KANDARA SUB-COUNTY FORM 4 JOINT EVALUATION

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E)

Agriculture (443/1)
Paper 1
July/August 2016
MARKING SCHEME
1. Activities that make agriculture a science 7. Reasons why it is difficult to control sodom
- Crop pathology apple (solanum incanum) in pastures
- Entomology - It has a thorny stem
- Genetics - Produces many seeds
- Soil science - It is deep rooted
- Agricultural engineering - Regenerates/ re growth after cutting
4 x 1½ = 2 mks 4 x 1½ = 2 mks

2. Problems associated with use of farm yard
manure
- Bulkiness
- May introduce crop pests in the field
- May introduce weed seeds in the field
- May cause tainting of pastures
- May be a source of livestock parasites when
used in pastures
(½ x 3 = 1 ½ )
8. Factors causing fragmentation and sub-
division of land
- Shifting cultivation
- Traditional system e.g. inheritance
- Population pressure on a limited area of
land
- Accumulation of land holdings by money
lenders from debt defaulters
4 x 1½ = 2 mks

3. Types of labour records 9. Reasons for early seedbed preparation

- Muster roll - Facilitates timely subsequent operations
- Labour utilisation analysis - Allows soil aeration
(2 x ½ = 1 mk) - Allows water infiltration
- Allows time for weeds to die
4. Vegetative materials used in - Minimises competition for labour
i) Sisal - bulbils - Allows pests and diseases causing
ii) Bananas - suckers organisms to starve and die
iii) Pyrethrum - splits (½ x 3 = 1 ½ )
iv) Tea- stem cuttings
4 x 1½ = 2 mks 10. Reasons for tying a union during budding and
grafting using a transparent polythene strip
5. Reason why width of nursery bed is limited - To allow light penetration
to 1-1.5 m - To prevent entrance of rain water
- To carry out management practices easily - To hold root stock and scion together
(1 mk) (2 x ½ = 1 mk)
i) Effects of nematodes
- Inject toxic substances into the plant tissues 11. Pasture - this is a forage crop that is
which stimulate abnormal growth. defoliated by allowing the livestock to graze
- Some feed on plant roots causing root directly while fodder is a forage crop that is
stunting which limits water and mineral defoliated by either uprooting or cutting and
uptake by plants then taking to animals (mark as a whole)
- They cause wound tissues through which
secondary infection may take place. 12. Types of micro catchments
- They cause water stress that stop - Trapezoidal bunds
photosynthesis partially or completely. - Semicircular
(½ x 3 = 1 ½ ) - Contour stone
- Contour bench
- Mound catchment
- Run off strips 4 x 1½ = 2 mks

KANDARA - TERM 2 - 2016 1 (ET) FORM 4 - MS AGRICULTURE 1

13. Methods of harvesting agroforestry practices
- Lopping
- Coppicing
- Pollarding
(½ x 3 = 1 ½ )
14. Factors that contribute to the competitive
ability of weeds
- Ability to produce large quantities of seeds
- Weed seeds remain viable in the soil for
long awaiting conducive germination
conditions
- Weeds are easily dispersed
- Weeds have the ability to propagate
vegetatively.
- Some have a short life cycle
- Some weeds have elaborate root system
-Some weeds have the ability to survive
where nutrient supply is limited.
4 x 1½ = 2 mks
15. Factors that determine the stage of harvesting
a particular crop
- Concentration of required chemicals
- market demand of the particular crop.
- Prevailing weather conditions
- Incidence of pest and diseases attack
4 x 1½ = 2 mks
(OWTTE) (1 x 1 = 1 mk)
Phase III
Each additional unit of fertilizer input leads
to a decrease in total output of maize
(1 x 1 = 1 mk)
c) Helps the farmer to identify the level of
optimum fertilizer application in the
production of maize determine the highest
level of maize production . (1 x 1 = 1 mk)
20. Identity of the feature
a) Soil profile (1 x 1 = 1 mk)
b) A - Topsoil / Horizon A
c) B - Subsoil/ Horizon B
D- weathered rock/Horizon C/substratum
c) i) Helps to determine the type of crop(s) to
grow
ii) Determines nutrient availability
iii) Determines both aeration and drainage
Any one (1 x 1 = 1 mk)
21. a) Disease that attack part labelled D
- Maize smut/ maize head smut/smut
(1 x 1 = 1 mk)

16. Sources of underground water b) Seeds for planting should be obtained from
- Springs F (½ mk)
- Bore holes
- Wells c) Reasons for the answer in (b) above
- More mature
17. Effects of early defoliation in forage crops - Uniform in size
- Forage has very high moisture content any one (1 x 1 = 1 mk)
- Forage has high protein content
- Has low Dm content hence low Dm yield d) Function of H
- Has low crude protein yield - To support/ anchorage plants firmly in the
- Has high digestibility but low digestible soil
nutrients
4 x 1½ = 2 mks e) Plant population = Area of land
spacing ½
18. Factors considered when classifying crop ½ ½
pests = 400 x 300 = 100 = 33 1/3 plants
- Crop parts they attack 60 x 60 3
- Mode of feeding Ans= 33 plants
- Stage of crop growth when they attack
- Place of attack 22. i) Lowest acidity : D

SECTION B ii) How PH value of soil sample H can be

19. a) Law of diminishing returns (1 x 1 = 1 mk) lowered
- Application of sulphur
b) Phase II - Use of acidic fertilizer like sulphate of
- Each additional unit of fertilizer input leads ammonia
to a lower increase in total output of maize
than the previous unit of fertilizer input

KANDARA - TERM 2 - 2016 2 (ET) FORM 4 - MS AGRICULTURE 1

 iii) Soil PH suitable for coffee production
is 5-6 (1 mk)
iv) Effects of soil PH on crop production
- Availability of nutrients for plant use.
- Type of crop to be grown
- Determine the level of microbial activity
(Any 2) (1 x 2 = 2 mks)
SECTION C (40 MARKS)
23. Advantages of crop rotation
i) Maximum utilisation of nutrients
- Different crops vary in their nutrient
requirement in terms of type of nutrient and
depth of absorption.
- Alternation of crops ensure that nutrients
from different layers are well utilised
ii) Control of soil borne pests and diseases
crop rotation breaks the lifecycle of pests
and diseases especially those with specific
hosts
iii) Control soil erosion
This is done by growing crops with good
ground cover
iv) Control of weeds
- Some weeds are associated with specific
crops e.g. striga spp. hence can be
controlled by planting a non-grass crop
v) Improves soil fertility
- Done by introduction of leguminous crops
this helps fix nitrogen in the soil
vi) Improvement of soil structure
- Done by establishment of a grass ley at the
end of a rotation programme
any four 4 x 2 = 8 mks
stating (1 mk)
explanation (1 mk)
b) Factors which influence spacing
i) Purpose for which the crop is planted
- Crops grown for fodder are closely spaced
than those whose products are intended to be
sold in the market
ii) Fertility of the soil
- Close spacing is good for fertile soils
iii) Pest and disease incidence
- Wide spacing helps to control pests like
aphids and groundnuts rossette virus
disease
iv) Mechanization
Mechanized farm require wider spacing to
allow movement of machines
v) Seedrate / number of seeds per hole
- Many seeds per hole require wider spacing
vi) Method of planting
- Row planting gives a wider spacing than
broadcasting
KANDARA - TERM 2 - 2016
vii) Growth habit of a crop
- Crops that spread require wider spacing
than those that do not spread.
viii) Moisture content
- In areas with adequate moisture, spacing
can be narrow
stating = 1 mk
explaining - 1 mk
any four 4 x 2 = 8 mks
Measures taken to minimise water pollution
in the farm
- Avoid cultivating along riverbanks to
prevent soil erosion
- Avoid bathing and washing clothes in water
bodies
- Controlling soil erosion through terracing,
afforestation and other conservation
methods
- Safe disposal of chemical containers in the
farm by burying them deep in the soil away
from the water sources
- Avoid application of heart fertilizer doses
that remain unused by plants
- Avoid watering animals directly from water
sources
- Fencing off water sources to keep off
pollutants
any four (4 x 1 - 4 mks)
24. a) Production of bulb onions under
i) Field management practices
- Apply lime where the soil is acidic
- Apply CAN a month after transplanting
- Ensure that the field is weed-free
throughout the growing period.
- Observe shallow weeding as deep weeding
would affect the bulb
- In early stages, ensure a continuous supply
of water through irrigation
- Control pests like onion thrips using
suitable insecticide
- Control diseases like purple blotch by
spraying with a suitable fungicide
- Remove the soil so that the bulb is exposed
once it starts forming (carry out hardening)
(any 4 x 1 = 4 mks)
ii) Harvesting
- Harvesting starts 4-5 months after
transplanting
- Break the tops when the leaves start drying
- Dig out the bulbs/ lift the bulbs
- Dry the bulbs by leaving them under a
shade that allows free circulation of air
(any 3 x 1 = 3 mks)
3 (ET) FORM 4 - MS AGRICULTURE 1
 b) Production of dry beans under the c) Roles of agricultural based women groups
following subheadings in farming
i) selection and preparation of planting - Acting as an agent of change in the
materials community
- Select varieties suited to the ecological - Loaning members to finance their farming
conditions activities
- Select dry and mature seed. - Assists in marketing of agricultural
- Select sound seeds that are free from produce
physical damage and wrinkles - Buying farm inputs in bulk and selling to
- Dress the seeds with appropriate chemicals members at low prices.
to control soil borne pests and diseases - Assisting members collectively in their
- Obtain seeds from a reputable /certified farming operations.
seeds - Acting as guarantors to members loans
- Seeds should be inoculated with right strain - Gathering information on targeted projects
or bacteria if necessary - Establishing income generating projects
(any 3 x 1 = 3 mks) - Enlightening members on modern farming
methods
ii) Planting and weeding
- Plant at the beginning of rains
- Make shallow furrows/ holes at a depth 3.5 25. ii) Price at which 110 kg of orange were
cm using appropriate tool supplied
- Apply phosphatic fertilisers Kshs. 12.40 + 10 cts (12.30 - 12.50)
- Place 2.4 seeds per hole and cover it up Ans. 1 x 1 = 1 mk
with the soil
- Spacing is 30- 50 cm by 10-15 cm iii) How many kilograms of oranges were
depending on the variety bought at Kshs. 12:00
- Shallow weeding is done to avoid root 130 kg + 1 (129 - 131 kg)
damage (1 x 1 = 1 mk)
- Weeding should be avoided during
flowering to prevent knocking off the iv) What was the equilibrium price for
flowers tomatoes on the market?
- Weeding should be done when the field is Kshs. 12.80 + 10 cts (12.70 - 12.90)
dry to avoid spread of diseases when (1 x 1 = 1 mk)
conditions are wet
- Keep the field weed free during early stages b) Purchase order from Kamau’s farm to
of growth Thika agrovet
- Apply fertilizer at the rate of 300 kg/ha of
ssp or 150kg/ha of Dsp or 200kg/ha of DAP
(any 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
Kamau’s Farm Purchase Order
P.O. Box 739 No. 5691
Thika Date: 5/01/2015
To: Thika Agrovet
P.O. Box 40
Thika
Please supply us with the following
Item No Particulars Quantity
1 70 kg chickmash bags 15
2 50 kg maize germ bags 20
3 50 kg DAP fertilizer bags 17
4 3 kg wheat seed bags 40
Ordered by ................................... Signature ............................
Authorized by .............................. Signature .............................

KANDARA - TERM 2 - 2016 4 (ET) FORM 4 - MS AGRICULTURE 1

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KANDARA - TERM 2 - 2016 5 (ET) FORM 4 - MS AGRICULTURE 1

b) Chick mash = 150 x 1200 = 18000
Maize germ = 20 x 800 = 16000
Fertilizer = 17 x 1400 = 23,800
Wheat seeds = 40 x 300 = 12000
Total cost 69,800

KANDARA - TERM 2 - 2016 6 (ET) FORM 4 - MS AGRICULTURE 1