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Ramnarain Ruia
Autonomous College.
(2023-2024)

Title: NAXALISM
(Maoist Insurgency)

Subject: Political Science

Names: Mansi Gurav (1331)

Khushi Satnak (1397)

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INDEX:
INTRODUCTION/ABSTRACT ( by Khushi
satnak) (1397)

● Naxalism
● Indian Maoism
● Fundamentals
● Maoism developed by Mao Tse Tsung
● Central theme of Maoist ideology

CONTENT ( by Khushi satnak) (1397)

● Origin (How it started? )
● Charu Majumdar
● Mao Zedong (Chinese Revolutionary)
● Aim of naxalites
● Roots of naxalite movement
● Three facets of Maoism
● Marxism- Leninism
● Red Corridor
DATA ANALYSIS
(by Mansi Gurav 1331)
● Government response on insurgency .
•coin strategy

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● Timeline of Naxalite-Maiost insurgency

● Decline Trend of insurgency
● Maps
● Goverment perspective
● Criticism ( by Mansi Gurav 1331 & Khushi
satnak -1397)
● Conclusion ( by Khushi satnak -1397 & Mansi
Gurav -1331)
● Bibliography

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INTRODUCTION:

NAXALISM:
Naxalism is an extremist ideology which does not have faith in the ideology of
democracy and political process. Democracy has been hailed as the true and authentic
voice of people, working for both tangible and intangible interest. If the emphasis of this
exploration is on the naxalite phenomenon it is not because of other modes and forms
of agitation are less important but only because the method of struggle chosen by
Naxalites has brought the problem to head.

In the view of Naxals, the crux of Naxalism stands and is based on violence, which is
generally imposed by the ruling class. The Naxalite movement came into being as a
result of prevailing social and economic issues. In fact, while conducting an enquiry into
the uprising, the West Bengal Secretariat of the CPI(M) stated that behind the peasants
unrest in naxalbari lies a deep social malady - malafide transfers, evictions and other
anti- people actions of tea gardeners and jotedars. These issues were longstanding and
there was no dearth of reform legislation.

Naxalism is the greatest threat to India's internal security and progress, in the opinion
of Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh. The United Front government in West Bengal,
confronted by the Naxal violence, was in a dilemma about the nature and scope of its
response. It is recognized as the crucial need to address the problem of monstrous
iniquity.

The Naxal Movement will enable to understand that the marginalised take up arms only
to break down the insensitive establishment, which has failed to deliver an egalitarian
society.
The Naxalite leaders may talk about the deliverance of the proletariat from the neo
liberalism bourgeoisie and the dawn of New Democracy but such phrases mean little to
the tribals and landless labourers who find themselves at the receiving end of state
sponsored ND and non state sponsored exploitation.

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Naxalite Movement or Naxalism is an informal name given to communist groups that

were born out of the Sino Soviet split in the communist movement in India.
Ideologically they belong to various trends of maoism.

Term Naxalism derives its name from the village Naxalbari of West Bengal. It
originated as rebellion against local landlords who based a peasant over a land dispute.
The rebellion was initiated in 1967 with an objective of rightful redistribution of the
land to working peasants under the leadership of Kanu Sanyal and Jagan Santhal. It
started in West Bengal, the movement has spread across eastern India in less developed
areas of states such as Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. It is considered that
Naxals support Maoist political sentiments and ideology.

Maoism is a form of communism developed by Mao Tse Tsung. It is a doctrine to

capture the state power through a combination of armed Insurgency, mass mobilisation
and strategic alliances.

The central theme of Maoist ideology in India is the use of violence and armed
insurrection as means to state power. Bearing of arms is non negotiable as per the
Moaist Insurgency doctrine.The maoist ideology glorifies violence and People's
Liberation Guerrilla Army (PLGA) cares are trained especially in the worst forms of
violence to evoke terror among the population under their domination. However, they
also use the subterfuge of mobilising people over issues purported inadequacies of the
existing system, so that they can be indoctrinated to take recourse to violence as the only
means of redress.

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ORIGIN
The term Naxal derives its names from the village Naxalbari of district Darjeeling in
West Bengal where the movement originated in 1967 under the leadership of Charu
Majumdar and Kanu Sanyal. It refers to the use of violence to destabilize the state
through various communist Guerrilla Groups.
Naxalites are far left radical communists who derive their political ideology from the
teachings of Mao Zedong, a Chinese revolutionary leader.

Mao Zedong ( Chinese Revolutionary)

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They have been operating in various parts of the country since the early seventies. At
various points of time, different areas of the country have been seriously affected due to
overt violence resorted by the Naxalite groups active in those areas. History has been
witness to repeated occurrences of violence against the elite mostly by the peasant class
motivated by the leftist ideologies. The ideological basis for these violent movements was
provided by the writings of Marx and Engels. This ideology is commonly called
Marxism. This was later supported by Lenin and Mao Zedong . Leftist ideologies
believe that all existing social relations and state structures in an elitist society are
exploitative by nature and only a revolutionary change through violent means can end
this exploitation.

Maoism fundamentally considers the industrial rural divide as a major division

exploited by capitalism. Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun is the key
slogan of the maoists.They mobilise large parts of the rural population to revolt against
established institutions by engaging in guerilla warfare. Maoism is no longer an
ideological movement. Maoists are now creating a fear psychosis and denying
democracy and development to tribals.

Unlike the political mass movements with violent underpinnings in the border areas ,
the naxalites do not seek to secede from the Indian Union to establish a sovereign
independent state of their own but their aim is to capture political power through
armed struggle to the so-called People's Government.

The aim of the naxalites is to destroy the legitimacy of the state and to create a mass
base with a certain degree of acceptability. The ultimate objective is to attain political
power by violent means and establishment they envisage as the India People's
Democratic Federal Republic. The naxals predominantly attack the police and their
establishments.They also attack certain types of infrastructure like rail and road
transport and power transmission and also forcibly oppose execution of development
works like critical road construction. Naxalite activity is also manifesting itself through
various civil society and front organisations on issues such as SEZ (Special Economic
Zone) policy, land reforms, land acquisition, displacement, etc with the objective of
expanding their mass base and acquiring support of some intellectual elite.

While impeding development works and challenging state authority, the naxalites
simultaneously try to derive benefit from the over all underdevelopment and sub
normal functioning of field institutions like police stations, tehsile, development blocks,
Schools,
primary health centre, and anganwadi centers which minister and provide services at
the ground level and also reflect the state presence and writ.

ROOTS OF NAXALITE MOVEMENTS.

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LAND RELATED FACTORS: The forest conservation act of 1980 forbids tribals who
depend on forest goods for their livelihood from even harvesting a bark.

JAL JANGAL JAMEEN: Encroachment and occupation of government and

community lands, non regularisation of traditions and rights, evading ceiling laws,
Acquisition of land without appropriate compensation and rehabilitation, etc.

POLITICAL FACTORS: Nature and apathy of the political system towards tribals
remained one of the most important factors that led to such uprisings.
Inability if political authority towards the deprived sections of society in India to
provide avenues for structural uplift in the affected areas.

ECONOMIC FACTORS: A few problems include communication, access to energy,

poverty, a lack of access to Healthcare, a lack of awareness and education and
unemployment.

INCOME GAP: The gap in wealth between wealthy and poor is growing , the poverty
levels in the naxalism affected states of Orissa, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand are
much higher with more than 40 percent of people living below the poverty line.

ISSUES OF AGRARIAN COMMUNITY: The maoists have included in their program

signing off the peasants debate, besides restoration of farm subsidies, investment in
irrigation, proper prices of farm produce and restricting multinational companies.

THREE FACETS OF MAOISTS:

Three magic weapons to achieve new Democratic Revolution, according to Mao:
PARTY - A strong structured underground organisation with politburo, central
committee, regional bureaus, state committees, etc

MILITARY ( ARMY) - PGA / PLGA executive arm with CMC at the apex.

UNITED FRONT - Conglomeration of various front organisations.

MARXISM LENINISM.
Marxism Leninism was practised by the Soviet Union (USSR) after the bolshevik
revolution . It is also practised by the Stalinists in the USSR. The purpose of Marxism -
Leninism is to turn a capitalist state into a socialist state. This is done by a revolution
by the proletariat to overthrow the old government.

RED CORRIDOR

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Red Corridor also known as red zone located in the Eastern, Central and Southern
parts of Indian, is a region affected by the Naxalite - Maoist Insurgency. This zone has
an enormous internal security concern as the environment is derived from natural law
and human rights.
Around 11 states with major concentration in Odisha, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and
Jharkhand are regarded as the Red Corridor. The zone is underdeveloped and people
living in this area are economically downtrodden without event the bare necessities of
life. This area is among the poorest in the nation, with shocking levels of poverty and
inequality.

The Red Corridor is unquestionably an internal security danger. Although the

movement professes to advocate People's rights, it is the people in the area who are
highly affected. The government is striving to use the resources available in the region
to meet the demand of the people living in the area.

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DATA ANALYSIS
•THE GOVERNMENT RESPONSE ON INSURGENCY

State responses to the Maoist insurgency have evolved over the years, influenced by the
intensity of the threat and political decisions at the state and centre.
Since the law and order come under the state list, the critical counterinsurgency
initiatives come under the jurisdiction of the State government
The Centre is involved in supporting these efforts through joint strategies, providing
resources, intelligence, and coordination when necessary.

•Following are the steps taken by government for the naxal affected areas :-

1.In 2010 'The operation green hunt' was started and massive deployment of security
forces was done in the naxal-affected areas.
From 223 districts that were affected due to naxalism in the year 2010, the number has
come down to 90 in nine years.

2.The government even started ‘Relief and Rehabilitation Policy’ for bringing naxalites
into the mainstream .

3.Aspirational Districts Programme: Launched in 2018, it aims to rapidly transform the

districts that have shown relatively lesser progress in key social areas.

4.The government had also launched a new scheme, Civic Action Program (CAP),
providing financial grants to the CAPFs so that they can undertake welfare activities in
the Naxal-affected areas.

5..The Centre, under the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), has
upgraded schools and girls’ hostels have been sanctioned in 35 most affected LWE
districts.

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COIN STRATEGY

The key to counter-insurgency (COIN) is understanding the adversary’s mindset. The

Union Home Ministry manages India’s counter-insurgency programme (CI) to tackle
the various internal security threats posed by several insurgencies throughout the
country. The CI programme’s primary objective was to contain the spread of militancy
in Punjab, Kashmir, and northeastern areas of India. Combatting the Maoist
insurgency is also one of its principal objectives.
As the Centre had laid the foundation for India’s Counter-Insurgency (COIN) strategy
and the current government has accelerated the pace and effectiveness of the COIN
strategy.
A coin involves a population centric approach to win popular support the locals in the
maoist infested areas.
These strategies have integrated the population-centric and enemy-centric approaches,
combining law and order mechanisms and development instruments. Centre has largely
led the COIN efforts from behind by providing resources like security and financial
support, paramilitary, intelligence, and strategic direction.
Overall, the COIN involves a mixture of population-centric and enemy-centric
approach to deal with insurgents in India with the aim to complement state initiatives.
As a result of government responses on insurgency shows continuous efforts of the
government & have reduce the frequency of violent attacks in the naxalism-affected
regions.

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● TIMELINE OF NAXALITE -MAIOST

INSURGENCY
In 1967
As as a naxalbari movement was a peasant uprising in 1967 in the naxalbari region of
the Siliguri subdivision of the Darjeeling district of West Bengal , India .

On 3 March 1967 some 150 peasants armed with Bows and Spears took around 11,000
kg of paddy and started seizing the land the pigeons war and rage that communist party
of India (marxist)did not retain the workers in the party by 18 March 1967 the peasant
started begin seizing the land from “joterdars” (which are the landlords who own large
plots of land in the regions).

On 23 May 1967 during an operation to take over the land the police arrive disperse the
gathering of the protesting peasant in naxalbari region. A police party headed by the
Sonam wangadi enter the village to arrange those involved in forcible harvesting. In
retaliation the police opened fire , killing nine women and one child . The peasant group
led by Jangal Santhal surrounded the police party and kill the police inspector .

Under the leadership of Charu Majumdar , Kanu Sanyal and Jangal santhal the tribal
pigeons of a few villages in the Darjeeling district of Bengal form the “peasants
council”. InThis council result to redistribute the land to the sharecroppers and prepare
for an armed struggle against landlords.

In 1969 the All India coordination committee of communist revolutionaries (AICCR )

are further developed into the communist party of India marxist leninst under Charu
Majumdar and Saroj Dutta . kanu Sanu declare the foundation of cpiml at the mass
meeting in Calcutta on 22 April 1969 ( vladmihir lenin’s birthday).

In 1975 the prime minister Indira Gandhi declared the emergency due to internal
double Indira government fall after huge loss in 1977.

In 1980
Communist Party of India (Marxist Leninist) people, usually called people's war group
(PWG), was an underground communist party.
In India this party was founded in Andhra Pradesh in 1980 by Dr. kondapalli
Seetharamaiah and Dr. kolluri Chiranjeevi the party had its roots in the Andhra
committee, communist party of India (Marxist leninist)which had broken away from

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the central organising committee , communist party of India (Marxist leninst)in 1976.
Thr new party was formed by the merger of the Andhra committee with the
kothandaraman grouping in Tamilnadu. Muppala lakshaman rao (Ganapathi) was
general secretary of the party.

On 12th February 1992 , 37 or 38 people belonging to the bhumihar community were

killed in bara village Gaya district, Bihar.

On 1 December 1997 believing that the villages Dalits , mostly poor and landless were
sympathizers to the maoist behind the bara village massacre , the uppercase Ranvir
Sena entered laxmanpur bathe village in arwal district in Bihar and massacred ,58
Dalits.

On 18 March 1999 , 34 people belonging to the Bhumihar community were killed in

senari village jehanabad district , Bihar.

2000-2010
In 2002 the peoples were group pwg intensified its attacks against politicians, police
officer and land and business owners in response to July ban imposed on the group by
the Andhra Pradesh Government the government responded by tightening the security
ordering attacks on suspected pwg members by the state police and the “green tigers”
and estimated 140 people were killed in fighting between the pwg and the government
forces throughout the year according to the government report 482 people have died
during the conflict in 2022.

In 2004 low intensity fighting between the pwg and government forces continued for
most of the year attacks on the police and Telugu desam party officials they believed to
be carry output to by pwg accounted for most of the major incidence and deaths also
the Communist party of India (Maoist) was founded on 21 September 2004 , through
the merger of the Communist party of India (marxist leninst)people's war
( people's war group) , and the Maoist Communist Centre of India ( MCCI ).

In January 2005, the Andhra Pradesh and state government and the CPI-Maoists
broke down and the rebels accused authorities of not addressing their demands for a
written truce, release of prisoners and redistribution of land.
The ongoing conflict had taken place over a vast territory (around half of India's 28
states) with hundreds of people being killed annually in clashes between the CPI
(Maoists) and the government every year since 2005.
In February 2005, the CPI (Maoist) killed 7 policemen, a civilian and injured many
more during a mass attack on a school building in Venkatammanahalli village, Pavgada,
Tumkur, Karnataka.

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In 2006 the Maoist attacks continued & primarily the Targets was on government and
police. 500 to 750 people were estimated killed, fewer than half Naxalites, and
approximately one-third civilians.
On 28 February 2006, the Maoists attacked several anti:Maoist protesters in Erraboru
village in Chhattisgarh using landmines, killing 25 people.
On 24 March 2006, over 500 heavily armed rebels attacked police camps in Orissa's
Udayagiri town of Gajapati district, freeing 40 prisoners from the jail.

In November 2007, The Civilians were forced to choose between joining the Maoist
insurgence or supporting the Salwa Judum and face coercion from both sides.
On 4 March 2007, Maoist shot dead a member of the parliament (Sunil Mahato) of the
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) party from Jharkhand state.

In 2008 , the Maoist forces seem to have shifted their operations to the state of Orissa
where conditions have worsened.
On 13 April: 10 paramilitary troops were killed in eastern Orissa when Maoists
attacked a bauxite mine in the Koraput district.
On 16 February: A group of 50 rebels armed with bombs and firearms, including
women cadres, raided a police training school, police station and armoury in Orissa
killing 12 police and leaving 4 wounded. Before launching the attack, the Naxals
announced that they would not harm the public as their target was the police.

In February , The Indian central government announced a new nationwide initiative to

be called the Integrated Action Plan (IAP) for broad coordinated operations aimed at
combatting and undermining support for the Naxalites in Karnataka, Chhattisgarh,
Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West
Bengal.
This plan was included funding for grass:roots economic development projects in
Naxalite:affected areas as well as increased special police funding for better
containment and reduction of Naxalite influence. After the first full year of
implementation of the national IAP program, Karnataka was removed from the list of
Naxal:affected states in August 2010.

In February 2010, the Silda camp attack killed 24 paramilitary personnel of the Eastern
Frontier Rifles in an operation the guerillas stated was the beginning of "Operation
Peace Hunt", the Maoist answer to the government "Operation Green Hunt" that was
recently launched against them. According to situation and various news sources,
between 500 and 600 people were killed this year. In those killed, approximately 366
were civilians, 188 were government troops (including police) and 27 were Naxalites.
According to South Asia Terrorism Portal and government sources, over 1,000 deaths
occurred in the conflict this year. This includes 277 security forces, 277 Naxalites, and
more than 600 civilian.

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Due to the continued violence in 2011, the most recent central government campaign to
contain and reduce the militant Naxalite presence appears to be having some success,
the 2011 toll of 447 civilians and 142 security personnel killed having been nearly 50%
lower than the 2010 toll.
In July 2011, the number of Naxal:affected areas was reduced to 83 districts across nine
states.

In March 2012, Maoist rebels kidnapped two Italians in Orissa. They later released one,
while the government of Orissa negotiated for the release of the second. The Maoists
released the second hostage in the April. The MLA of Laxmipur constituency (Orissa),
Jhin Hikka, was abducted by the Maoists in March, who demand the release of 30
Maoist cadres (presently in jail) in exchange for the freedom of the MLA. The Orissa
Government is negotiating with the cadres with the help of arbitrators to free the
MLA.On10 June A CRPF trooper was killed in a blast by Maoists in a forested area in
Gaya.

In March 2013 Naxal attack in Darbha valley resulted in the deaths of around 24 Indian
National Congress leaders including the former state minister Mahendra Karma and
the Chhattisgarh Congress chief Nand Kumar Patel.
The Naxalite-Maoist insurgency again gained international media attention after the
2013 Naxal attack in Darbha valley resulted in the deaths of around 24 Indian National
Congress leaders, including the former state minister Mahendra Karma and the
Chhattisgarh Congress chief Nand Kumar Patel.

On 11 May 2014 : 7 police commandos killed in a Maoists landmine blast in the forests
of Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra .

On November 2016: In Jharkhand, six Naxalites were killed in a gun battle with
Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) commandos.

On 28 October 2019 : Kerala Police's elite commando team "Thunderbolt" gunned

down 3 Maoists in an encounter in the Attappadi hills region of Palakkad. One
remaining member of the Maoists' group was killed a day later when the police team
went to inspect the encounter site, following an attack on the team.

On 20 August 2022 : Another FIR was lodged over an incident that had occurred in
Chikpal a day earlier. It is said 10 villagers, including a 12 year old girl, were assaulted
by Maoists. Their medical reports said they had bruises on their backs and above
thighs.

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Decline Trend of Active location

The about is the Map of Naxal-Maoist insurgency, which has been active since 1967,
seeks to overthrow the Indian government to establish communist rule within the
country. The movement gained significant momentum with the establishment of the
Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist) in 2004. At its peak, the insurgency was
active in 40% of India’s land mass, with the ‘Red Corridor’ spanning eastern, central,
and southern India . However, in the current form, Naxal-Maoist activity has been
limited to around many states of India . The data if 2019 and 2020 indicates that 80%
of all Naxal-Maoist activity was concentrated in just four states — Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand, Odisha, and Maharashtra aslo it has been recorded that 20% decrease in
organised political violence events involving Naxal- Maoist insurgents in 2020 compared
to 2019.

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Graphs and pie charts

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Here we can see that the Death rates of civilians, insurgents and security forces started
reducing from 1989 to 2004 and then again started rising from 2005 to 2010 and again
reducing in 2011 and 2012. It means that death rated are not completely diminished but
reducing at the certain point .

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The pie chart shows that there was a ongoing conflict over a spans vast territory – the
so-called Red Corridor – in eastern, central, and southern India.
Looking at the data from January 2016 to the beginning of May 2018, almost half of the
reported conflict events involving Maoist rebels took place in the state of
Chhattisgarh,Jharkhand, Odisha and Bihar in the figure. These four states have been
traditional strongholds for the Communist Party of India (Maoist).

Over half of the reported conflict events are battles, about one-fifth are violence against
civilians, and another fifth are remote violence. Battles typically take place between the
Maoist rebels and Indian police forces.

An Act of violence against civilians include killings of alleged police informers, violent
attacks on members of opposing political parties, and abductions.
For events involving remote violence, Maoist rebels often employ improvised explosive
devices (IEDs) as a tool to inflict damage against police forces and damage public
infrastructure.

Remote violence is employed by groups who lack the will or ability to take over
territory but who seek to dictate government policy and public behaviour through fear
in the contrast of stronger rebels who have the means to challenge the state’s
sovereignty over its territory may use conventional weapons that are suited to direct
military engagement.

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Goverment perspective

The Naxal uprising began in 1967, the Indian government looked at it as a law and
order problem. It did not analyze the causes of the movement and the extent of
mobilization of people. Hence, it believed that it could and would put an end to it in a
short span of time using force.
“During the outbreak of the armed clashes in Naxalbari, the then Home Minister Y B
Chavan, addressing the Lok Sabha on June 13, 1967, described them as mere
“lawlessness” – a transgression to be repressed and contained.
So, while Charu Mazumdar named the 1970's the “Decade of liberation”, the Indian
state chose to make it the “decade of repression”.The United Front government in West
Bengal, confronted by the Naxal violence, was in a dilemma about the nature and scope
of its response.

It recognized the crucial need to address the problem of monstrous iniquity. As a

government it could not let any violent uprising threaten its legitimacy, even if the cause
was morally valid.

The government chose to react based on the latter point and so launched a massive
police operation that drove the movement underground and brought most of its leaders
under police custody within four months of the uprising. The emergency in 1975 was a
period of carte-blanche to the state authorities to crush the movement. It lead to the
legitimization of violation of human rights by the state. But ironically, the movement
arose again in a more violent form after the emergency Police excesses like
extra-judicial killings and extortion, misappropriation and harassment of the Naxal
support base are public secrets, which governments have turned a blind eye to.

The Governments have enacted several laws to empower themselves to combat Naxals.
The West Bengal Government enacted the West Bengal (Prevention of Violent
Activities) Act 1970 to arm itself to repress the uprising. No particular national act has
been enacted so far specifically to counter the Naxal movement, but various 'anti-terror'
acts have been used to curb Naxal violence and too often , to target sympathizers by
stamping them as Naxalites.

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CRITICISMS:

Naxalism as a social issue being a security threat. While evaluating this topic critically,
it comes into mind what made them arose against this. The problem lies with failure of
governance by the state at that time. The slow implementation of land reforms is one of
the main reason for the growth of naxalism. Landlords frequently moved the court to
delay implementation of these reforms. They also convinced with local politicians and
bureaucrats, making the land reform process slow. Land reforms failed in the end. The
lack of human development causes anger and resentments amongst the people.They feel
alienated and excluded. In addition, local elites were engaged in exploiting, harassing
and even torturing the tribal population. The failure of the government to reach out to
these areas is another major factor that aids the growth of Naxalism in these areas. The
failure in formulation and implementation of the right schemes at the right time and
targeting right people is the major problem.

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CONCLUSION:
Evolution of Naxalism in India

● FIRST STAGE (1967 - 1975)

In 1967 a peasant uprising took place in Naxalbari.
In 1969, CPI(M) was broken and a new party, Communist Party (Marxist-
Leninist) was formed under the leadership of Charu Majumdar.
Formation of All India Coordination Committee Communist Revolutionaries.

● SECOND STAGE (1975 - 2004)

Continued their struggle under the strategy of protected war.
CPL(ML) converted into the people's war group (PWG) in 1980
At the same time Maoist Communist Centre of Indian strength in Bihar.

● THIRD STAGE (2004 ONWARDS)

The People's War group combined with Maoist Communist Center of India and
formed CPI ( Maoist ) in 2008.

Sumanata Banerjee in his book Naxalites - Through the eyes of police (2006)
explains the issue of Naxalism from the viewpoint of the police. He suggests a
three way tactic to the strategy makers to stand against Naxalism, first to destroy
it by the actions of police, second to take complete control over local happenings
and third is effective practice of Democratic measures to influence people in
order to gain their moral support against Naxalism.

P. V Ramana through his book The Naxal Challenge (2008) defines the positive
negative effect of Naxalism over socio economic structure, political relations
with it. It also defines Politic Naxal links and role of politics to resolve this issues.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY:
This Assignment is highly based on Secondary Data
Resources which includes books, research articles and
educational sites.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Naxalite

https://www.efsas.org/publications/study-papers/an-intro
duction-to-naxalism-in-india/

https://www.drishtiias.com/printpdf/naxalism-left-wing-e
xtremism-internal-security-threat-vulnerabilities

https://carnegieendowment.org/files/RS.pdf

https://www.iasexpress.net/naxalism-in-india/

https://acleddata.com/2018/05/10/naxalite-maoist-conflict
-in-india-1-january-2016-to-present/

https://www.iassite.com/naxalbari-movement-1967/

https://youtu.be/d_npnBjTQ0g?si=GJbszL69sPhXUp8i

https://www.iasexpress.net/naxalism-in-india/

Books

● NAXALITES- THROUGH THE EYES OF POLICE

(2006) by Sumanata Banerjee

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● THE NAXAL CHALLENGE (2008) by P.V Ramana

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