o What-1's Therenody namic. System 2. Explain att System ans hae -—A_Thermadynamic System Lefer 7 __4o0 that Part of the Oniverse in Qhich i fre Ape rn Made ard ocmman, Oniver se Consatwes the surreundi ae Types of “ sypiew @_open system there is exchange of PEL and mater ocmass beboecn system and surround. Hees taailing, water Without aiid; heat escaping toro _+he air IL 3 © closed supter®- There is no orchange of matter but t frchanye ck enercy is pexible bebween Sypiemn and the Surreund ings by er ergure cooker the ye in the Caylind er © Yolased Sgtem:- [nan isolated sysem . here is no | exchange o£ energy OC matter between the sysem andthe Sucroundings Ex. Thenmoflas« @ poe Zereth law oe Ther Medynamic s and also erike norer on reversible & ictsrenesipie process. Zerath law of Thermadynamicé : Te to +thermedyramic System ace each 10 thermal Squib fium With a third one , then they are in thermayg equi um corrh_each other -ceveroible pecceast ch fo\lod +he same. = Cerucn dire chon withouk leaving ang Skt a Reversible procedsess~ procases Whi Prom rounding, ..————_——— tro SYSteD- oc Sut can} : ‘on — ex: ae and Slow ex pansion of pre n oG-o —Elufd « —____— see = fe # Lre-reversible. patents). “haus _pracones .ohich are a _____reversiple are Catted ieccewersilple.-pracasee. — _€xi+ Qeckric current Flow throug ha Conductor wlth — —_@ Derive The expremian foc wort done of alt ae Thecmodynams'c process 2 —Thermodynaml« proces. When the. system ze a ia change. fram. one “Thermodynamic " take du@ Chang® in properties ne. +o. final like temperature, pressure, Volume, etc. The system i's Said 10 have Ondergone._Thermadynamia process. @_Tsomermal proces =A _process_in _Whi'dh the Temps Of the. system remains Constant: AT=0 Suppose. 4 mote OF gas is enclased in isathermat Comkainer, Lek oMyT be inittar pressure, volumes and tem perature . Lek @xPand +o Volume Va and pressure. reduces bo 02 © temperature romain Constant: _ Then worm done. is given by w= saw we See dw ties nessa os PV = RT" Ons mote) p= St athe elation: ePy*=k _ yo i¢g_inde: “ks Constant | P= pressure “v= volume oO, pak vot = 7 work done Wwe fed or ws fe vdy 7 Or, ar —Ke aon) va t= Iy, Pk [les at : }_ we \ Dew a7 = Pv," | © Baris proce! Ie is_a_ a Tharmadynamic_pcatess Ss Yn_which the volume._remain Constant. _ _ wor, dore is alWays zero tn isochoric process. «= AV=0©. Lsobaric proces'- “Te 1s a 4yee— of Thermos, name —_f process the System Stays Constant AP=0 Wark done by she gas Ie —— Wo= PO ven = ROT) | in. which the pressuce of ——— ©. relia. process: > In a cyclic proces. the system _ferucas | Ho 46 init’ad erate. Since internal energy is -Q Gat @ variable AVe o. for a cycle. Procese the sotat heat absorbed equats the Work dene — by Ae syseern ° vy ev uve fer isotpermal and od/abake process © an ideal gar Jy Finatotat & pemrivial state Vv : ey pry Curve For fsochotic, proces, euurve fer Mie cbace a Procexs Nv Py diogram — for cycl'e proves —Q de Explain. The Frast law of Thermadyram'c$ God — —uoiite down: ibs consequences. 9 —__ - as > Fitsl law of Thermodynamics: - Ue stale. toad“ The energy — ———— oC an isolated “system 16 constant" - AQ = Heat supplied to the Sytem by the _ Surroundings AW = ware dene by the. system onthe, sutourdings— Quz change in inlecnal _enecgy oF the syste — The ener principre oF ConserVation of energy — then impiies that 454 4 A The _ energy CAR) es to the _sysem po in partly to ncre ae the a ae the cystem CAO) = ____drd _rest_in werk oa he environ ment (Aw) ___ Con Sequences OF 4% law oF Thermodynamics © Heat transfer bere Opse= Sevens 70 is 4 path Funactan+ — Jeo=r2—-p> t => cycle “4 APU 2 c= td cycle= ee tek Qa heal transtewr By sq rot Oe spny = Why sas2-+ Wesboy Boris Gye coar > M.2 422+ Wescay Garbo! ~ Grscei = Waster — Waseot — [Berber 7 Ges} ent e a __wence proved Heat Path fancklon ® _Worts traneFer @ wort © rent transfer @— were @ heat trans e¢ © wot Peat trarsler are € @ worm © Veat trans a 2b) F Wesco keansfer ic Dern Wesco] Vs a Path funckion - are NO tore Functon - ace Mot ProPerties all negies tn dynamic _ &r_are boundary “Poenemenam,_o@l perpelual matian machin € al +he— q ‘nite: Lt vo a machine “that tan do woric indefinitely Mw\thoute am eneray— tn pute = _ Since iL violates 4ne. Eicwte law 0 “Whermedy na =e, The energy delivered by Water Casting——— meute_turseds she _Smacgy_seqeicenl io —elern—— Wale back bo ceseryal ie eat th Cfotheustion — ee laa expanses Compresion| roeeren ‘ Cwcretn) wor | 5 wearour = + | Cexheust) t = | | : — enatoPy ____aepiication * —————————— Sot > Second lar of Thermodynamict- lr _is a Statem eple ___ a abow- Which «processes accuc_and wach donot. There Ore _many Ways. to stare. the berond lao: “here is One * Heat Can Flow “spovtaneousiy fom gq hot obiect to a Cotd objects. ie tof wot fio _spontaneousiy from a coid — _ Object 40 a hot Objed. _the Kelvin Plank giokemeng je ‘it Te imposible for ; pany device thot operates in a Cycle ko receive, beat froma Single reservoir and produce aq net amount of work". | ctousiug statement fs imposible to conduct a, evice thal opeakes in a cycte pe epeeth Other then. Sed_producesicabiorXs of Second law of exmody namics broke —@_Heat_ergine?- Te is a device or a System Operates in Cycte and converts heak or thermal. energy to mechanical energy Wh'ch Can then be. sed to do ——temaining Heal inte tee . by bringing, a working, Sral-e. temperature ta a age ee y= I= Q; = arg ge y= =e = - mechanical, Worle and rejects Surrounding . “Te does Hers SUbsrance fram q bighet lower tate bem perature: __@ eefeigerotars— isa devia net gurrounding eo high Tempe. oa fay , | = Ty. ‘sysrem a —— Vower Temp. Wrich Maiptane lower temper ads compare An surrounding ~ Tn order to nai prance, lower seme-—_Countiniously rerrigero® or be _tantain on a cycle. Wo + Q@p-Q, Be Qy-Qe on aA = _ engine ou? ud - engine “trpu— | . Qe (Copie = (Cropre AR (c.0-p) es =“ — ——watid. fr any cycle= @ neat: Pump! + Heat: Pumps a fae Web ich __ 7 Mat ntance hr'gh ema compare. te suttauntin. | Le Syotem Ty (Cror Ome = Wy — — . cr bo WO Oy = @Qy —+ 7 ee | . ee ee _|! - &2 — surrounding, 2 ey soe nome | eae | CI __ _ lower Temes | R.G+_ What is entropy? and prove “that entropy i6 q —peeperiy but entropy geperube is _nal_o_property. 9 . oe Entropy |= Entropy... the measuce of a systems Vherenat enerey per uoi't= temperature, hala ig 0 aviabt Gec_dolng use Ful warr ———_ Entropy te _atso __a_measture of the, molecular —_diisod <4, __ac_fandomne of gq System. Tn ecder to prove Hat epkraey ag a Prop ety We MA‘ LL Suppose 42Da cycle. 1-A= 2-0-4 and t-A=2-C24 3s shown to Arq. Entropy aa _a__propaty. __for o reversible cycle 4-A-9-e-14 Sie $ O/T + Seo SAA 20 ~ for a feversible cycle 4-A-2-0-¢) i - Syne SY T+ So, SRT [27 ere Seen $8 . rene (app are a_definite Quant ty independent — oC Ane path followed Fer the Change. ard depend Only upon the —initiat_and the Final State © “he _suysiemenence enropy isa property. - WE nad thot: the. entropy generation. is ausays q positive quantity OF zero: fec_teversible pracem.— aa $6, 44s value depends on te prcess. thus Me —t.e nok GQ property of a_system —