ARCH 311

DESIGN 5: SPACE PLANNING

RESEARCH WORK # 4

 HOSPITAL DESIGN
 CATEGORIES/ CLASSIFICATION
 SPACE REQUIREMENTS
 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
 BUILDING LAWS

IRENE D. NOCHE
STUDENT

AR. JEFSIE M. ANTONIO

INSTRUCTOR

JANUARY 11,2024
HOSPITAL DESIGN
Hospitals are the most complex of building types with various services like diagnostics, treatment,
hospitality, and inpatient care. They are subject to numerous regulations due to their diverse functions,
complex systems, and evolving nature. Hospital planning involves specialized consultants due to the
specialized knowledge required for tasks like managing mechanical, electrical, and telecommunications
systems. Balancing competing needs, preferences, mandatory requirements, internal traffic flow, and
financial considerations is crucial in designing a hospital.

The basic form of a hospital is, ideally, based on its functions:

 bed-related inpatient functions
 outpatient-related functions
 diagnostic and treatment functions
 administrative functions
 service functions (food, supply)
 research and teaching functions
The layout of a hospital is shaped by the physical connections between its functions. Specific relationships
between various functions are essential, and these are typically outlined in flow diagrams.

These flow diagrams show the movement and communication of people, materials, and waste.
CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS
Classification of hospital shall be based on Administrative Order No. 2012–0012, dated July 18, 2012, "Rules and
Regulations Governing the New Classification of Hospitals and Other Health Facilities in the Philippines".

According to Ownership
Government
The hospital is created by law.
 A government health facility may be under the National Government, DOH, Local Government Unit (LGU),
Department of Justice (DOJ), State Universities and Colleges (SUCs), Government-owned and controlled
corporations (GOCC) and others

Private
 Owned, established, and operated with funds from donation, principal, investment, or other means by any
individual, corporation, association, or organization

According to Scope of Services

General Hospital
 A hospital that provides services for all kinds of illnesses, diseases, injuries or deformities
 It provides medical and surgical care to the sick and injured, maternity, newborn and child care
It shall be equipped with the service capabilities needed to support board certified/ eligible medical specialists and
other licensed physicians rendering services in, but not limited to the following:
 Clinical Services (Family Medicine, Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Surgery)
 Emergency Services
 Outpatient Services
 Ancillary and Support Services (Clinical Laboratory, Imaging Facility, Pharmacy)

Specialty
 Specializes in a particular disease or condition or in one type of patient.
A specialized hospital may be devoted to the treatment of the following:
 Treatment of a particular type of illness or for a particular condition requiring a range of treatment
 Treatment of patients suffering from a particular diseases of a particular organ or group of organs
 Treatment of patients belonging to a group such as children, women, elderly or others

According to functional capacity

Level 1 General Hospital
A level 1 General Hospital shall have as minimum:
1. A staff of qualified, medical, allied medical and administrative personnel headed by a physician duly licensed by the
PRC
2. Bed space for its authorized bed capacity, in accordance with DOH Guidelines in the Planning and Design of
Hospitals
3. An operating room with standard equipment and provisions for sterilization of equipment and supplies in
accordance with:
 DOH Reference Plan in the Planning and Design of an Operating Room or Theater
 DOH Guidelines on Cleaning, Disinfection, and Sterilization of Reusable Medical Devices in Hospital
Facilities in the Philippines

4. A post-operative Recovery Room

5. Maternity Facilities consisting of Ward(s), Room(s), a Delivery Room, exclusively for maternity patients and
newborns
6. Isolation facilities with proper procedures for the care and control of infection and communicable diseases as well
as for the prevention of cross infection
7. A separate dental section/ clinic
8. Provision for blood donation
9. A DOH-licensed secondary clinical laboratory with the services of a consulting pathologist
10. A DOH licensed Level 1 imaging facility with the services of a consulting radiologist
11. A DOH licensed pharmacy

Level 2 General Hospital

As minimum, all of Level 1 capacity, including but not limited to:

1. An organized staff of qualified and competent personnel with Chief of Hospital/Medical Director and
appropriate board certified Clinical Department Heads
2. Departmentalized and equipped with the service capabilities needed to support board certified/ eligible
medical specialties and other licensed physicians rendering services in the specialties of Medicine,
Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Surgery, their subspecialties, and other ancillary services
3. Provision for general ICU for critically ill patients
4. Provision for NICU
5. Provision for HRPU
6. Provision for Respiratory Therapy Services
7. A DOH licensed tertiary clinical laboratory
8. A DOH licensed level 2 imaging facility with mobile X-ray inside the institution and with capability for
contrast examinations

Level 3 General Hospital

As minimum, all of Level 2, including but not limited to:
 Teaching and/or Training Hospital with accredited residency training program for physicians in the
four major specialties namely: Medicine, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Surgery
 Provision for physical medicine and rehabilitation unit
 Provision for ambulatory surgical clinic
 Provision for dialysis facility
 Provision for blood bank
 A DOH licensed level 3 imaging facility with interventional radiology

Specialty Hospitals
Trauma Hospitals
The trauma capability of hospitals shall be assessed in accordance with the guidelines formulated by the
Philippine College of Surgeons
 Trauma Capable Facility is a DOH licensed hospital designated as a Trauma Center
 Trauma Receiving Facility is a DOH licensed hospital within the trauma service area which receives trauma
patients for transport to the point of care or a trauma center
Level 2 Hospital Staffing Pattern for a 100-200 Bed Capacity Hospital
A. Office of the Medical Center Chief
1. Office of the Medical Center Chief
2. Integrated Hospital Operations andManagement Program
B. Medical Service
1. Office of the Chief of Medical Professional Staff
2. Outpatient Department
3. Emergency Medicine Department
4. Clinical Departments
5. Special Care Areas
6. Department of Pathology
a. Blood Bank
b. Anatomic and Clinical Laboratory
7. Department of Radiology
8. Dental
9. Health Information Management
a. Admitting/Information
10. Nutrition and Dietetics
11. Pharmacy
12. Medical Social Work

Nursing Service
1. Office of the Chief Nurse
2. Clinical Nursing Units
1.Operating Room
2.Delivery Room
3.Special Care Areas
a.Post-Anesthesia Care Unit
b.Intensive Care Unit
c.Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
d.Pulmonary/Respiratory Unit
4.Central Supply and Sterilization

SPACE REQUIREMENTS

DESIGN CONSIDERATION
Hospitals and health facilities must be carefully planned and designed to follow good architectural practices,
meet functional needs, and comply with codes as a standard part of professional practice.

1. Location: Hospitals and health facilities should be easily accessible to the community and away from excessive
noise, smoke, dust, foul odors, floods, and certain locations like railroads, freight yards, children's playgrounds,
airports, and industrial plants.
2. OCCUPANCY: Buildings designed for purposes other than hospitals should not be converted into hospitals, and
hospital locations must comply with local zoning ordinances.
3. Safety: Hospitals must maintain a safe environment for patients, staff, and the public. The construction should
prevent hazards, and there should be designated exit types and a minimum of two exits per floor.
3.1 Exits shall be restricted to the following types: door leading directly outside the building, interior stair,
ramp, and exterior stair.
3.2 A minimum of two (2) exits, remote from each other, shall be provided for each floor of the building.
 3.3 Exits shall terminate directly at an open space to the outside of the building.

4. Security: Hospitals must ensure the security of individuals and property within the facility.
5. Patient Movement: Spaces in hospitals should allow free movement of patients, including those on beds, stretchers,
or wheelchairs.
5.1 Corridors for access by patient and equipment shall have a minimum width of 2.44 meters.
5.2 Corridors in areas not commonly used for bed, stretcher and equipment transport may be reduced in width
to 1.83 meters.
5.3 A ramp or elevator shall be provided for ancillary, clinical and nursing areas located on the upper floor.
5.4 A ramp shall be provided as access to the entrance of the hospital not on the same level of the site.
6. Lighting: All areas in hospitals must have sufficient lighting for patient comfort, healing, and staff work.
7. Ventilation: Hospitals should provide adequate ventilation for the comfort of patients, staff, and the public.
8. Auditory and Visual Privacy: Hospitals must maintain acceptable sound levels and visual seclusion in designated
areas to facilitate activities without interference.
9. Water Supply: Hospitals should use an approved public water supply system that is potable, safe, and free of cross
connections.
10. Waste Disposal: Liquid waste should be discharged into an approved public sewerage system, and solid waste
must be collected, treated, and disposed of according to applicable codes, laws, or ordinances.
11. Sanitation: Hospitals must provide utilities for a sanitary system, including approved water supply and sewerage
systems, to maintain a clean and healthy environment throughout the buildings and premises.
12. Housekeeping: Hospitals and health facilities must create and uphold a healthy and visually pleasing environment
for patients, staff, and the public.
13. Maintenance: An effective building maintenance program is essential to keep hospital buildings and equipment in
good repair, preventing untimely breakdowns.
14. Material Specification: Floors, walls, and ceilings in hospitals should be made of robust materials that ensure
durability, easy cleaning, and fire resistance.

15. Segregation: Wards in hospitals should separate sexes, and there should be dedicated toilets for male and female
patients and personnel, with a ratio of one toilet for every eight individuals.
16. Fire Protection: Hospitals need measures for fire detection, such as alarms, peepholes, or smoke detectors, as well
as devices for extinguishing fires, like easily accessible fire extinguishers or hoses.
17. Signage: Effective graphic systems with visual aids and devices are necessary in hospitals to provide information,
orientation, direction, identification, prohibition, warning, and official notices for optimal operation.
18. Parking: Hospitals should provide a minimum of one parking space for every twenty-five beds.
19. Zoning: Hospitals should categorize different areas into specific zones:
- Outer Zone: Accessible to the public, housing emergency, outpatient, and administrative services.
- Second Zone: Receives workload from the outer zone, including laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology
services.
- Inner Zone: Provides nursing care and patient management, such as nursing services, located in private areas
but accessible to guests.
 - Deep Zone: Requires asepsis for prescribed services, including surgical, delivery, nursery, and intensive care
services, segregated from public areas but accessible to outer, second, and inner zones.
- Service Zone: This area supports hospital activities, including dietary service, housekeeping service,
maintenance, motorpool service, and the mortuary. These services should be situated away from regular traffic
areas.
20. Function: Different hospital areas should be functionally connected.
20.1 Emergency services should be on the ground floor for immediate access, with a separate entrance
provided.
20.2 Administrative services, including admitting and business offices, should be near the main entrance.
Hospital management offices can be in private areas.
20.3 Surgical services should be arranged to prevent unrelated traffic. The operating room should be as remote
as possible for asepsis. The dressing room should avoid exposure to dirty areas, and the nurse station should
allow visual observation of patient movement.
20.4 Delivery services should be arranged similarly to surgical services for asepsis. The nursery should be
separate but immediately accessible from the delivery room.
20.5 Nursing services should be segregated from public areas. Nurse stations, with a ratio of at least one for
every thirty-five beds, should permit visual observation of patients. Rooms and wards should be spacious
enough for workflow and patient movement, with toilets easily accessible.
20.6 Dietary services should be at least 25 meters away from the morgue.
21. Space: Adequate space should be provided for people, activities, furniture, equipment, and utility within the

hospital.
BUILDING LAWS
• P. D. 1096 – National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing
Rules and Regulations
• P. D. 1185 – Fire Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
• P. D. 856 – Code on Sanitation of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
• B. P. 344 – Accessibility Law and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations
• R. A. 1378 – National Plumbing Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing
Rules and Regulations
• R. A. 184 – Philippine Electrical Code