MindScape: Science Intervention for Students

10 Electromagnetic Wave Spectrum

Name:________________________________Grade/Section:________________

Competency:
• Compare the relative wavelengths of different forms of electromagnetic wave. (S10FE – 11a-b-47)

Specific Objective:
Compare the Electromagnetic Waves in terms of wavelength, energy and frequency.

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuum of electromagnetic waves arranged according to
frequency and wavelength. It is gradual progression from the waves of lowest frequency to highest
frequencies. According to increasing frequency, EM spectrum includes; radio waves, microwaves, infrared,
visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays. These waves do not have exact dividing section. Look
closely at the electromagnetic spectrum shown in the illustration below.

Figure 1. The Electromagnetic Spectrum

As you go from left to right, the wavelengths get smaller and the frequencies get higher. This is an
inverse relationship between wave size and frequency. (AS one goes up, the other goes down).

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN ORDER

1. Radio waves

Radio waves have the longest wavelengths of all the electromagnetic waves.They range
from around a foot long to several miles long. Radio waves are often used to transmit data
and have been used for all sorts of applications including radio and television
communication.

Radio waves have a very wide range of wavelengths and are divided into smaller
regions of wavebands and are allocated by specific law of service according to the frequency
as. Each application can be noted and observed from using Am radio broadcasting, FM radio
broadcasting, TV broadcasting and satellite communication. These specific application and
uses is governed by the frequency and wavelength as presented in the figure below. Low
frequency waves are suitable for communication over great distances. It can be affected by
curvature of the earth thus, repeater is used to extend the range. High frequency waves can
be reflected by ionosphere thus enables the waves to be transmitted over great distances. The
table below shows how bands, frequency and wavelength are arrange with specific
application.
 Table 1. Radio waves Frequencies
BAND FREQUENCY RANGE WAVELENGTH APPLICATION
RANGE
Extremely Low < 3 kHz >100 km
Frequency (ELF)
Very Low Frequency 3-30 Hz 10 -100 km
(VLF)
Low frequency (LF) 30 - 300 kHz 1-10 km Radio communication
Medium Frequency 300 kHz – 3MHz 100 -1 km Radio communication
(MF) (AM radio broadcasting)
High Frequency (HF) 3 – 30 MHz 10 – 100 m Radio communication
(AM radio broadcasting)
Very High 30 – 300 MHz 1 – 10 m Radio
Frequency(VHF) communication(FM
radio broadcasting) TV
broadcasting
Ultra High Frequency 300 MHz – 3 GHz 10 cm – 1 cm Radio communication
(UHF) (FM radio broadcasting)
TV broadcasting
Super High Frequency 3 – 30 GHz 1 – 10 cm Radio communication
(SHF) Satellite communication
Extremely High 30 – 300 GHz 1 mm – 1 cm
Frequency

2. Microwaves
Microwaves are shorter than the radio waves with wavelengths measured in
centimeters. We use microwaves to cook food, transmit information, and in radar that helps to
predict the weather. Microwaves are useful in communication because they can penetrate clouds,
smoke, and light rain.

3. Infrared
Between microwaves and visible light are infrared waves. Infrared waves are
sometimes classified as “near” infrared and “far” infrared. Near infrared waves are the waves that
are closer to visible light in wavelength. These are the infrared waves that are used in your TV
remote to change channels. Far infrared waves are further away from visible light in wavelength.
Far infrared waves are thermal and give off heat. Anything that gives off heat radiates infrared
waves. This includes the human body.

4. Visible Light
Wavelengths range from 700 nm (red light) to 30 nm (violet light) with frequencies
higher than infrared waves. These are waves in the EM spectrum that humans can see. When light
passes through a prism, it is separated into its constituent colors: the red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, indigo and violet (ROY G BIV). Violet has the highest frequency while red light has thelowest
frequency.

5. Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet waves have the next shortest wavelength after visible light. It is ultraviolet
rays from the Sun that cause sunburns. We are protected from the Sun’s ultraviolet ray by the
ozone layer.

6. X– rays
X-rays have even shorter wavelengths than ultraviolet rays. At this point in the
Electromagnetic spectrum, scientists begin to think of these rays move as a particles than waves.
X-rays were discovered by German scientist Wilhelm Roentgen. They can penetrate soft issue like
Skin and muscle and are used to take X-ray pictures of bones in medicine.

7. Gamma rays
 Gamma rays are the shortest waves in the spectrum and, as a result, have the most energy.
Gamma rays are sometimes used in treating cancer and in taking detailed images for diagnostic
medicine. Gamma rays are produced in high energy nuclear explosions and supernovas.

Application:

Directions: Compare the types of electromagnetic spectrum waves. Use symbol < if it is less
or smaller than, while > if it is greater or bigger than.
1. Radio wave is ______________ than the gamma ray in terms of wavelength.
2. Microwave is _______________ than infrared in terms of wavelength.
3. Visible light is ______________ than X-ray in terms of frequency.
4. Radio wave is _______________ than gamma ray in terms of energy.
5. Infrared is __________________ than UV in terms of wavelength.

Assessment:
Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following types of waves has the shortest wavelength?
a. Microwaves c. Ultraviolet
b. Radio waves d. X-rays

2. In the visible spectrum, which color has the longest wavelength?

a. Blue c. Red
b. Green d. violet

3. Which two waves lie at the ends of the visible spectrum?

a. Infrared and Ultraviolet rays c. Radio waves and X-rays
b. Radio waves and Microwaves d. X-rays and Gamma rays

4. Which property spells the difference between infrared and ultraviolet radiation?
a. Color c. Wavelength
b. Speed in vacuum d. None of the above

5. A wave with low frequency would have relatively __________________.

a. Low energy and long wavelength
b. Low energy and short wavelength
c. High energy and long wavelength
d. High energy and short wavelength

Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved by:

MARY LYNDIE G. BORGONIA REGIE E. BAIT-IT JENNIE T. NAVAJA

Subject Teacher, T-I Master Teacher III Subject Coordinator, HT-II

References/Source(s): Science 10 Module 3, Q2

 MindScape: Science Intervention for Students
10 Reflection and Refraction

Name:________________________________Grade/Section:________________

Competency:
• Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and magnification) of images formed by plane
and curved mirrors and lenses (SSP_S10FEIIe-f).

Specific Objective: Predict the qualitative characteristics of images formed by plane and curved mirrors and
lenses.

Reflection of Light in Mirrors

The laws of reflection state that:
1. the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal line to the reflecting surface all lie in the same
plane; and
2. the angle of incidence
is equal to the angle
of reflection.
Assessment
9Direction: Fill in the blanks in the table by finding the L-O-S-T of the images formed in different
mirrors and lenses.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

6.
 7. 8. 9.

Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by:

MARY LYNDIE G. BORGONIA REGIE E. BAIT-IT JENNIE T. NAVAJA

Subject Teacher, T-I MT- III Subject Coordinator, HT-II

References/Source(s): Science 10 Module 5, Q2

 MindScape: Science Intervention for Students
10 Uses of Mirrors and Lenses

Name:________________________________Grade/Section:________________

Competency:
• Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and lenses determine their use in optical instruments
(e.g., cameras and binoculars) ( S10FE-IIh52).
Concave Lenses and Myopia (nearsightedness) Correction

Concave lenses, such as eyeglasses and contact lenses are used in correcting
myopia (nearsightedness). Myopia is a condition in which light rays focus in front of
the eye’s retina instead of, on the retina. The result of this condition is a makes distant
object to appear blurry, while near objects appear normal.

Figure 12.2. Light rays converge in the

Figure 12.1. Light rays converge in retina. Image retrieved from:
front of the retina image retrieved https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/
from:
http://www.nei.nih.gov/healthyeyes
/eye_images/Myopia.gif
Meniscus Lenses and Hyperopia (farsightedness) Correction
Hyperopia is the eye condition that enables someone to see
distant object clearly but makes nearby object seem blurry.
This condition is due to the inability one’s eyes to focus on
objects closer to the eyes. A person with hyperopia has a
shortened eyeball, in which the retina lies closer than usual
to the cornea and lens. This disorder leads to the formation back of the retina. Image retrieved
of the image nearby object to form beyond retina. from:

Hyperopia is the opposite of myopia, another vision m/fa -sighted.html

problem that needs correction. r

To correct hyperopia, converging meniscus converging lens is used. The

converging meniscus lens converge light before it enters the eye eventually reducing
the image distance.
Assessment
Direction: Complete the synopsis below, by filling up the blank spaces with the appropriate
word/words. You may choose the words from the textbox provided. Word/words can be
used more than once, so don’t hesitate to use the word/s that you have used already.

Mirror and lenses are the tools used in studying the two main behavior of light: (1)
_______________ or the bending of light and (2) __________________ the bouncing off of light.
Mirrors come in different types. The first one is the (3) _________________, a type of mirror
with a flat surface, it produces an image flipped vertically, this is known as (4) ____________.
When mirrors are placed next to each other at a certain angle it can create more than one
images, known as (5) ________________. When mirrors are placed in (6) ______________
position, facing each other, an infinite number of images is produced. The spherical mirrors
come in two: (7) ______________ or the converging mirror and (8) _________________ the
diverging mirror.
These mirrors also function differently. A mirror which provides wider view field
making distant objects appear smaller is (9) __________________. If you want to increase the
beam that a certain source of light is radiating, you must enclose it in a (10) ______________.
Dentists also use this kind of mirror because it can magnify the teeth they are checking on,
and this makes easier for them to find the hidden cavity.
Now let us go to lenses. Like mirror, lenses also come in either convex lens, known as
(11)____________ and concave lens, which is also called (12) ________________. These lenses
are also useful to man, like how a mirror is.
 To see minute or tiny microorganisms, Scientists use (13) ____________ which has (14)
_____________. To correct a visual problem known as myopia, An eye expert known as
Optometrist would prescribe a myopic person to wear eye glasses with (15) ___________,
while for the person who sees better in a far distance, or the farsighted, a pair of eyeglasses
with (16) __________________ is used.
In our body, we do also have a natural camera with built in lenses; these are our (17)
___________. It enables us to see the world around us because it has an opening that resembles
the aperture of a camera. Natural shutters are like our (18) _____________, that opens and
shuts. The (19) ________________controls the light that enters our eyes and the photographic
film is like our (20) ____________, recording and capturing the beautiful views around us.

Prepared by:

MARY LYNDIE G. BORGONIA REGIE E. BAIT-IT JENNIE T. NAVAJA

Subject Teacher, T-I MT-III Subject Coordinator, HT-II

References/Source(s): Science 10 Module 6, Q2