety obtained the lightest harvest index with a mean of
29.46 grams.
Table 9. Harvest index (g) as to evaluate the adaptability trial of three selected rice
Method V1 - 436 V2 - 506 V3 - 512
Direct Seeding 30.51 34.90 35.61 33.67
Transplanting 28.40 31.61 33.03 31.01
Mean 29.46 b 33.26 a 34.32 a
Table 9a. Analysis of Variance on harvest index

SOURCE OF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Block 2 6.9895 3.4948 0.58 0.6309
Error 2 11.9497 5.9749
Variety 2 78.4271 39.2136 11.98 0.0039
Error 8 26.1908 3.2726
Total 17 156.5330
CV= 7.56%
Root-to-shoot ratio (g)

The root-to-shoot ratio as to evaluate the adaptability trial of three selected
varieties is influenced by different methods of planting, as reflected in Table 10. The
statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference among varieties.
However, direct seeding has the heaviest root-to-shoot ratio, with a mean of 22.82
g. Furthermore, the NSIC RC 512 variety obtained the heaviest root-to-shoot ratio with a
mean of 23.21 grams, followed by the NSIC RC 506 variety with a mean of 22.25 grams.
Meanwhile, the NSIC RC 436 variety obtained the lightest root-to-shoot ratio with a
mean of 21.40 grams.
Table 10. Root to shoot ratio as to evaluate the adaptability trial of three selected rice
Method V1 - 436 V2 - 506 V3 - 512
Direct Seeding 21.78 22.85 23.81 22.82
Transplanting 21.02 21.65 22.61 21.76
Mean 21.40 b 22.25 ab 23.21 a
Table 10a. Analysis of Variance on root to shoot ratio

SOURCE OF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Block 2 0.0799 0.0399 0.03 0.9706
Error 2 2.6364 1.3182
Variety 2 9.8219 4.9110 4.86 0.0415
Error 8 8.0788 1.0099
Total 17 25.7839
CV= 5.15%
Actual yield per plot (kg)

The actual yield per plot as to evaluate the adaptability trial of three selected
varieties influence by different method of planting reflected in Table 11. The statistical
analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between the method of planting
and the type of varieties. Numerically, direct seeding method has the heaviest actual yield
per plot with a mean of 13.70 kg. However, NSIC RC 512 variety obtained the heaviest
actual yield per plot with a mean of 14.25 kg. Meanwhile, NSIC RC 436 variety obtained
the lightest actual yield per plot with a mean of 12.56 kg.
Table 11. Actual yield per plot as to evaluate the adaptability trial of three selected rice
Method V1 - 436 V2 - 506 V3 - 512
Direct Seeding 12.92 13.25 14.92 13.70
Transplanting 12.21 12.36 13.58 12.72
Mean 12.56 12.80 14.25
Table 11a. Analysis of Variance on actual yield per plot

SOURCE OF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Block 2 0.7952 0.3976 0.10 0.9066
Error 2 7.7184 3.8592
Variety 2 9.9488 4.9744 2.70 0.1272
Error 8 14.7516 1.8439
Total 17 37.8206
CV= 14.88%
Computed yield per ton/ha

Table 12 shows the computed yield per ton/ha to evaluate the adaptability trial of
analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between the method of planting
and the types of varieties. Numerically, the direct seeding method has the highest
computed yield per ton/ha, with a mean of 6.84 tons. However, the NSIC RC variety
obtained the highest computed yield per ton/ha, with a mean of 7.12 tons/ha. On the other
hand, the NSIC RC 436 variety obtained the shortest computed yield per ton/ha with a
mean of 6.27 tons/ha.
Table 12. Computed yield per tons/ha as to evaluate the adaptability trial of three
Method V1 - 436 V2 - 506 V3 - 512
Direct Seeding 6.45 6.62 7.45 6.84
Transplanting 6.10 6.18 6.79 6.36
Mean 6.27 6.40 7.12
Table 12a. Analysis of Variance on computed yield per tons/ha

SOURCE OF
DF SS MS Fc Pr(>F)
VARIATION
Block 2 0.1965 0.0982 0.10 0.9074
Error 2 1.9250 0.9625
Variety 2 2.4896 1.2448 2.69 0.1275
Error 8 3.6973 0.4622
Total 17 9.4541
CV= 14.86%
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY
The field study was conducted from May 2023 to August 2023 at St. Nino,
Magalang, Pampanga as to evaluate the adaptability trial of three selected rice varieties
influence by different methods of planting. The experimental design used was a
randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three varieties and replicated three
times. The following treatments used were as follows:V1 (NSIC RC 436), V2 (NSIC RC
506) and V3 NSIC RC 512).
The results of the study revealed the following in terms of method of planting and
between varieties;
V1: NSIC RC 436
The transplanting method obtained a significant difference in terms of the number
of days from sowing to flowering and plant height. However, direct seeding produced a
significant difference in terms of the number of unfilled grains.
V2: NSIC RC 506
Direct seeding obtained a significant difference in terms of plant height, length of
panicle, number of grains per panicle, and harvest index.
V3: NSIC RC 512
Direct seeding obtained a significant difference in terms of the number of
productive tillers, the number of grains per panicle, the number of filled grains, the
harvest index, and the root-to-shoot ratio.
CONCLUSION
Number of days from sowing to flowering
The statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference among the
method of planting and between varieties. Direct seeding method has the lowest days to
produced flower with a mean of 74.71 days. Moreover, a significant difference was also
observed between varieties. NSIC RC 436 variety produced the earliest flower with a
mean of 73.62 days followed by NSIC RC 506 and NSIC RC 512 with a ranging mean
78.48 days to 78.85 days.
Plant height anthesis at maturity (cm)
The statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between
the method of planting and between varieties. Transplanting method produced the tallest
plant with a mean of 128.46 cm. Furthermore, a significant difference was also observed
between the varieties. NSIC RC 506 obtained the tallest plant height with a mean of
130.05 cm. Meanwhile, NSIC RC 436 and NSIC RC 512 variety were comparable with
each other ranging from 124.73 cm to 125.05 cm.
Number of productive tillers
varieties. However, direct seeding obtained that highest number of tiller per plant with a
mean of 14.50. Furthermore, NSIC RC 512 variety obtained the highest number of tiller
per plant followed by NSIC RC 506 variety. Meanwhile, NSIC RC 436 variety obtained
lowest number of tiller per plant.
Length of panicle (cm)

The statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference among the
method of planting and between varieties.However, direct seeding method obtained the
longest panicle with a mean of 26.01 cm. Also, numerically difference was observed
between varieties. NSIC RC 506 variety obtained the longest panicle with a mean of
25.93 cm followed by NSIC RC 512 variety with a mean of 25.77 cm. Meanwhile, NSIC
RC 436 variety obtained shortest length of panicle with a mean of 25.71 cm.
Number of grains per panicle
The statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant difference between
varieties. NSIC RC 512 variety obtained the highest number of grains per panicle with a
mean of 157.08 followed by NSIC RC 506 variety with a mean of 153.91. Meanwhile,
NSIC RC 436 variety obtained lowest number of grains per panicle with a mean of
150.80.
Number of filled grains per panicle
varieties. NSIC RC 512 has the number of filled grains per panicle with a mean of
124.35. Meanwhile, NSIC RC 436 and NSIC RC 506 variety were comparable with
each other ranging from 120.95 to 121.95.
Number of unfilled grains per panicle
Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference among
varieties. NSIC RC 436 has the lowest number of unfilled grains per panicle with a mean
of 29.85. Meanwhile, NSIC RC 506 and NSIC RC 512 variety were comparable with
each other ranging from 31.97 to 32.10
Weight of 1,000 seeds (g)

Statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the
method of planting and the type of varieties. However, direct seeding method obtained
the heaviest weight of 1,000 seeds with a mean of 31.67 grams. Also, numerically
difference was observed among varieties. NSIC RC 512 variety obtained the heaviest
weight of 1,000 seeds with a mean of 31.67 grams followed by NSIC RC 506 variety
with a mean of 30.66 grams. Meanwhile, NSIC RC 436 variety obtained lightest weight
of 1,000 seeds with a mean of 330.50 grams.
Harvest index (g)
The statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference among
varieties. Moreover, direct seeding obtained the heaviest harvest index with a mean of
33.67 grams. Furthermore, NSIC RC 512 variety obtained the heaviest harvest index
with a mean 34.32 grams followed by NSIC RC 506 variety with a mean of 33.26 grams.
Meanwhile, NSIC RC 436 variety obtained lightest harvest index with a mean of 29.46
grams.
Root to shoot ratio (g)
The statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference among
varieties. However, direct seeding has the heaviest root to shoot ratio with a mean of
22.82 g. Furthermore, NSIC RC 512 variety obtained the heaviest root to shoot ratio
with a mean 23.21 grams followed by NSIC RC 506 variety with a mean of 22.25 grams.
Meanwhile, NSIC RC 436 variety obtained lightest root to shoot ratio with a mean of
21.40 grams.
Actual yield per plot (kg)

The statistical analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between the
method of planting and the type of varieties. Numerically, direct seeding method has the
heaviest actual yield per plot with a mean of 13.70 kg. However, NSIC RC 512 variety
obtained the heaviest actual yield per plot with a mean of 14.25 kg. Meanwhile, NSIC RC
436 variety obtained the lightest actual yield per plot with a mean of 12.56 kg.
Computed yield per tons/ha
The statistical analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between the
method of planting and the type of varieties. Numerically, direct seeding method has the
highest computed yield per ton/ha with a mean of 6.84 tons. However, NSIC RC variety
obtained the highest computed yield per tons/ha with a mean of 7.12 tons/ha. On the
other hand, NSIC RC 436 variety obtained the shortest computed yield per ton/ha with a
mean of 6.27 tons/ha.

RECCOMMENDATION
V1 - NSIC RC 436
Transplanting method was the most efficient in terms obtaining the lowest
number of days from sowing to flowering and plant height. However, direct seeding in
terms of number of unfilled grains,
V2 - NSIC RC 506
Direct seeding method was the most efficient in terms of obtaining the highest
plant height, longest panicle and highest number of grains per panicle and heaviest
harvest index
V3 - NSIC RC 512
Direct seeding method was the most efficient in terms of obtaining the highest
number of productive tillers, highest number of grains per panicle, highest number of
filled grains, harvest index, root to shoot ratio and highest yield per tons/hectare
Hence, can be recommended under Magalang, Pampanga condition including
other areas of similar agro ecological condition. On another note, further studies or
experimentation is also recommended on the subject to have more conclusive finding.

LITERATURE CITED
Anputhas , M. , S. Samita, and D. Sumith De. Z. Abeysiriwardena. 2012 Stability and

adaptability analysis of rice cultivars using environment- entered yield in two-
way ANOVA model. International Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture and
Biology, 80-86.
Income and household nutrition: evidence from rural Bangladesh - Agriculture & Food
Security. BioMed.
Joshi, K.D., A.M. Musab, C. Johansenc, S. Gyawalid, D. Harries, and J.R. Witcombe.
2007 Highly client-oriented produces widely adapted rice varieties. Field Crops
Research, 107-116.
Kato, Y. and K. Katyura. 2014 Physicological Considerations and Implications for
Agronomy. Rice Adaptation to Aerobic Soils, 1-12
Kato, Y. and K. Katyura. 2014 Physilogical Considerations and Implication for

Agronomy. Rice Adaptation to Aerobic Soils,1-12.
Maat, H., P. Richards, and P.C. Struik mail. 2013 Robustness and Strategies of
Adaptation among Farmer Varieties of African Rice (Oryzaglaberrima) and Asian
Rice (Oryza sativa) across West Africa.
Rahman, M. M. (2022, May 7). The effect of high-yielding variety on rice yield, farm
Sumith de Abeysiriwardena, D. 2001 Statistical analysis of on farm yield Trials for

testing adaptability of rice. Euphytica, 215-222.
Wei, L. 2008 Study on Stability and Adaptability of Japonica Rice in Liaoning North
Rice.
WESVIARC 2006. Adoptability Trial of Commonly Used Inbre Rice Varieties and
Measuring Success: Assesment of Hybrid Rice Production Technology in Cluster
Areas of Aklan, Capiz and Iloilo.
Wei, L. 2008 Study on Stability and Adaptability of Japonica Rice in Liaoning.North

Rice.
Wen-bang T., C. Li-yun, X. Ying-hui, L. Guo-hua, and D. Hua- bing. 2010 Breeding and
Application of New Two-line Hybrid Rice Combination C Liangyou 87 with
High Yield and Wide Adaptability, Hybrid Rice.
PLATES
Plate 1. The researcher while land preparation
Plate 2. The researcher while land preparation

Plate 3. The researcher while sowing
Plate 4. The researcher while transplanting

Plate 5. The researcher while spraying
Plate 6. The researcher while fertilizer application

Plate 7. Overview of transplanted after 10 days
Plate 8. Overview of direct seeding

Plate 9. Farm Visit
Plate 10. Farm Visit

Plate 11. Farm Visit
Plate 12. The researcher while gathering data of number of days of flowering
Plate 13. The researcher while harvesting
Plate 14. Collected harvest

Plate 15. The researcher while harvesting
Plate 16. The researcher while measuring plant height anthesis

Plate 17. The researcher while measuring length of panicle
Plate 18. The researcher while counting number of grain per panicle
Plate 19. The researcher while counting number of tiller per plant
Plate 20. The researcher while counting number of filled grains

Plate 21. The researcher while weighing the 1,000 seeds
Plate 22. The researcher while weighing the root to shoot ratio
Plate 23. The researcher while weighing the actual yield per plot
APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Number of days to flowering
Methof of Variety B1 B2 B3 Total Mean

Planting
Direct V1 - 436 71.2 71.8 72 215 71.67

Seeding
V2 - 506 76 76.1 76.3 228 76.13
V3 - 512 76.3 76.6 76.1 229 76.33
Transplantin V1 - 436 75.5 75.6 75.6 226.7 75.57

g
V2 - 506 82 80.2 80.3 242.5 80.83
V3 - 512 82 80.8 81.3 244.1 81.37
Appendix 2. Plant height anthesis at maturity (cm)

Planting
Direct V1 - 436 122.1 122.2 124.1 368.4 122.80

Seeding
V2 - 506 127 125.2 131 383.2 127.73
V3 - 512 123.1 122.2 126 371.3 123.77
Transplanting V1 - 436 125.3 122.9 131.8 380 126.67
V2 - 506 132.7 129.7 134.7 397.1 132.37

V3 - 512 129 123.2 126.8 379 126.33
Appendix 3. Number of tillers per plant

Planting
Direct V1 - 436 13.7 12.3 13.2 39.2 13.07

Seeding
V2 - 506 15.8 14.7 14.8 45.3 15.10
V3 - 512 14.8 15.9 15.3 46.0 15.33
Transplantin V1 - 436 11.7 12.6 12.8 37.1 12.37

g
V2 - 506 13.5 13.6 14 41.1 13.70
V3 - 512 15.1 14.9 14.5 44.5 14.83
Appendix 4. Length of panicle (cm)

Planting
Direct V1 - 436 26 26.3 25.4 77.7 25.90

Seeding
V2 - 506 26.9 26.1 25.9 78.9 26.30
V3 - 512 26.1 26.2 25.2 77.5 25.83
Transplantin V1 - 436 25.1 25.5 26.5 77.1 25.70

g
V2 - 506 26 25.2 25.5 76.7 25.57
V3 - 512 25.6 25.6 25.4 76.6 25.53
Appendix 5. Number of grains per panicle

Planting
Direct V1 - 436 150.8 150.6 151.5 452.9 150.97

Seeding
V2 - 506 155 155.2 154.9 465.1 155.03
V3 - 512 157.7 157.9 159.8 475.4 158.47
Transplantin V1 - 436 151.4 150.8 149.7 451.9 150.63

g
V2 - 506 153.1 152.3 153 458.4 152.80
V3 - 512 154 155.5 155.7 465.2 155.07
Appendix 6. Number of filled grains per panicle

Planting
Direct V1 - 436 122.2 120.1 121.7 364.0 121.33

Seeding
V2 - 506 122.9 123.8 122.6 369.3 123.10
V3 - 512 125.6 126.7 122.3 374.6 124.87
Transplantin V1 - 436 122.5 119.8 119.4 361.7 120.57

g
V2 - 506 119.8 119.7 122.9 362.4 120.80
V3 - 512 123.7 123.3 124.5 371.5 123.83
Appendix 7. Number of unfilled grains per panicle

Planting
Direct V1 - 436 28.6 30.5 29.8 88.9 29.63

Seeding
V2 - 506 32.1 31.4 32.3 95.8 31.93
V3 - 512 32.1 31.2 33.5 96.8 32.27
Transplantin V1 - 436 28.9 31 30.3 90.2 30.07

g
V2 - 506 33.3 32.6 30.1 96 32.00
V3 - 512 30.3 34.3 31.2 95.8 31.93
Appendix 8. Weight of 1,000 seeds (g)

Planting
Direct V1 - 436 29 28 32 89.0 29.67

Seeding
V2 - 506 29 33 32.3 94.3 31.43
V3 - 512 31 29 33.5 93.5 31.17
Transplantin V1 - 436 31 31 32 94 31.33

g
V2 - 506 31 29 33 93 31.00
V3 - 512 33 32 33 98 32.67
Appendix 9. Harvest index (g)

Planting
Direct V1 - 436 27.11 34.04 30.39 91.5 30.51

Seeding
V2 - 506 33.24 35.61 35.86 104.7 34.90
V3 - 512 35.42 35.92 35.49 106.8 35.61
Transplantin V1 - 436 29.1 27.97 28.13 85.2 28.40

g
V2 - 506 32.23 33.85 28.74 94.82 31.61
V3 - 512 33.34 31.82 33.93 99.09 33.03
Appendix 10. Root to shoot ratio (g)

Planting
Direct V1 - 436 20.9 23.21 21.23 65.3 21.78

Seeding
V2 - 506 22.88 23.67 22 68.6 22.85
V3 - 512 24 23.28 24.15 71.4 23.81
Transplantin V1 - 436 21.19 20.43 21.45 63.07 21.02

g
V2 - 506 23.12 20.11 21.73 64.96 21.65
V3 - 512 22 23.22 22.61 67.83 22.61
Appendix 11. Actual yield per plot (kg)

Planting
Direct V1 - 436 12.74 14.81 11.21 38.8 12.92

Seeding
V2 - 506 11.715 13.52 14.5 39.7 13.25
V3 - 512 14.625 15.885 14.231 44.7 14.91
Transplantin V1 - 436 11.456 11.39 13.775 36.621 12.21

g
V2 - 506 14.115 10.485 12.475 37.075 12.36
V3 - 512 12.79 13.893 14.055 40.738 13.58
Appendix 12. Computed yield per tons/ha

Planting
Direct V1 - 436 6.37 7.4 5.6 19.4 6.46

Seeding
V2 - 506 5.86 6.76 7.25 19.9 6.62
V3 - 512 7.31 7.94 7.11 22.4 7.45
Transplantin V1 - 436 5.73 5.69 6.88 18.3 6.10

g
V2 - 506 7.06 5.24 6.24 18.54 6.18
V3 - 512 6.39 6.95 7.03 20.37 6.79
\
Republic of the Philippines
PAMPANGA STATE AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
Magalang, Pampanga
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the thesis manuscript entitled “ ADAPTABILITY TEST OF
DIFFERENT RICE VARIETIES INFLUENCE BY DIFFERENT METHOD OF
PLANTING” prepared and submitted by JOHN ALDRINE P. SANTOS, has been duly
edited and scrutinized by the Technical Critic whose signature is affixed below.
English Critic
Date Signed
CURRICULUM VITAE
John Aldrine P. Santos
Sto. Nino, Magalang, Pampanga
Contact Number: +639972490429
Email Address: Johnaldrinesantos@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Nationality : Filipino
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Date of Birth : October 13, 2000
Place of Birth : Magalang, Pampanga
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary : Bachelor of Science in Agriculture Major in Crop Science.
Pampanga State Agricultural University.
Magalang, Pampanga.
2023 – Present
Secondary : Balitucan High School
Magalang, Pampanga
2013 - 2019
Primary : Sto. Nino Elementary School
Magalang, Pampanga
2006 - 2012

ALDRINE S.

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ADAPTABILITY TEST OF DIFFERENT RICE VARIETIES INFLUENCE

BY DIFFERENT METHOD OF PLANTING

JOHN ALDRINE P. SANTOS

populations. In Asia, rice is the largest source of employment in rural areas. It is

considered to be semi-aquatic (USDA, 2021–2022).

Rice production in the Philippines is an important aspect of the country's food

two decades, rice production has increased from 12 MT in 1999 to 19 MT in 2008

350,000 tones to 6.25 million tones in 2022 and 2023.

nourishment. Self-selection and endogeneity present a challenge when attempting to

selected varieties influenced by different methods of planting.

selected rice varieties influenced by different methods of planting.

Especially, this study aims to evaluate the following:

2. Plant height anthesis at maturity;

3. Number of productive tillers;

5. Number of grains per panicle;

6. Number of filled and unfilled grain;

7. Weight of 1000 seeds;

9. Root shoot ratio; and

10. Computed yield (tons/ha);.

Time and place of the Study

Scope and Delimitation of the study

the influence of different methods of planting.

Rice Production in the Philippines

The seasonally adjusted paddy production decreased by -0.7% quarter-on-quarter

metric tons, down from 4.91 million metric tons.

by PSB RC 28 (P18,049.50 per hectare) with a ROI of 0.76, PSB RC 82 (P14,292.00)

with a RO1 of 0.65, and NSIC RC 130 (P0.65).

the crop's high yield.

water stress at various growth stages is known to reduce rice yield.

farmer’s field under different management and planting dates.

an objective and realistic manner.

these two can also be selected for general cultivation purposes.

Agricultural University. In human provincial regional trials in 2005–2006, it yielded the

under the influence of different methods of planting.

NSIC RC 506, and NSIC RC 436 ( (PhilRice, 2020).

Characteristics NSIC RC 512 NSIC RC 436 NSIC RC 506

Average yield 5.6 t/ha 5.4 t/ha 5.9 t/ha

Maximum yieald 10.2 t/ha 10.3 t/ha 10.0 t/ha

Maturity 113 days 106 days 111 days

Reaction to pest Moderately resistant Moderately resistant Moderately

Grain Size Long Medium Long

Milling recovery 71.1% 72.6% 73.2

replications. The treatments are presented below:

Treatment (Direct Seeding)

Figure 1. Experimental Layout

Total land area - 270 m2

Area planted - 180 m2

Distance between plot - 1m

Number of rows per plot - 3

Number of hills per row - 3

finest tilts and level.

Seedbed preparation and sowing the seeds

The seedbed was measured, leveled, and immediately prepared thoroughly by

plowing and harrowing three times before sowing pre-germinated seeds.

a 60–70% germination rate.

Transplanting and replanting

after transplanting to replant the missing hills.

Insect pest management

regularly monitored. If necessary, appropriate pesticides were used.

plants for the following parameters:

90% of its maturity.

2. Plant height and anthesis at maturity (cm)

the anthesis using a meter stick at maturity.

3. Number of productive tillers