30" Oct, THorsoay REINTORCEL) CEMENT coneRere [> Coment (Binder) t> Course greg eke ( Borength ) CONCRETE ——_ t> Fine COG regecke ( void. Ur) LS ANotoA hy drain n + works lity ) [? Mild Steel —> Fe 250 NOS. PLAIN, STEEL ‘only 6mm ¢ available. [7 Fe 415 L> Hyso LAF FTN > Fa S00 Hysp (Wbbed on corrugacbed.) —— min Bmen, 1mm, 12mmny 1mm, Es = 200 GPa 20, 25, 32,36 mm Ms = 12 x15 O/% Ug = 003 Ys = 750 ky /md # Length oh ban: T= 12m 3 bons upto 25¢ L= 6m. 5 bors greotor than 26Nowodoase , High Yieid Ftrnength Deformeal Cuyso) ane replaced bg Sherrno Mechawicaly. necked (Trot) sheel bars Chemical . comperitton 6 gimilan “m Ter & Hsp bans. Wor OUTER SURFACE Core Ductile & tough . (soft) Vand, rasishimes, 4 vocathani ves Mould torrbaining- mobken tbeal ib immense iw cald, woaker «Och nosultg tr a toft cone & “hard oF Rete + Methods of Rec Design : 1. Working Ftnow Method. 2, Ultimete Load Method 3. Limit State Method % Working Stress Method. (Elastic Method Cr) Modular Ratio Method or) Facton_of Sojety Method) — DBwign lod = coonlcinge (Or) aerwice load 5 Darin atrenwes | allowable atramer / parmdreiblo, tenoses = Chenactorsbic strength of Mocerial. © Fockon of ahety M20 = fx=20 MP. 5 Fe 250 = Fy = 250 MPa . , x Factor of Safety in Beams: [Steet = ae |> & Gr ws, design loo ww based on Yriquensre theorem, dasigns strength oh tmrotorrad Us bared on er_bound theorem = In thu method, sowiceability iv mot umsidored. (or suds a, love lavel Loadls, sowicralildty ue nob required % Ultimate Load Wethod, — Baign load Ultimeste | Collage loc. 7 Working load @) Bowie load * Load pacton. @ Load fackon dapend& on loasl combination, = Dovign strobes JoMoweble | Parminible strowes = Chanackenubic strength of Matoni Mokerrad “Motrin fate a © Moceniol Zafety Gackor ‘in beame Connrete = 1.5 Seel = 115 = on UViernake load method , Design lood —> based om upper bound theorem Benength of mratoriol —> barel on lower bound theorem, Gr Biss method, Bararice abi lity ww nob Consiclned, a ib “how nob become popular% Limit State Method “Lowite Skate is a con dition ju befona collapse, Upto tha condition, member u safe to narish oxtomal Lowols amd O80 gives proper Serica trroughout bbe. Life, Limit shots rnethod w divided into tuo : w Limit ote of Collapse a) Flexune (Banding: ) => beams by Shean —> bears 3 Comprmsion —> columns &. Jonsion —> End or) L beara, beams cued in plan, dy Limit Frate of Serviceabilitay a) Deflectors by Cea o) Vibrations A Dine resistance 2) Durability — BDaign load /Ulkimate | Jactoned / coapie | Bomiting load, Fp = Gharactowthic load % Yo ie | Fo F, Ue Ve > pantial safety {adorn Yor forces] loots (1S 845-P(s)) = Chonactowrdic load :- the load which ‘has 95% Probability of not bein excceadad, in the life a Aruckure i choractonatic Load.mm = onsenage [meas ak. Fi on on lood , Fe Fm + k(s) Rta) F > chanactonistic - Lonel n Stoadand deawiatron, S = NOTE + @ Rec lini skate wu besed on Ao%% probability Loacl © Powewent derign & bored on Fey Probalility loadl, o She we loads ackt over a, struckuna at oiffenart condittom ane given below, Deon rine charackonutic Load. 30 KN/m, ISkN/m, 20 kN/ms 45 KN/ms 50 kK N/m Fe = 30415 +204 45450 ga knim 5 @As pr |S 456,40 have chonasteritic voles, min 30 temp one requanad ty have propa —corelarton, e+ @2~20)*+ G-49*4 @2-s0)2 5-1 0) + Ge Chonoctoristtic loud, F = Em + KS = 32+ (65 x15:05 kN/m ,— In case of EL (Earthquake Load), replaced Wh (wind Loaat with EL We the combinations en partial saber Jactor, Ye. — Both we ®EL occuring ob colly. gether U fmpouible, te hag thoy me mat toreidancol, togethor Cabeukete darign load ‘va collapie and sowiceabilily Fepowkely — fort Di=ISOkN/m 3 LL = 250 kN/m; wie os kN/m, EL=32 KN fn use max oF EL & wt, = Derign loag 4% collopie : @® LSoL +65 LL = §5(150+ 250) = 600 kN/m. Gy bS DL +45 EL = Le(iso4g), = 233 k N/m Gib b2DL + FALL +42EL = 12 (50-4 28432) = BIP kN/m “Use marc, of three values = 600 KN/m — Design load for Forwice + @ 10 DL + %O LE = '6O +250 = 400 See ere eee 2. Gv 10L + O.BLL +OREL = 150+ 0-8 (250482) = 375.6 Bewica design load, = 400 _kN/m© ~ Deion Beran th of Motenial. / Design Finowes/ 5 AMlowoble | Parmruutble Shuser : [Ps] f > chanactoritic. sererth, Oh mockortiochi: Yr portiol gobety facton fot mactorial Chonactorustic. etnarog th, Of material + The tranyth below woh mat mone than Bh of ost repute, one expected to fou. cohene fm —> mean /awenage senaryth, Design load > Average Design Strength < Average. Mokoriol | Collopse Sormice Concrete, 1s ia Breel rS The cormprenaive Arai Oh ttomdand IS om cubed one given, labour, Datormine chanackaristic strength of wnerete 28 wPa, 33 MPa, 30 PPa, 2 MPa, 40 mPa[2ec33s) OM ental ys dee oat eiot es 5 mee : z=€ S$ = 2.03 fe fo ks = 20.8-165x 2.08. = 16-657 NoPa,ar Oct, FRIDAY ® 03. Sin6ty Reinrorceo Sections (uimer stare METHOD ) » Assumptions: 1. Eater - Bornoullie po : Sieh At por Barnoulli, thine t& no dixtontign mm the shape of cls. Strain dist ribution %& Wreor ae per Bormowlhi, With goro rbnain at neuknah arde amd man at extreme Haw. Bormouwttis cveurrption we vahid, Yr composite members so, vatiol upto failure. 2. HF cam be used in Lomit Shake methes als. 3. Outermost compression Cia = 0.0035 Fibre. linear upto 2°48 fk a vate = [eee --}--fa 0-002 D ] -- 7 - zt -0 0 Ox an es 7 affoctive Age Strain dict Oegismibution. 2 LSM wy a strain oniented approach, (Ws We thro onierteal approaéh) @ Modutus of rmuptune,|fy = 0.4 Lx fer te tensile strangth of comencto im bending. /lonuna, amd is coleulated by two poirrt lood on beam /prinm2. Gn riginal T- € cure, Fok - sess @ Fivst Fal On w ‘nonlineon olastic gone? < amd AB te crack clanving gone. gr the revised strew- shnain come, Crack widening gone te mode Kat od treated as 6, 4. , Plasic gone” ° om Fon Chanackoristic comp nansive . ee et ee Sinemath, min 390 famply one, 40 be wneicered, Ge iw not powthle to test a gormples all the time, 1 for random value bo compronive aonangth, 3 cubec average @ 22 dawg with varokion shoud 0-69 Fok, 0145 fek ° 0.002 0.00357 mot be mone than +16 fo Revised as per 18 456-2000 i should be ured @ feck i cube compranive strzngth, he Horamg th of cmoeke iw a rtructunal member will be 337. lew than cube stnarngth ola to Bigo amd elemdarneng elec’. Design compraniive Horangth, oh wnowe = oot Be Yow —> pantiol talgty aakety factor for comoote (= 15). Basin comprontive stner o} comenste = 0.45 feck, ou Pn overahh FOS Used fr comereta i 2.22 (= cael @Cnack occurs at € = 0.002 = al 4. = 250 mPa} 0-002 (0.2%) ° @ original T-€ OR —> linear elastic Curve for 195 (0.002 (0.2%) @ Revised (idealised) 5 AB —> hon, Linean clostic Be—> plastic Borin serryth of tel & = 4 0.8% fy inom ak fortune for steel te mot given os the ones foals myach eorlen tp the fortore. steel eA €E= 0.0035 Design Benovgth of thea tehm - > o 0.002 ° —_? (02%) @ Hysp/trot eee @ Hysp /rrot (idealised) , OR -> inean (original) ee F elastic OA > neon clastic AB—> mon limean elastic AB—> non Linear clastic Be > strain “Thondening, Bc —> plastic © AU the stra —ebnain cuwot on Lm one comatcanad to be elasto plastte @r) Visco elastic. Bonoin Ese f 0-002 + AY in weal J’ % => |e 0.002 4 0.8% Es = Jo hove propor indications Of filere with racks on the tension gone, the sinain in the steel at forlare thowld be mone them (0.002 + 2 ). . Es - Gh serain in steal & Ws than 0-002, thine will be pollen forlorn im wnoete im the fompnention gone without indications> Stress Block Param eters kK-—b —— 0.0035. 0645 Fue ® --—-4 @ a * Tensile Foncea, T= design snow wm steel x Ast. T = O82 R Ac O48 Fok, x Cowmpremive Peace ara Ci > owenage ttre on @ x Aj Qe ewenage stro on @ % Ap y- C2 = 0.45 Rk) x (bce) Se = Ee (o.ub fk +0) x (bs)= Gy, +e2y, Ci Co = & O45 Ek tboe)x@+ Baa)+ 0-45 Fok b oe) x me) 036 Fek b ocu. => |¥ = 0.42 xu Under al, droumstameas tl failure, > Momert of Resistance, Cal Resietane of row section fe arckorn oly opplied moment due to loools xBared on Corrpnestive forces Mu = CL = 086 feck bru (d-0-42 2¢u) % Based on tersile fore, bO Mua = TL O8F Y Ag (d-0.42 Xu) > @ Jon, beam to be abode, (Ou). = Cou),> Neutral Axis 1 @ @) Balanced / Limiting / Critical / Maximum NA (Reumax ) This ie the NA tang = 0.0035 Xumox ushene Gs = 01002 + o.8G) Es. 4 Sumax depends only on grate of steels in dapendert of, grade oy => Q. 0035 A> Mamax for balamesd failure wshene both —ekwel amd comorete fails ot the same time }o-9-8-} 0.002 + 0:87 xa50 Xumax ax osmae d— Xumax KXumox — 953 5 Fe 250. a Seeman. = 0.49 Hemon 0-46 3 Fe S00 Gp Actual Ste 0.004 ony “a cononreke (os fpr all grades of, conerebe, mac, abnoin ie 00085)> Balanced Section — used im olesign off a membar = tn the aectton, both C&T neadk to manimum val luce amd fail a& the game time. Yhis as ‘theo neticadly porwi ble amd “prackicoNy iempesatlote . Luymax = xy ONOoment of resistances Mutimit = eqn O on @ with Xu, mae ~ wan in a balanadd rection, conmete foils saddens: > Under Reinforced Section. = reinkorwment We ls thon thab im a belanced rection. — Gr thn mctton, steel fib reaches to the marin value mani, values of atrain ond sina. Shona will be lob of wdications ok thak point conmete ts Thawing. less than -the before failure. Ulimotely- conencte foile in @ gradual smanno, worth the support of steel. as @MR, Mu = eqnG MAB wrth xu <0-0085) > Over Reinforced Section’. = conacke fails sudolonly » DANGER {| [> > Xu, maxC@ — gm cose of design, ORS should be eer prohitvited as pr IS 486. Sr cose of om wasting beam fourd to be capacity Oh moment conning: copa otby to thet oh a balanced section sing equation O only. with dudes ./ | Mulimt = 036K basaras 08 apas)| > Limiting %% steel (Steel required for a Balanced Section.) own reinforced, Reduce tb nod carry Prat = 100 Ast a O:30-fMe (oeu mmay ba. Op & -_ *) e100 &y: M20 —> Lek = 20 MPa, Fe4is > & = 415 pom, Prai = 0:36x20 x @-48) xto0 = 0-952 4, O.8ExAIS 0.457% ww the % steal nequaed for a balanced tectton, So provide —§ << 1957% for uncer neintpread tection (=oq%), > Limiting or Balanced Moment of Resistance Mulimir = ean M with Xumax 0S (Fe 250) > Lumoey = 058dMurimit = 0:36-A b dcumax (A— 0-42 Scumax) Mutimit = O.149 Fek bd? &t HYSD (Fe 48) > Xumax = 0-49d; ume = 013 Kk bd? £3: Hysp (Fe 509) — > Kumar = 046d, Oke above simplified equations cam be weed only son balanced sections. oO gn a beam i w better to use mild atecl, bur wh ow nowingy bovd problem —beeng- plone amd nound steel ban. Among tied gradis bette to use Fe 416 grade Fe 500 better for ee > Effective Span. (U) A\ @ a> Wimimum ReinSrament Gh teal providat les than min. , there will be abrupt on tudden fotlune Ae) nin ba Prin = 100 (AstImin. O85 4 bd & fe Fe 415 Pron vet = O85 x top = 0.205% AS > Maximum Reinforcemertt: Ww Beams (Rimax = 4% Ag, Pmax = 4% Gb Column 5 Raox = 6% Mace, stzcl i based on enttcality in placing. amd compacting. the cmmete, With mare. parcerbage of eboel , bearn — column gore wu be énidteal.~> Cover ©) Clear Cover @r) Nominal Cover — Cleon coven uw based on Forwice ability (exposure or envinonmental condittovu) ~ Epvuonmental umditonw in India one, cockegariised as below G Mild — 2mm min cover (i) Moderate — 80 mm min coveh, clear cover €£E cover Wy Severe = 45 mm min cover (buildin im coastal aneas, footings ~touch with soil) dw Very Severe — mm mn coven (foot pean salty roils . builvlings on shore) wy Extreme — 46mm (off shone structure), — Based on structune @ Plas — 20 mm min wom iy) Beams = —= 2.5 Mm, He COT diy Coluring — 40 mm Trim Over Joolings — BO mR in OU, * side face rt ©r) Skin reinforcement fw qe) Ags bed. [| | st) 5. = 04% Ag (sr rome or on% Av Spoeirg ¥ 300 ram bw — fe a a dr aap boars, lateral bucldling occurs clue +0 load, which com §=Fomion wm the cis. Maximum torsional, thean shrewYe davelops on centre of side face. Gy raristame tide, face ngt w provided. > Moment Redistribution: Bending moment, floua fom higher rmegnéhele point to blown voogribude point. An per 18 456, 80%, of redistribution. tu allowed . eo Aten 30% ned stribuction, 100 kN beaetaaccpnc3| (nee Design. BIO = 0.% % 100 kNm ooo analysis) =o km jaca wt he he ah — Redistribution w nob cowed im determinate membow, lke sore ey supported bridge gm b=200, d= 400, +108 (445206), ren ros Suman = O.538d = 053xd =212 mm Ma = OFF Ree 0.83 x250X Tx ag y 4 2136 fek b eee 0.36 x Hox 200 NE 253. 073 rm Hu > hamax = Oven rsinforad section, Lood covesirae capacity (8) moment of natishanca ob ORS should, be reduced to thar of balanced seckion wing. eqn DM & Xumax Muri = 2 OAR fk bo = 0-148A 15x 200x400 = FLD kn,2 xX 250X 20K o8 me AS = AE << Xumax OF 0:36 X15. X 200 Mu = 0:36 Fok bd xu(d- 042 Xu) = 0-36 X 15x 200 '84-8(400- o.42x 14-2) = 65.6 kNmm Aplithouk reinbererment the beam can be treated like 8. hargjencous amd Cea equation can be used, = No ret, Pxi.Sx1o00 £.- 2-4 = aso x08 wg 6 Px \+5 xt000 250 x aod 6 2 P= 82 kN O48A= 0.48 x 360 = 192.8 mm 09 2cumax 0.8 Tx 4)5 XT Ex x2 = $0.66 mm Me = 088 Y Ack “036 kb 0.86 x20% 250\3s Mu = 0:36 Fok b eumax (A~ 0.42 2c) , 0:36 x 20 X 250% 0-66 (860 -0-42x 8066) = 43-85 kNm Pxus = 43-35 => P = 31.56 KN b=200,d= 500, 15, Feais on Mum = OB? fee bb? = 0-13@x15x200 x50 = 103.5 kN - C= T Chakanceal tockion), 0:36 Fk b cumaxy = 0 8% fy Act Ae = 0-36x19x200x6 O-8h% AIS 8 = e18e Re ba (pe 45) Bexid = 0.13¢x 20x200% d2 = d = 500 mm = 018 ek bA® (Fe 500) 04. 14a xi = 0.183X20X bx soe* => b= 224. mm _ ™20 & Fe 500 , b=250, d= 500, # 4,164 FMM Lo. ab => Suman =0.46x500 = 230 mm A2 Cee ASE 0.82 x 500 x 4x Ty 16 5 0-86 fk b _ —— 0-36x20x 250 = 194.36 mre SB xu < Xusmax . Unden reinforced, section 0.62 fk. we C=QHe 67 3 1 oes 4 Org x Zoey +x 0-67 KK gue 4g fek cu xb c= T bx O49 Rk mu = OPEL Ast 2 250% 0-498 X2OX He = OOF X4IGSXIX Ty 2d 3 Depth a newnol axis, xu = = 142.20% mm hu Aa par 1S 456-2000, Depth of nawtrak acts » den = 0187 G Ast 0.36-f.k b = ORF XA1SX 3 ct x2 € 0.36% 20X 250 = 199, 04S ram = 184.045 — 142.207 12 = O.02Ye C= Cy +e, = (Bru x04 f+ 2 yous Rex 22 oy «)b 27 3 = 0.33% £ck ocuxb c= T ‘Oae X250x 0 Bx2000 0-332 X30X300x 2cu D> Xu =_ 142.622 mm 3. Fonce actions. on Comprasion gona = © 0-338 X30X 142. 623X300 = 434.99 kN b= I50mm, d=350mm, Aik = 20 10Pa, By = 415 PoP, Mum = 0-138 Rk bd? = O13ex20xISOxa5d = 50S kNmm My lint ontsa 'S Pe = BF LY Age (d= Sumax) orue SONS = 08% x15 x Ast (350 ~ 0.4¢x350) xt0% . SB Ast = 502.662 mnie ooo2 + & Tees 2 226x'0 008. de Xuma Suma d— %umax armen 0.4356 raCrittcah revctnol asia depth, cu, may 0- 4356 x 450 iy 196.04 mm . rs -Gnom similar DF of strain, ‘\e G = @5s Fok +0) 2. bx BZ ocu= 023k boy Co = OIE xbx Lou =.00%2 fek bru. 7 u OveF 0-904 £3 x Bx wy 1: e = sag.55 aq +a =T 0:23 X25X B00 X Xu + 1IFAXAE SOO Mu = GHGS SH x 415 hu = 54.3 mm Mu = AL) + Cale, = C (d-xe = gx) + Q(a- ae) 27. = 131845 (450 - Loew — HG~)) + 969265 (450~ 9:54 kN3 Nov, NOON DAY 04. DOUBLY REINFORCED SECTIO} > Need 7d Depth is rowtnicted, Wind Load. 0 Reversal of trees t Earth quake Xood. Gy Srvpact Load, — due to moving utheal Locals ~ Plesting toa = wowe ebfoct 04 warts, civy Supporct Section Oo a beam ceo x M) Mu > Mu tmit Mu = Bro due to onckennal loads a Balan od Aste Section . (Mu= rOustemit) aoe Muli Mua 7 ”> Design of DRS — Given Dora indudes: @ Mu Gb 6, D, cover, d? Gib Fek y By. . — Requined. +0 calutate : G Bst (= Asti + Asta) we Ase. @ MOR ob a balomced — gection Mulomit = (...) Rk bd? dy Sh Pu K MuWmit => Use SRE Gi) $4 PU > rouemie «= Une DRS. OI Aeey > treel required Aor a balanced tection, (oshich us Ualameiay camenebe in compacation gone; Mumt = eqn @ with rxumax, fy ED 4 = 08F Ly Asty (d-0,42 Kuma), Asti obtaimed, fo Aska > abel required for eta momerrt. Mu - Mutimit = Te Lp = O84 fy Asta (A-d’) 1 Aste Obtained, => Jotal shel in terion, ee = Agy + Aste; (es Wd Asc > seeal required Im comprasion {RL Mam Meri Mu - Mult = Cale = fee (Ase -@ Es . G ) (a-d) steal ‘compression, Log > Berens in compnersion shecl Ce 0-87 &) (Arourminng Cormprorsion steel £ also yteldad) > Anarysis @ Gwen 6,0, ven, d? Asks Ase neq uined 49 feck, fy> Ge cohadoate Mg Step 11 POR of balamceat fection. (ates corned Sumo = (.) d. a? Ace e ° Step 2t %. = 2 ¥ C+ Co = T a. 0-36 Fok bau + fe Ase = O18 L Ag = o 90 Step’ 32. F{ Xu under Rs. Ast MR —> wre xu © Bored On cormpnomive torces ru = Cli + Cole pou = 036-4 bau (A-0-42, de4) aa + fe Ase (d-d?) 28Go, Bored on tensile forces, Mu = TiLy + Tl, ORF Agyr (- 0-42 Du) + u o8tfy Agus (d-d7), gn -bhis cove the break up of main steel irtto & Acta & Mob kmoum. MR equation bared on Ast " ores ane ured amd mot eee foro set compressive Step 4: H dtu = Lurmax => balanced section, POR = Muwemib. = equation @ with uma eet Ne cee ae Derign of ORS bs proibeted « Foam iaiong beam, found to be ORS, Meduee a look & moment conesirg Copastty, to thak of % bokomerd section usiry Susman in G P20 0.0035. ° Teo] fife Se = 2.0086 Xun d? eu, ere fe = Ce pee) oe. Jor ony grode of steel, mac Compremive threw = OFF FyP-2i 2. b=350 mm, d= 2oOmm, 50mm 5 Pek = 15 NoPa , fy= AIS oP, fe = 953.4 Pa, u = 300 kNm-xLS = 450 kNm. fOuit = 188K bd = 0. 8@ x 15 X 250x706 = 855. kNm. Mu % Mu, Umit > doubly. nemlpad rection Mahim = 0:82 Fy Aotr (d~ 0.4 2Xarmax) 855 xick = O€F x41 x Acti ( A — 0.42 x0 42d) => A = Mu-Noulimit = ez fy Asta (d~a), (450-365) 108 = 0:87 X4IS x Acta (700-50), 2 Asta = 404. 8 mime Slerwile steel raguined 5 Ash = Acyy + Acta. = 17543 + 404.8 2164 W Nu- towtimit = Fee Ase (A-a?) qsxi® = 353. 7.x ff x Ase (400 ~s0) Age steel requnal = 418 Cornprardionos: b= 300 mm, D=50Omm- oe P= 5omm, Ly = AIS dA=500- 37.5 fee = 08566 gy = 462.5 mm. = 355-494 Pe = 28 Ae = AK Tex 28% = 1963.5 cont « 4 . 2 4000124 Toe Alc = 2% Tx le = Kumax = WSK 4625 Re = 222 mm. 0.36fck bxu+ Fe Ace = 0184 Ly Ast. 0.36 X 25X 300 Su + 35S. 484 X 402.124 =O SF xy SXIT ERS Seu = 209-62 mre => Mu < Wurmax > umdan heinfored zectton, MUblimoste moment of nesistane, Mu 0:36 Fok bu (d-0.42 eu) , + Fse Asc (A-d’), = 0.36% 25% 80020062 (ag2.5 — O+42x 209-62) + 355. 4eaxdue. 124 (462.5 ~50) | 08 Workings /sovrica moment ytDead load, wy = Yo bd 2SKN/ xX 03X05 3.95, kN/m. e+ eon = 180.6 => wy = 19-82 kN im 2. Baperivaposed. ve, load. = 19-02 kN/m 3. b=300mm, A=500 mm, Ag =2200 mm Ace = 628 rh PRs 50 mm f= 20 MP » Ly =250, fee = 08% 4 (tonsion & Eee Steal yield.) 0.36 Fek bxu + Be Ace = O18 & Ast. 290 0.36 X20 XBO0XXU + OCFKBEOX 62F = O-8F xMHSX 2200, xu = (58.3 mm of Mu = 086 Lek bu (A-0.42 2cu) + fee Ase Ga’) 209.69 KN 0:36% 20 X 300 X152.3 (S00 — 0-42 x 158.3) + O.et x80 x620( (500~s9)5h Nov, MEDNESDRY O05. FLANGED BEAMS Requirement Go monolithic construction. (Game. joint) Gy Precast consbruckion ghowld Shove shean comneckonas, Cy 5 ks shear ‘commector MA Vj | L| L YY Th a : L-beam ow intermediate @Pre—cast construction « T beam (SF; Br} pare dy rT bw —s width of beam 4 Op —> +thicknm of slab be —> ebtpotive width of slange 000 ke bw ac& of ssB = Effective flange width can be calutoted based on emporical formas given tn IS-456 70 thats the slab hich & odldos to the beam should be wn compaowion. (ff the slob ie in ctersion, the offeck carmat be adoled %* Cormected beams be ie + bw + 6D¢ te Gy T-beamlo —> Cle distama blw 80 BY poirste, ( to=0 M=0 i u S58 v - a lo = 0.71 j i Feat M0 (@oc) (Poe) BF FIX /comtinuous beam. = Beyond lo, alab is in tension. + beam should not be. darigned Uke a flamgat beam, WNean ta tupport, the beam we borowing, Uke a doubly raimbornad nackamqulan seckton. with alternate bars bent up. ~ Therefore, combiluver vs also breatal as oretinooys rebar ulan beam ony. (lp =0 {er cantilever) — $4 Ure slab on othr side of Ure beam iy tn companion sthen, only tr cam be added, on a forge to the beam, CHa" ie tension Zone of sl Fix dy L = beam. be = lo + bw + 3 De 12. casaaa | all eee ee 3 © Inverted flanged beara Used. iw cantilevan pactors ¥ IN Y 3! Portico, ponch. Box~» Isolated bearns b> actual {large usidth ovatlable. bul d T-beam. I — 1 be #b : re Gi SS T-bearm briclges. Gi) L— bean, N oe abe be = O50 eae to 1 b be #b &: Portico, sundhode, chojias P-24 2, bedm, Talos Ems bu = 025m Joos bridge —> troleced, T-bearn. (558) b = _§ _ +025 e = 12 4 bw a3 E49 = 125 L beam. > Analysis je be ———— 3, i led kK bw Ci) Kumax = Gadd Kumar —> entical | balanced / macioncem / rmtting. NA. Mos > 0. 53 Fe4is > o.4g Fe 500 => 0646Gy Weutral Aig, x4 Arnume NA im flomge aug Or The ebhece Of conmete should be considered, ony bm Cormpransics gore. Jn the cose, beam behowes Uke rectonfe with bah =be, fs be ss =988 Ga | Hu SDE, the arsumphion & connodk, Junthen sap na Vike a neckaongilon beam omy with bb, . $4 Xu d De» the anrbucmnpiom a wre. Recalusbate Xu by Considering & vm the web, Ke be — os Rk 7 * T T a 1 | @ : 1 @ {8 v . L 6, mu @ ae 900] TL, K bw ay NA ww web. Case ts De FS oy@ Gn rie case, the entire lame U usith unijgrm anes qy 4 O45 fck, the web cm be treated like a nackameg wlan. Section, CQ +C2 = T 0:36 Fok, Qu) 2c 245A (bebo) dp = = WFL ASL x Moment of Resistance, Por = ce Gompronive forces, Mu = Gh + Cole Mu, = 0:36 Fok GY) xu (do. 42 Rin) — 9:48 Fok Che -bw) De (a~ Be ) ® Gai MR equotton based on -terile Yrs carmot be Yorrmulacter dinacty ar gore portion of Ast te balancing. conoreke in web port amd the other Dalamcinng- anoute in Yonge pat the break up we nok boom, Case 2: De > 2 ey os Ou eel Ag pa IS coder Pe > 02, 0624 << bp ons ey P$n this cose, dapth of flange w& mone than depth of, neckomgulon portzon of, stron a 4 Some pant oh the {lorge. ty woth uent{orrn abr of 0.45 fk, amd the other Joy eee 045 Rk, Gn suck a care, use the aquaktons an in th, above case, but roplace ax emponical constant Ye im plow. ob Pr. P25. be =F40 ot De=morm: — Tumax = 9.59 ch = 053x400 = 2 mm. to20 Ast = 1286.64 mnt 46420 4 (Fe 280) 20 be _ 100 _o, Bene bw =240 a7 Sr Le 0:36 fk bg Xu OHS = 0.8? fy Ach: 0:36 X 20x F40X cy = OFF x250 KI2 Eb. C4 Xu = 53 mm Bu < De =P anumpior is comect Ru < Sumax —S under reingorued etton, Analyse Uke a rackargyular beam with b=bp Mu = en @ X@ with xu u 0:36 Fek be Xu (A- 0.42 xu) = 0:36 X20x 240x 51-3( 400 ~ 01 42x51-3) Knew2 06. Ha ,osg of Fe 40s. 0:36 fck be mu = O8F fy Ashe 0136 X20X FAD XXU = OIE 4 xT y og? + => Xu = 133.06 “mm Stu > De => omumetion ey vonorg, Pe = 0.25 rove. (cose 2), do Up = OS xu +065 x De. = OI Xu + 9.65 xX100. 0186 x-Fk x bw Hu + O45 Ck be-bu) Ys = 0.92 & bse 240 0:86 X20% THO He + 0.45 x 20 (240 240) (Os acu, +65) = 0-8 X4ISX 4X yok fe 2403 Go03 Xu + 242500 = 7oeq20 143.3, > cu = 64368 mm Bumax = W4d = OAR x 400 Ye = 0115 x1733-4 6s S192 men F0.9F << De, Su < Samax =P under reinforced seelion , Nu = 0:36 x20x240 x 199. , £ pal 142-340, 45X20 x500 x 40:49 (#40 * (49 —0-42.x198) = 24314 kum Effective flamge sidth (ss Seolabed bean), b= 2m De. =150 rm 0 =e bus 300 mm Lae#2,209 d= j an _ ° GM Xumay = O48 d \A=F50-40 - =O rom 46,204 dy Gn Xu, Arourna NA im large, C+ =T 0:36 feck be Xu + Gb Ace = O'6F LY Ach 2 0.36x 25% (P60 X Xu + O87 x 415 exe x20 = OR FXG 6X Ty 2d Xu = 8406 mM < De 1. Aamumption i comrech Ku < Xumax => ORS oF Nore Xu Shear Span, Span im adhich thom {ora 6 a mon BRO covbant value Gr the theon spon. gore, bencting, vmoment nas not be goro, git ty Gn lab, various *ypas qf bern pure bending oilers cam be amered by, a Ms shear span (a j me ie effective alapth \ “S— Shear NN] Span =a. oawa, a) Diagoral Compression Failure. Shue failure occuns th the wormpnemion Zone of a guppore = ingonal. v= +t eee te) Te =-T (diagoral commprantion) Concnreke vm cormprention gone get owshel due to heary compnemive forte ard, then auddenly fails. Bhis failure can be rectified at the design abage ital, with surbable measures,