BSME 1A

Menor, Harvhey Jan D.

ARTIFACT ANALYSIS
(Manunggul Jar)

This is a group activity for 3 members per group. Answer the questions briefly and
concisely. You are given a research break to accomplish this.

1) Describe Manunggul Jar as if you are describing it to somebody without a sight or

cannot see. (Describe its physical characteristics (e.g. material used, dimensions,
weight, color, etc.)
The Manunggul Jar is an ancient artifact. It is made from earthenware, a type of ceramic
material commonly used for pottery during ancient times. The jar has a unique boat-
shaped lid, symbolizing the journey of the soul to the afterlife. It measures approximately
66 centimeters in length, 33 centimeters in width, and 30 centimeters in height, with an
estimated weight of 14 kilograms. While the color of the jar and its lid may vary due to
the firing process, they likely feature earthy tones and possibly decorative elements
painted in vibrant colors. The surface of the jar may bear intricate carvings and motifs
that convey the cultural and spiritual beliefs of the ancient Filipinos.

2) When and where was the jar discovered.

Describe the archeological site:
The Manunggul Jar was discovered in 1962 during an archaeological excavation in the
Manunggul Cave on Palawan Island, Philippines. Situated on the coast, overlooking the
sea, the cave served as a burial site for ancient Filipinos. The jar was found intact within
a burial chamber, alongside other artifacts and human remains.

Circumstances of its discovery:

Dr. Robert B. Fox headed a team of archaeologists who discovered the Manunggul Jar,
which was put with care in a burial chamber inside the cave. Its preserved boat-shaped
cover suggests that it was used in ceremonial burials in the past.

3) Analyze the carvings and motifs on the jar’s lid. What do they represent, and what
insights do they provide into the beliefs and practices of the people who created it?
The carvings and motifs on the lid of the Manunggul Jar depict two figures riding a boat,
symbolizing the journey of the deceased into the afterlife. These boatmen, with
outstretched arms, guide the soul on its voyage. Reflecting the spiritual beliefs of ancient
Filipinos, the imagery suggests a belief in an afterlife and the importance of ensuring a
 safe passage for the departed. The intricate carvings also indicate the high level of artistic
skill and craftsmanship of the period.

4) How does the Manunggul Jar exemplify the artistic craftsmanship of its time
period?
The Manunggul Jar exemplifies the artistic craftsmanship of its time through its intricate
carvings, elaborate design, and meticulous attention to detail. The boat-shaped lid,
adorned with symbolic imagery, showcases the artistic skills of ancient Filipino artisans.
Its construction from earthenware, a durable and versatile material, also reflects the
technological capabilities of the period in pottery-making.

5) What can the materials used in the jar’s construction tell us about the available
resources and technological capabilities of the period?
The use of earthenware for the Manunggul Jar suggests the availability of clay resources
in the region and the technological proficiency of ancient Filipinos in pottery-making.
Earthenware was commonly used for pottery during the late Neolithic period, favored for
its versatility and suitability for artistic and functional purposes.

6) Describe the symbolism behind the imagery on the jar, particularly the
representation of the boatmen and the soul’s journey. How does it reflect the
cultural and spiritual beliefs of the ancient Filipinos?
The imagery on the Manunggul Jar, particularly the representation of the boatmen and the
soul's journey, reflects the cultural and spiritual beliefs of ancient Filipinos. The boat
symbolizes the vessel carrying the soul to the afterlife, guided by benevolent spirits or
ancestors depicted as boatmen. The imagery underscores the significance of death rituals
and beliefs in the ancient Filipino culture.

7) What does the jar reveal about burial practices and rituals during the late Neolithic
Philippines?
The Manunggul Jar provides insights into burial practices during the late Neolithic period
in the Philippines. Found within a burial chamber in the Manunggul Cave, it was likely
used as a funerary vessel to hold the remains of the deceased or offerings for the afterlife.
Its elaborate design and symbolic imagery highlight the importance of burial rituals in
ancient Filipino society and their beliefs in an afterlife.

8) Explain the conservation and preservation efforts undertaken to safeguard the

Manunggul jar, and discuss its current display location.
Efforts have been made to safeguard the Manunggul Jar and preserve its cultural heritage
value. Currently housed in the National Museum of Anthropology in Manila, the jar is
displayed as part of the museum's permanent collection. Conservation measures, such as
climate control and protective encasement, have been implemented to ensure its long-
term preservation and prevent deterioration.

9) Reflect on the significance of the Manunggul jar as a cultural treasure and its role in
promoting Filipino heritage and identity.
The Manunggul Jar is a significant cultural treasure that serves as a tangible link to the
ancient past of the Philippines. It represents the rich cultural heritage and artistic legacy
of ancient Filipino civilization, offering valuable insights into their beliefs, practices, and
artistic achievements. As a symbol of Filipino identity and heritage, the Manunggul Jar
plays a vital role in promoting cultural awareness, appreciation, and pride among
Filipinos and international audiences. Its preservation and display contribute to efforts to
celebrate and safeguard the cultural diversity and legacy of the Philippines.