D. J.

Sanghvi College of Engineering

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Sem VIII Internet Engineering & Network Security

Experiment No.: 5 Date:26/02/24

Priyansh Rupani 60002200127 E2-4

Title: To install and configure Domain Name Server in Cisco packet tracer.

.Pre-requisite: Basic concept of DNS records and basic commands of Ubuntu Linux.
Apparatus: Cisco packet tracer.

Theory:
People prefer hostname and routers use IP address as identifiers. So there is a requirement of a directory service that translates host
name to IP. (like a phone directory). It is a distributed database implemented in a hierarchy of DNS servers and aapplication-layer
protocol that allows host, routers, name servers to communicate to resolve names (address/name translation)
DNS runs over UDP and uses port number 53.DNS is commonly employed by other application layer protocol.
DNS services
 Hostname to IP address translation
 Host aliasing
A host with a complicated host name can have 1 or more alias names. The entire complicated host name is known as
Canonical host name.Alias hostnames are simpler than canonical names .DNS can provide the canonical name and IP
address of an alias host name
 Mail server aliasing
A mail address is mnemonic. For eg. Bob has mail id bob@hotmail.com. But host name of hotmail mail server is
complicated.so canonical host name of a mail server can be obtained by using a mail application provided by DNS.
 Load distribution
Replicated Web servers: set of IP addresses for one canonical name.some busy sites are
replicated over multiple servers by using different IP address.
DNS uses a large number of servers in a hierarchical fashion and distributed around the world.
The hierarchal architecture is given below.

Root DNS Servers

com DNS serversorg DNS serversedu DNS servers

amazon.compbs.org
yahoo.com poly.eduumass.edu
DNS serversDNS servers DNS servers
DNS servers DNS servers

Root name servers

In the internet there are 13 root DNS servers. Most of them are located in North America. They are replicated for security and
reliability purposes.
Top level domain servers

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 D. J. Sanghvi College of Engineering
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Sem VIII Internet Engineering & Network Security

This servers keep records responsible for com, org, net, edu, etc, and all top-level country domains uk, fr, ca, jp.
Authoritative servers
This is organization’s DNS servers, providing authoritative hostname to IP mappings for organization’s servers
DNS RECORDS
Four different resource records are there in DNS. Name and value stored in each record depend upon type of record. They are
following
Type=A
In this record , name is hostname and value is IP address.
Type=NS
In this record , name is domain and value is host name of authoritative DNS server for this domain.
Type=CNAME
In this record, name is alias name for some “canonical” (the real) name and value is canonical name.
Type=MX
In this record, value is canonical name of mail server that has an alias host name as NAME.

Results

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 D. J. Sanghvi College of Engineering
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Sem VIII Internet Engineering & Network Security

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 D. J. Sanghvi College of Engineering
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Sem VIII Internet Engineering & Network Security

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 D. J. Sanghvi College of Engineering
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Sem VIII Internet Engineering & Network Security

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