4 Projection of Solids

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections
Engineering Graphics
Projection of Solids
Course Coordinator
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Acharya Institute of Technology
Bangalore
Engineering Graphics
Content of the Module -3
Orthographic Projection of Solids
Orthographic projection of right regular solids (Solids Resting on HP only)
Prisms - triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon

Pyramids - triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon
Cylinders
Cones
Cubes
Tetrahedron
Application problems on projection of solids.

Projections of Frustum of cone, pyramid & truncated sphere (For CIE only).
MODULE - III
Projections of solids
Introduction, definitions - projections of right regular tetrahedron, hexahedron(cube), prisms, pyramids, and
cones with axis inclined to both the planes. (Solids resting on HP only and no problems on octahedrons, and
freely suspended solids.)
Square
Cone
Pentagonal Square Cone Pyramid
Cylinder
Prism Pyramid Frustum of
Prisms
Pyramids Pyramids

1 A Square prism 35mm sides of base and 65mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base which is inclined
to VP at 30 . Draw the projection of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 45
VP
O
VP a1 (o1 1(c1 A C
1
X Y a1
HP B 1
(o1
d(d1) c(c1) 1(c1
o(o1) C1
a(a1) A1 c(c1)
B1
a(a1) b(b1) b(b1)
a1 1 d1
a1
(o1 o1
VP a1 1 (o1 b1 1 40 b1 c1 b1
X 1
c Y
HP
d(d1) c(c1) d1 (c1) d c

d o b
o(o1) o (c1)
(o1) a
a1 (b1) a b (o1) (b1)

a(a1) b(b1) d1
a1

a1 1 d1
a1
(o1 o1
VP a1 1 (o1 b1 1 40 b1 c1 b1
X 1
c Y
HP
d(d1) c(c1) d1 (c1) d c

d o b
o(o1) o (c1)
(o1) a
a1 (b1) a b (o1) (b1)

a(a1) b(b1) d1
a1
2 A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corner of the base such that the two
base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the prism
when the axis of the prism is inclined to HP at 40 and appears to be inclined to VP at 45
VP
D B
O
AC
A c1
VP c1 d1 1 1 a1
X Y
HP
b(b1)
a1
c(c1) C1
B1
O1
c(c1)
o(o1) a(a1) D1 A1
d(d1) a(a1)
d(d1)

c1
c1
b1 o1
d1 1 1 d1
VP c1 d1 a1 40 a1
1 1 a1
X Y
HP b1 b 45
b(b1) b a
o
c(c1) c1 c b1 c
(o1) o a (a1)
o(o1) a(a1) (a1) d
(o1)
d1 d
d(d1) c1
d1
c1
c1
b1 o1
d1 1 1 d1
VP c1 d1 a1 40 a1
1 1 a1
X Y
HP b1 b 45
b(b1) b a
o
c(c1) c1 c b1 c
(o1) o a (a1)
o(o1) a(a1) (a1) d
(o1)
d1 d
d(d1) c1
d1


5 A pentagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 60mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base which is
inclined to VP at 30 . Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 45
VP
E
A
O
B D
VP a1 b1 (o1 c1 C a1 b
X
1 1 Y 1 1
HP e(e1) (o1
d(d1) d1 1
a(a1) o(o1)
B1 D1
c(c1) b(b1) C1 d(d1)
b(b1) c(c1)
a1 a1
) e1
o1 b1
(o1
VP a1 b1 (o1 c1 1 d1 c1
X 1
Y
HP d
e(e1) e1 e
(d1) e
d o c
d(d1)
a(a1)
o(o1) a1 o
(o1) a a b
c(c1) (c1) (d1)
c
e1
b(b1) b1 b (c1)
(o1)
(e1)
a1
b1

a1 a1
) e1
o1 b1
(o1
VP a1 b1 (o1 c1 1 d1 c1
X 1
Y
HP d
e(e1) e1 e
(d1) e
d o c
d(d1)
a(a1)
o(o1) a1 o
(o1) a a b
c(c1) (c1) (d1)
c
e1
b(b1) b1 b (c1)
(o1)
(e1)
a1
b1
6. A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base. Draw the
projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 40 and VP at 30 .

7. A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such
that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the
projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to HP at 40 and appears to be inclined to VP at 45º.
8. A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that
the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of
the prison when the axis of the prism is inclined to HP at 40 and to VP at 30 .

9. A hexagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges. Draw the projections
of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 45 and appears to be inclined to VP 40 .
10. A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base. Draw the
projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 45 and VP at 30
VP
F E
O
A
D
(o1 B a1
C 1 (o1
VP a1 1 b1 1 c1 1
X Y b1 1
HP c1
e(e1) 1
f(f1)
d(d1) A1
a(a1) O1
B1 D1
o(o1) d(d1)
C1
b(b1)
c(c1)
a(a1) c(c1)
b(b1)

10. A hexagonal prism 25mm sides of base and 50mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base. Draw the
projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 45 and VP at 30
a1 1 f1 a1
(o1
b1 o1
1
e1 b1
(o1
VP a1 b1 c1 45 d1 c1
1 1 1 c1
X e(e1)
1
e Y
HP e1 30
e d
f(f1) d(d1) f1 d
(d1) f
o(o1) (o1) o (d1) f
o c
e1
(c1) a c
a
a(a1) c(c1) a1 b
f1 o1 (o1) (c1)
b(b1) b1 b
a1 b1
11. A hexagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such
projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to HP at 40 and appears to be inclined to VP at 45 .

12. A hexagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such
projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to HP at 40 and to VP at 30
16. A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 65 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base which
is inclined to VP at 30 . Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 45 .
o'
o'
o'
b'(c') c'
b'
(o1') (o1')
VP b'(c') (o') a'(d') a'(d') d' a'
X o
Y
HP
c d c d
o
(o1) d
o(o1)
a
b a b a c (o1)

17. A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that
the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of
the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 40 and appears to be inclined to VP at 45
18. A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such that the two
base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections of the pyramid
when the axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 40o and VP at 30o.
o' o'
o'
c' c'
(o1') b'
b'(d') (o1')
d'
VP c' (o1') b'(d') a' 40o a' a'
X Y
HP
d d
o
d
c o(o1) (o1) (a)

o
a c (a)
(o1)
c
b b
b

19. A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base. Draw the
projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 45º and VP at 30 .
20. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base which
is inclined to VP at 30 . Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 40 .

21. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base. Draw
the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 45º and VP at 30 .
o'
o'
o'
c'
c'
b'(d') d' b'

(o1') (o1')
VP c' b'(d') (o1') a'(e') 40o a'(e') a'
e'
X Y
HP
d d =41o
e e o
e
c o(o1) d
o
c (o1)
(o1) a
a a
c
b b b
22. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such
that the two base edges containing the corner on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw the projections
of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 40% and appears to be inclined to VP at 45

23. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such
of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 40 and to VP at 30
24. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base
which is inclined to VP at 30o. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 45o.
o' o' o'
c'(d ') d'

(o1') c'
b'(e ') b'

e' o1'
VP c'(d ') (o1') b'(e ') 45o a'(f ')
a'(f ') f' a'
X Y
HP 30o
e e o
d f d
(f) e (f)
o(o1) o1 o (a)
(a) o1
c a c d
b
b b c

25. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base. Draw
the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 45 and VP at 30
26. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such
of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 40 and appears to be inclined to VP at 45

27. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base such
projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 40 and to VP at 30
31. A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant edges. Draw the
projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45.

32. A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant edges. Draw the
projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 45 .
33. A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant triangular faces.
Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45 .

34. A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant triangular faces. Draw
the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 45º.
35. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant edges. Draw the
projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45º.

36. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant edges. Draw the
projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 45%.
37. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant triangular faces.
Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45%.

38. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant triangular faces.
Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 45 .
39. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant edges. Draw the
projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45%.

40. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant edges. Draw the
projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 45 .
41. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant triangular faces.
Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45 .

42. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant triangular faces.
Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to VP at 45 .
43. A cube of 40 mm sides rests on HP on an edge which is inclined to VP at 30 . Draw the projections when the lateral
square face containing the edge on which it rests makes an angle of 50 to HP.

44. A tetrahedron of 55mm sides rests on one of its corners such that an edge containing that corner is inclined to HP
at 50 and 30 . Draw its projections.
o1 o1
VP o1
X Y
HP
c c
o
(o1)o a
(o1) o c
a
a1 a
(o1)
b b
b
45. A cone of 50 mm base diameter and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its generators. Draw its projections
when the axis is inclined to VP at 30 .

46. A tetrahedron of sides 40 mm is resting on one of its sides on HP. This side is parallel to VP and 40 mm away from it.
It is tilted about resting side such that the base containing this edge is inclined at 30 to HP. Draw the projections of it.
47. A hexahedron of 30mm sides rests is resting on one of its corners on HP such that one of its solid diagonals is
perpendicular to VP. Draw its projections.
c1 (c1
d1 b1
(d1
VP a1 (o1 (d1 c1 a1 b1 (o a1
1
X Y
HP
c1
d(d1) d d1
d1 c (o1) b1
(a1) (o1)
a(a1) a c1
o(o1) c(c ) o c b
1 d (a1)
b b1
b(b1) a

48. A pentagonal prism of base edge 25mm and height 50mm is resting on HP on one of its base corners such that the top
most edge is at a distance of 60mm above HP. Draw its projections, when its top view of the axis is inclined at 45 to
VP. Determine the inclination of the longer edge of the prism to HP which contains the resting corner.
e1 a1
)
(o1 o1 b1
d1
VP a1 (o1 b1 c1 c1 c1
1 1
X Y
HP
d(d1) d1 d
e(e1) e1 e
c(c1) c
o(o1) (o1) (c1) o
a1 a
a(a1)
b1 b
b(b1)
50. A cone of base dia. 40 mm and axis length 50 mm is resting on HP on a point on the circumference of its base such
that its apex is at 40 mm above the HP and its top view of the axis is inclined at 60 to VP. Draw the top and front
views of the solid. Also, determine the inclinations of the axis when the base is nearer to the observer.
Thank you
49. A square pyramid of base sides 30mm and height 60mm is suspended by a thread tied to one of the corners of the
base. It is then titled such that the axis makes an angle of 45 with respect to the VP. Considering the apex of the
solid to be nearer to the observer. Draw the projections of the solid.

28. Problem 28 A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length is suspended freely from a corner of its
base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45
29. A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length is suspended freely from a corner of its base.
Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45

30. A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length is suspended freely from a corner of its base.
Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45
13. A square prism 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length is suspended freely from a corner of its base. Draw the
projections of the prism when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45 .

14. A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length is suspended freely from a corner of its base.
Draw the projections of the prism when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45
15. A hexagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length is suspended freely from a corner of its base. Draw
the projections of the prism when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45

4 Projection of Solids

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4 Projection of Solids

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Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Orthographic projection of right regular solids (Solids Resting on HP only)

Prisms - triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon

Application problems on projection of solids.

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

d(d1) c(c1) d1 (c1) d c

a1 (b1) a b (o1) (b1)

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

d(d1) c(c1) d1 (c1) d c

a1 (b1) a b (o1) (b1)

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

c o(o1) (o1) (a)

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

b'(d') d' b'

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

o' o' o'

c'(d ') d'

b'(e ') b'

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

Course ID: C105 Engineering Visualization (21EVN15) Module-2 Iso-Metric Projections

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