KAKAMEGA SOUTH SUB-COUNTY JOINT EVALUATION -2016

443/1
AGRICULTURE
PAPER 1
JULY/AUGUST -2016

MARKING SCHEME

1.
• Supplies raw materials to industries
• Acts as consumers of markets for industrial goods
• It provides capital to set up industries (2x1/2 )=1mk)
2.
• Reduced use of fertilizers /cheap facilities accumulation of plant nutrients
• Controls certain pests /diseases
• Improves soil structure /organic matter content checks soil erosion(2x1/2 =1mk)
3.
• Physical mechanical weathering
• Biological
• Chemical (2x1/2 =1mk)
4.
• Economic /efficient use of water /requires a little amount of water
• Discourages the spread of diseases
• Less growth of weeds between rows
• Water under low pressure may be used
• Does not cause soil erosion (3x1/2 =1 ½ mks)
5.
• Conserve moisture
• Improve soil structure
• Control soil erosion
• Contributes plant nutrients /organic matter /some fix nitrogen (3x1/2 =1 1/2mks)
6.
• Soil testing
• Observing mineral deficiency symptoms
• Leaf analysis (2x1/2 =1mk)
7.
• Lodging /excessive succulence/weakening of stems
• Scorching of leaves
• Delayed maturity
• Excessive foliage growth /tillering
• Encourages /causes blossom end rot (4x1/2 =2mks)
8.
• Concentration of pesticides
• Timing of application in relation to life cycle of pest/stage of growth of weeds

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 • Weather conditions during applications
• Persistence of a pesticides
• Rate of application of a pesticides (3x1/2=1 ½ mks)
9. (a)Refers to a situation in which a farmer owns several pieces of land located in different
areas (1x1=1mk)
(b)
• Inheritance where an individual inherits land from different ancestors
• Buying of pieces of land elsewhere due to population pressure
• Compensation –when the government takes part of one’s land for public use
(2x1/2 =1mk)
10.
• Grass-legumes pasture has higher nutritive value
• The yield of forage per lemit area is higher
• Higher soil fertility due to nitrogen fixation
• The grass legume mixture is more platable
• Prevents total loss from pests and diseases
• Economy in the use of nitrogenous fert. (2x1/2 =1mk)
11.
• Balance sheet
• Profit and loss account
• Cash analysis (2x1/2 =1mk)
12.
• Extension services /Research services
• Training services
• Veterinary services
• Artificial insemination services
• Credit services
• Marketing services
• Tractor Hire services
• Banking services
• Insurance services (4x1/2 1mks)
13.
• Additional of organic manure
• Application of fertilizers /soil amendments
• Irrigation
• Drainage
• Control of weeds /pests and diseases
• Carrying out soil and water conservation (3x1/2 =1 ½ mks)
14.
• Reduced /remove shade
• Thinning to reduce overcrowding
• Reducing amount and frequency of watering
• Spraying with copper fungicides /appropriate fungicides (2x1/2 =1mk)
15.
• Marketing of coffee (payment storage selling transportation market
research,advertisement,pricing
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 • Offering advisory services to the coffee industry /ministry of Agriculture
• Financial coffee research
• Licensing coffee farmers ,millers ,dealers and pulpers (3x1/2 =1 ½ mks)
16.
• Soil structure –is the physical arrangement of soil particles and how they adhere to
each other to form an aggregate where as soil texture is the relative proportion of
various size of mineral particles in the soil (1x1 =1mk)
17. Four harmful effects of string wind
• Results in soil erosion /loss of plant nutrients
• Results in lodging of crops shedding of flowers
• High evaporation transpiration rates causing wilting
• Spreading of diseases /weed seeds /pests (4x1/2 =2mks)
18.
• Suck plant sap causing wilting /stunted growth
• Some inject toxic saliva /secretions which cause death
• Lowers quality of crop products
• Transmits //introduces diseases agents
• Inflicts wound/opening which pave way for infections
• Lower crop yields (4x1/2 =2mks)
19. Four pieces of information couted on land tittle deed
• Name of the owner
• Size of land
• Land parcel number
• Type of ownership
• Date of registration
• Identity card no. (4x1/2 =2mks)
20.
• Number of seller
• Price of the commodity
• Availability /seasonality of the commodity /weather
• Technique of production
• Market information
• Transportation
• Price expectations of the commodity (4x1/2 =2mks)

SECTION B (20 MARKS)

21. (a)Soil profile (1x1=1mk)
(b) A-Top soil /Horizon A/zone A
B-Subsoil /Horizon B/ZONE B
C-Substratum/weathered rocks /Horizon C/Zone C (3X1/2 =1 1/2mks)
(c) Benefits to a farmer
• Helps the farmer to choose appropriate crop to grow
• Help to determine depth of ploughing
• Helps the farmer to determine the kind of foundation for farm structure(2x1=2mks)

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 22. (a) Tissue culture (1mk)
(b) Two advantages associated with the method
• Mass production of pro pagules
• Used to produce clean and pathogen free plants
• It is fast and require less space (2x1=1mks)

(c )Rhodes grass plot –p4

• Irish potatoes plot –p3

• Pens plot –p2
• Maize plot –p1 (4x1/2 =2mk)
23. (i) Width =3.6m
=3.6mx 100cm=360cm
360cm-60cm=300cm
 width   300 
Number of rows =   + 1 =   + 1 = 6rows
 spacing   600 

 Area 
(ii) Plant population =  
 Spacing 

Area =(6.6x3.6 )cm (30cm was left along edges)

=660-60)x(360-60)cm

 600 
Length side =  + 1 = 11 plants
 60 

 300 
Width =  + 1 = 6 plants
 60 

Total seedlings = 11x6 =66 seedlings (1mk)

24. (a) (i) Purchase order from Tamu farm to K.F.A

TAMU Farm Adress

_____________(1/2 mk)
______________

LOCAL PURCHASE ORDER

Date 15-1-2001
No._____(1/2 mk)

To:K.F.A Adress

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________(1/2mk

_______

Please supply the following items:

Items No.(1/2 Particular/goods/Descriptions(1/2 Units(1/2 Quantity(1/2

1 Dairy meat 70kg bag 20
2 Bran 70kg bag 16
3 D.S P(Fertizer) ½ 50kg bag ½ 18 ½
4 Seed maize 2kg bag 45
5 Shearing knife Medium sixe 8
Order by (1/2 )_______________________________signature

Authorized by (1/2 mk)_____________________signature

Farm manager

(12x1/2 =6mks)

25. (a) A-Trench (1/2 mk)

B-Ridges /bund/embarkment (1/2 mk)
(b)Procedre of constructing the cut off drain
-measures and mark the layout
Dig and remove soil from channels and heap it on the lower side of drain (2x1/2 =1mk)

(c) Factors that influence the size of a cut off drain

• Expected volume of run –off

• Soil type (Bedrock)
• Degree of slope (gradient of slope) (2X1/2 =1mk)
26. (a) Varieties
Rose coco (GLP2)Mwezi moja (G.L.P 1004)Canadian wander (G.L.P 24), k74,Wairimu
/Red haricot, Mexican 142 Mwitemania .(2x1=2mks)
Selection and preparation of planting materials
(i) Select varieties suited to the local ecological conditions
(ii) Select dry and mature seeds
(iii) Select sound seeds that are free from physical damage and wriggles
(iv) Dress seeds with a appropriate chemicals to control soil borne pests and diseases
/seeds should be dressed against soil borne pests
(v) Obtains seeds from a reputable source/certified seeds
(vi) Seeds should be inoculated with the right strain of bacteria if necessary

(c ) planting and weeding

• Plant at the beginning of rains /Timely planting

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 • Make shallow furrows /holes at depth of 3-5 cm using appropriate tool
• Apply phosphatic fertilizers /DAP,DSP,SSP,MAP/Manure during planting
• Plant 2-4 seeds per hole and cover it up with the soil /seed rate of 50 -60 kg /ha
• Spacing is 30cm -50cm by 10-15 cm depending on the variety
• Shallow weeding is done to avoid root damage
• Weeding should be done when the field is dry to avoid spread of diseases when
conditions are wet.
• Keep field weed free during early stages of growth
• At a rate of 300 kg SSP /ha or 150 kg DSP/ha or 200kg /ha D.AP
Harvesting
• Uproot the whole plant /pluck ripe pods
• Harvest when plants are dry /turn yellow
• Harvest when there is dry spell to avoid rotting of germination of seeds
• Harvest in the morning to avoid pods shattering

(b) Management of trees

•Regular watering of young seedlings

•Control of weeds
•Thinning of young trees and falling of older trees to allow adequate space for
growth.
• Pruning of dead wood and branches obstructing a access areas /adequate space for
growth /capping
• Coppicing /Toping /Pollarding to encourage production of many shoots
• Control of pests
• Control of diseases protection against forest fires by digging trenches clearing land
around the farm
• Construction of structures to protect trees from damage by animals
• Construction of water micro-catchment structure around the trees
• Provision of shades /mulch after transplanting
• Grafting /Budding
• Application of manures /fertilizers
27. Importance of budgeting
(a)
• The farmer can be able to predict the profitable of an enterprise it enables the
farmer to detect problems easily so that correction is done in good time before
losses are incurred
• Assists the farmer in making effective changes in the organization
• Ensures periodic analysis of the farm business
• Helps in estimating the required production resources such as labour and capital
• Helps in deciding the viability of an enterprise
• Assist the farmer when negotiating for agricultural credit
• Encourage the farmer to be efficient with the aim of meeting the projected
targets
• Helps in controlling various aspects of production in the farm
• Acts as a record which can be used for future reference

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 (b) Role of agricultural co-operative in Kenya
• Co-operative pulls their resources together to buy expensive machinery e.g tractor
for use by members.
• Provide education /technical information members
• Provide loans to members in form of inputs and cash
• Negotiate for higher prices for members
• Reduces overhead costs e.g transportation, storage and use of machinery
• Bargain with suppliers to give discount on seed, fertilizers and other farm
inputs provide inputs at lower prices
• Provides employments for their members and other people
• Benefits members from lower taxes charges
• Provide strong bargaining power for members on policy issues
• Market farmers produce
• Invest and pay out returns to members in the farm of dividends
• Help to negotiate for loans for the members without security
• Some providing banking services to members
28. (a) methods used in harvesting water on the farm
• Roof catchment –water from the roofs are collected using gutters and stored in tanks
• Rocks catchments-water flowing from a rock are collected at the base by construction
a wall or using gutters
• Dams –walls constructed across a water way blocks water to fall for a reservoir
• Ponds –small water reservoir depressions on the surface where runoff water is
collected
• Retention ditches-are ditches /channels dug along the contours to collect water
flowing down a slope. They allow water to infiltrate into the soil

(b)use of water on the farm

• For diluting /mixing chemicals used to control pests ,diseases and weeds
• For watering livestock e.g drinking
• For watering plants e.g irrigation
• Used in the processing of farm produce e.g coffee, carrots hides skins etc
• For washing utensils ,equipments ,cleaning calf pens ,milking sheds
• For domestic use e.g drinking, cooking, sewage disposal.
• For rearing fish
• For mixing concrete in the construction
• For recreation e.g swimming pool
• Cooling and running machine engines cooling animals

(c ) Soil losses fertility through

• Leaching –soluble minerals are carried deep into the soil beyond the reach of nutrients
• Soil erosion –The top fertile soil is carried away by the agents of erosion
• Change of PH-alteration of soil will affect availability of certain nutrients to plants

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 • Burning of land –leads to volatilization of nutrients like nitrogen and destroys organic
matter and micro-organics
• Accumulation of salts –changes the soil PH and soil soline for plant growth
• Fixation of nutrients/N-lock-up –Nitrogen become unavailable to crops
• Uptake by plants /by weeds-Nutrients used by plants are carried away through harvesting
• Monocropping/presence of pastors diseases makes soil unsuitable for growth of crops
• Soil capping /developments of hard pans

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