‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬

‫ﺗﺻﻧﯾف ﻋﺎم ﻟﻠﻣواد‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻣﮭﯾــد ‪:‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪: .................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................. ‬‬
‫‪.............................. ‬‬
‫‪.............................. ‬‬
‫‪............................. ‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺻﺎدر اﻟﻣﺎدة ‪:‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺗﺻﻧﯾف اﻟﻣواد ‪:‬‬

‫‪. ...................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬

‫‪............‬‬ ‫‪.........‬‬ ‫‪.........‬‬ ‫‪...........‬‬

‫‪.........‬‬ ‫‪.......‬‬ ‫‪.........‬‬ ‫‪.........‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧ‬
‫ﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋ‬ ‫‪.........‬‬
‫‪........‬‬ ‫‪............‬‬
‫‪............‬‬ ‫‪.........‬‬ ‫‪........‬‬ ‫‪.........‬‬
‫‪........‬‬ ‫‪.......‬‬ ‫‪.........‬‬ ‫ي‬
‫‪...........‬‬
‫‪.........‬‬
‫‪...........‬‬ ‫‪.........‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪي‬
‫‪...........‬‬
‫‪.........‬‬
‫‪.........‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﯿﻤﯿ‬ ‫‪.........‬‬
‫ر‬

‫ﻟﻤﻄﺎط‬
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‫‪1‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻋواﻣل إﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣواد ‪:‬‬
‫‪.................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ ‬اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺎدة ‪ :‬و ﺗﺗﻣﺛل ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪......................... ‬‬
‫‪......................... ‬‬
‫‪....................... ‬‬
‫‪..................... ‬‬

‫‪ ‬اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻟﻔﯾزﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ و اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺎدة ‪ :‬و اﻟﻣﺗﻣﺛﻠﺔ ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪.......................... ‬‬
‫‪.......................... ‬‬
‫‪......................... ‬‬
‫‪.................... ‬‬
‫‪...، ................ ،............. ) ................................ ‬اﻟﺦ (‬

‫‪ ‬اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻟﺗﻔﻌﯾﻠﯾﺔ ‪ :‬و ھﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪...................... ‬‬
‫‪...................... ‬‬
‫‪...................... ‬‬
‫‪.................................................. ‬‬

‫‪ ‬اﻟﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻹﻗﺗﺻﺎدﯾﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪.................... ‬‬
‫‪.................... ‬‬
‫‪................... ‬‬
‫‪....................... ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺿروف ﻋﻣل اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪......................... ‬‬
‫‪............................ ‬‬

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‫‪2‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫اﻟﻣواد اﻟﻣﻌدﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺗﻌرﯾف‪:‬‬
‫ھﻲ ﻛل اﻟﻣﻌﺎدن اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣﺗوي ﻓﻲ ﺗرﻛﯾﺑﮭﺎ ………………………………………‬
‫‪. ……………………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫‪ .2‬اﻷزھﺎر‪:‬‬
‫……………………………………………………………………………‬
‫‪ 1.2‬ﻣﺑدأ اﻹﻋداد‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺗم إﻋداد اﻷزھﺎر ‪………………………….....................‬‬
‫‪…………………………………………………….....‬‬

‫ﺗﺣﺿﯾر اﻟﺧﺎم‬ ‫ﻓرن ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫زھر اﻧﺻﮭﺎر أول‬

‫ﻓﺣم اﻟﻛوك‬ ‫…………‬ ‫…………‬

‫ﻗﺎطرة اﻟﺷﺣن‬ ‫…………‬ ‫‪……….‬‬
‫‪….‬‬
‫زھر ﻏرا ﻓﺗﻲ ‪…….‬‬ ‫‪…………..‬‬
‫…………‬
‫زھر ﻏرا ﻓﺗﻲ ‪…….‬‬ ‫‪….‬‬
‫…………‬
‫…………‬
‫زھر طوﻗﻲ……………‬ ‫‪……..‬‬
‫زھر طوﻗﻲ ……………‬ ‫‪………..‬‬ ‫‪ 2.2‬ﻣﺧﺗﻠف اﻷزھﺎر‪:‬‬
‫……………………‬
‫‪……………………………………………………………………..‬‬ ‫ﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬
‫‪.……………………………………………………………………..‬‬
‫‪…………………………………..‬‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻻت‬
‫‪ENGJL 100‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬
‫ﺗﻌﯾﯾن‬
‫‪……………………… : ENGJL 100‬‬
‫ﺷرح‬
‫‪………………………………. : 100‬‬
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‫‪3‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫………………………‬
‫…………………………………………………………………………‬ ‫ﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬
‫‪.………………………………………………………………………..‬‬
‫………………………………………………………‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻻت‬
‫‪ENGJS 400-18‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬
‫‪: ENGJS‬زھر ﻏراﻓﯾﺗﻲ ﻛروي‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯾﯾن‬
‫‪……………………………………..: 400‬‬ ‫ﺷرح‬
‫‪………………………………………. :18‬‬
‫‪……………………….‬‬
‫‪…………………………………………………………………………….‬‬ ‫ﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬
‫……………………………………………………………………………‬
‫………………………………………………………‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻻت‬
‫‪ENGJMW350-4‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬
‫‪: ENGJMW‬زھر طروﻗﻲ ﺑﻠب أﺑﯾض‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯾﯾن‬
‫‪………………………………..: 350‬‬ ‫ﺷرح‬
‫‪…………………………………… :4‬‬
‫‪…………………….‬‬
‫‪………………………………………………………………………….‬‬ ‫ﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬
‫‪…………………………………………………………………………..‬‬
‫‪……………………………………………………..‬‬ ‫اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻻت‬
‫‪ENGJMB 300-6‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬
‫‪: ENGJMB‬زھر طروﻗﻲ ﻟب أﺳود‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯾﯾن‬
‫‪………………………………….: 300‬‬ ‫ﺷرح‬
‫‪……………………………………… :6‬‬
‫‪ .1‬اﻷﺻﻼب‪:‬‬
‫‪………………………………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫‪ 1.3‬أﻧواع اﻷﺻﻼب‪:‬‬
‫اﻷﺻﻼب‬

‫‪……….‬‬ ‫…………‬ ‫‪………..‬‬

‫‪……..‬‬
‫……………………‬ ‫‪…………...….‬‬
‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪ S‬أو ‪E‬‬
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‫‪4‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫إﻋداد اﻷﺻﻼب‪:‬‬
‫‪…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..‬‬

‫ﻓرن ﺑﺎﻷﻛﺳﺟﯾن‬ ‫ﻓرن ﺑﺎﻷﻛﺳﺟﯾن‬

‫ﺧردة ﻣﺳﺗﻌﺎدة‬
‫زھر ﻣﻧﺻﮭر‬
‫زھر ﻣﻧﺻﮭر‬

‫ﻣﻌدن ﻣﻧﺻﮭر‬
‫ﻗطب ﻛﮭرﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺻﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻋﺎم‬

‫ھواء ﻣﻧﻔوخ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪11‬‬
‫ﺻﻠﺐ ﺧﺎص‬

‫‪ ‬اﻟﻣﺑدأ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ‬اﻟﻣﺑدأ‪:‬‬
‫‪………………………………… ‬‬ ‫…………………………………‬
‫‪…………………………………. ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬اﻷﺻﻼب اﻟﻣﺣﺻل ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻷﺻﻼب اﻟﻣﺣﺻل ﻋﻠﯾﮭﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫٭ ﺻﻠب ﻟﻼﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل اﻟﻌﺎم ‪S‬‬
‫٭ ﺻﻠب ﺿﻌﯾف اﻟﻣزج‬ ‫٭ ﺻﻠب ﻟﻺﻧﺷﺎء اﻟﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﻲ ‪E‬‬
‫٭ ﺻﻠب ﻗوي اﻟﻣزج‬ ‫٭ ﺻﻠب ﻟﻠﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارﯾﺔ ‪C‬‬
‫٭ ﺻﻠب ﻟﻠﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارﯾﺔ ‪C‬‬

‫……………………‬
‫…………………………………………………………………………‬ ‫ﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬
‫‪………………………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫………………………………………………………………………‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫‪S 235‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬
‫‪…………………………… : S‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯾﯾن‬
‫‪………………………….. : 235‬‬ ‫ﺷرح‬
‫‪………………………………………………………….‬‬
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‫‪5‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬

‫…………………………‬
‫…‬
‫‪………………………………………………………………………….‬‬ ‫ﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬
‫‪………………………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫‪………………………………………………………………..‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫‪GE 335‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬
‫‪……………………………… : G‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯾﯾن‬
‫‪………………………………. : E‬‬ ‫ﺷرح‬
‫‪…………………………….. : 335‬‬
‫‪………………………….‬‬
‫………………………………………………………………………‬ ‫ﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬

‫‪………………………………………………….‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫‪C 35‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬
‫‪……………………………………………. : C‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯾﯾن‬
‫‪………………………………………….. : 35‬‬ ‫ﺷرح‬
‫‪……………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫‪…………………….‬‬

‫‪………………………………………………………………………….‬‬ ‫ﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬
‫‪………………………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫‪………………………………………………………..‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺔ‪:‬اﻟرﻗم اﻟذي ﯾﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌد اﻟﺣروف ﻓﮭو‬

‫‪35 NiCrMo 16‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬
‫ﯾﻧﺎﺳب ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻر اﻟﻣﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺿروﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.………………..: 35‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯾﯾن‬
‫‪1000،100،10،4‬ﺣﺳب ﺗرﺗﯾب ﺗﻧﺎزﻟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪.…………….. : Ni‬‬ ‫ﺷرح‬
‫×‪1000‬‬ ‫×‪100‬‬ ‫×‪10‬‬ ‫×‪4‬‬
‫‪………………….: Cr‬‬
‫‪Al, Mo,Cu‬‬ ‫‪Cr,Co,‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫‪Ce,N,‬‬
‫‪Nb,Pb,Ta‬‬ ‫‪Mn,Ni‬‬
‫‪……………….. : Mo‬‬
‫‪P,S‬‬
‫‪Ti,Va,Zr‬‬ ‫‪Si,W‬‬ ‫‪………………. : 16‬‬ ‫……………………‬

‫‪……………………………………………………………………….‬‬ ‫ﺧﺻﺎﺋص‬
‫…………………………………………………………………………‬
‫‪………………………………………………………..‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫‪ X 6 CrNiTi 18-11‬ﺣﯾث ‪…………………….: X‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬
‫‪……………...….. : Ti‬‬ ‫‪…………………… : 6‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯾﯾن‬
‫‪…………………. :18‬‬ ‫‪……………………: Cr‬‬ ‫ﺷرح‬
‫‪………………… : 11‬‬ ‫‪…………………….: Ni‬‬
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‫‪6‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺗﻌرﯾف‪:‬‬
‫ھﻲ اﻟﻣﻌﺎدن اﻟﺗﻲ …………………………………………………………‪…….‬‬
‫‪………………………………………………………………………………………..‬‬

‫‪ .2‬أھم اﻟﻣﻌﺎدن اﻟﻐﯾر ﺣدﯾدﯾﺔ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﺣﺪﯾﺪﯾﺔ‬

‫‪……..‬‬ ‫‪……………….‬‬ ‫………………‬

‫‪……..‬‬
‫………‬
‫‪...…….‬‬
‫‪ .3‬اﻷﻟﻣﻧﯾوم‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1.3‬اﻟﺧﺎم‪ :‬اﻟﺧﺎم اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ ﻟﻸﻟﻣﻧﯾوم ھو‪……………… :‬‬
‫‪ 2.3‬ﻣﺑدأ اﻹﻋداد‪:‬‬

‫…………‬ ‫‪…………….‬‬ ‫‪…………..‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺗﺤﻀﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﻲ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺪأ ھﻮ………………‬ ‫٭ ………………‪.‬‬
‫………………………‬ ‫٭ ‪………………..‬‬
‫………………………‬ ‫٭ …………………‬
‫………………………‬ ‫٭ ‪...........................‬‬
‫……………‬ ‫٭ ‪………………..‬‬
‫٭ ‪……………….‬‬

‫‪ 3.3‬ﺧﺻﺎﺋص رﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ‪:‬‬

‫٭ ……………………………………………………………‬
‫‪……………….‬‬
‫٭ ……………………………………………………………‬ ‫اﯾﺟﺎﺑﯾﺎت‬
‫……………………………………………………………‬
‫٭ ……………………………………………………………‬

‫…………………………………………………………‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺑﯾـﻠت‬

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‫‪7‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪ 4.3‬ﻣﺧﺗﻠف اﻷﺻﻧﺎف‪:‬‬
‫‪……………..‬‬

‫……………‬
‫‪………….‬‬ ‫‪………..‬‬

‫٭ ‪………………….‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫٭ ………………………‬

‫٭ ‪………………….‬‬ ‫٭ ﺗﻌﯾﯾن رﻗﻣﻲ‪EN AW-1050 :‬‬ ‫‪……………………….‬‬
‫٭ ‪………………….‬‬ ‫٭ ………………………‬
‫٭ ‪………………….‬‬ ‫٭ ﺗﻌﯾﯾن ﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫‪Al 99,5‬‬ ‫٭ ………………………‬
‫٭ ‪…………………….‬‬ ‫ﺣﯾث ‪:‬‬
‫‪………………… : Al‬‬
‫‪……………… : 99.5‬‬

‫اﻷﻟﻣﻧﯾوم اﻟﻣطروق‬

‫اﺳـﺗﻌﻣـﺎل‬ ‫ﺗـﻌـﯾﯾن‬ ‫ﺧﺻـﺎﺋص‬

‫٭ ‪…………….‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫٭ ‪………………………….‬‬

‫٭ ‪……………..‬‬ ‫٭ ﺗﻌﯾﯾن رﻗﻣﻲ‪EN AW-5086 :‬‬ ‫٭ ……………………………‬
‫٭ ‪……………..‬‬ ‫‪…………………………….‬‬
‫٭ ‪……………..‬‬ ‫٭ ﺗﻌﯾﯾن ﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Al Mg 4‬‬ ‫٭ ……………………………‬
‫٭ ‪……………..‬‬ ‫ﺣﯾث ‪:‬‬ ‫‪…………………………..‬‬
‫‪……………… : Al‬‬ ‫٭ ‪…………………….‬‬
‫‪……………… : Mg‬‬
‫‪……………… : 4‬‬

‫اﻷﻟﻣﻧﯾوم اﻟﻣﺳﺑوك‬

‫اﺳـﺗﻌﻣـﺎل‬ ‫ﺗـﻌـﯾﯾن‬ ‫ﺧﺻـﺎﺋص‬

‫٭ ‪…………….‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫٭ ‪………………………….‬‬

‫٭ ‪……………..‬‬ ‫٭ ﺗﻌﯾﯾن رﻗﻣﻲ‪EN AC-45400 :‬‬ ‫٭ ……………………………‬
‫٭ ‪……………..‬‬ ‫‪…………………………….‬‬
‫٭ ‪……………..‬‬ ‫٭ ﺗﻌﯾﯾن ﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ ‪AlSi5Cu3 :‬‬ ‫٭ ……………………………‬
‫٭ ‪……………..‬‬ ‫ﺣﯾث ‪……………… : Al :‬‬ ‫‪…………………………..‬‬
‫‪………………. : Si‬‬ ‫٭ ‪…………………….‬‬
‫‪………………. : 5‬‬
‫‪……………… :Cu‬‬
‫‪…………….. : 3‬‬

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‫‪8‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪ .4‬اﻟﻧﺣـﺎس‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1.4‬اﻟﺧﺎم ‪........................................... :‬ﺟدا‪.‬ﻓﮭو ﯾﺗواﺟد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل‪:‬‬
‫‪................................ ‬‬
‫‪................................ ‬‬
‫‪ 2.4‬ﻣﺑدأ اﻹﻋداد‪:‬‬

‫‪Cu-OF‬‬
‫ﺗﺟﻔﯾف‬ ‫ﺗرﺳﯾب‬ ‫ﺳﺣق ﺗرﺷﯾﺢ‬ ‫ﻛﺳر‬ ‫ﻏرﺑﻠﺔ‬
‫اﺛراء‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧراج‬
‫‪Cu-OFE‬‬

‫‪Cu-ETP‬‬
‫‪Cu-DLP‬‬
‫‪Cu-FRT‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣﺎت ﻛﺒﺮﯾﺘﯿﺔ‬
‫‪................................. ‬‬
‫‪................................. ‬‬
‫‪.................................... ‬‬
‫‪.................................... ‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫‪........................................ ‬‬
‫‪............................................. ‬‬

‫‪..................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜـﺘــﻞ‬

‫‪............................................................. ‬‬
‫‪. ......‬‬
‫‪............................................................ ‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺣﺮارﯾﺔ‬
‫‪.......................‬‬
‫‪.................................................... ‬‬

‫‪...............................................‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﺎس ﺑﻠﯿﺴﺘﯿﺮي‬

‫‪....................................... ‬‬
‫‪...................................... ‬‬
‫‪................................................ ‬‬
‫‪.................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫‪............................................................ ‬‬
‫‪.......................... .............‬‬
‫‪................................................ ‬‬
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‫ﻧﺤﺎس ﺻﺎﻓﻲ‬
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‫‪9‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪ 3.3‬ﺧﺻﺎﺋص رﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪.................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪ 4.3‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻷﺻﻨﺎف‪:‬‬

‫‪……….‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫……………‬
‫…‬
‫…………‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪…………….‬‬
‫…‬
‫…………‬ ‫=‬
‫‪…………..‬‬
‫…‬
‫‪…………….‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪…………..‬‬
‫…………‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪…………….‬‬
‫…‬

‫‪………………………….‬‬

‫اﺳـﺗﻌﻣـﺎل‬ ‫ﺗـﻌـﯾﯾن‬ ‫ﺧﺻـﺎﺋص‬

‫٭ ‪................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫٭ ‪...................................‬‬
‫٭ ‪..............................‬‬ ‫‪CR 004 A‬‬ ‫٭ ﺗﻌﯾﯾن رﻗﻣﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫٭ ‪.....................‬‬
‫٭ ‪........................‬‬ ‫٭ ‪........................‬‬
‫‪Cu-ETTP‬‬ ‫٭ ﺗﻌﯾﯾن ﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﯾث ‪:‬‬
‫‪………. R.‬‬
‫‪………………. : Cu‬‬
‫‪………………. : E‬‬

‫……………………………‬

‫اﺳـﺗﻌﻣـﺎل‬ ‫ﺗـﻌـﯾﯾن‬ ‫ﺧﺻـﺎﺋص‬

‫٭ ‪...............................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺛﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫٭ ‪..............................‬‬
‫٭ ‪...............................‬‬ ‫‪CC 750 S‬‬ ‫٭ ﺗﻌﯾﯾن رﻗﻣﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫٭ ‪.....................................‬‬
‫٭ ‪................................‬‬ ‫٭ ‪.....................................‬‬
‫٭ ﺗﻌﯾﯾن ﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﻲ ‪Cu Zn 36 Pb 3‬‬
‫ﺣﯾث ‪:‬‬
‫‪……….:Pb - : Cu ………..‬‬
‫‪……………3 …….. :Zn‬‬
‫‪……………………: 36‬‬
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‫‪10‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬

‫اﻟﻠﺪاﺋﻦ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺗــﻌرﯾـــف ‪:‬‬
‫‪..........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................‬‬
‫‪ /1-1‬اﳌﺎدة اﻟﺼﻤﻐﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪................................................................................... ..............‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ /2-1‬ﻣـﻮاد ﻣﺴـﺎﻋﺪة ) ﻣﻘﻮﻳـﺔ (‪:‬‬

‫‪.......................................................................... ...........................‬‬
‫‪.......................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ /3-1‬ﻣﻮاد اﳌﻀﺎﻓـﺔ ) ﻣﻜﻤﻠﺔ (‪:‬‬

‫‪.........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.......................................................................................... ..............‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺧﺻﺎﺋص اﻟﻠداﺋـن ‪:‬‬

‫ا‪.................................................................................... -‬‬
‫ب‪................................................................................... -‬‬
‫ج‪.................................. ................................................ -‬‬
‫د ‪..................................... ................................................ -‬‬
‫ه ‪............................................................................................ -‬‬

‫‪www.beziou.co.vu‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺳﻠﺑﯾﺎت اﻟﻠداﺋـن ‪:‬‬

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‫‪11‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫ا‪...............................................ّ.......... ...................................... -‬‬
‫ب‪.............................................................................................. -‬‬
‫ج‪................................................................................................ -‬‬
‫د‪................................................................................................ -‬‬

‫‪ -4‬أﻧــواع اﻟﻠداﺋـن ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1 -4‬اﻟﻠداﺋـن اﻟﺣرارﯾﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪.......................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎل اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‪.......................................................................... :‬‬

‫‪ 2-4‬اﻟﻠداﺋـن اﻟﺻﻠدة‪:‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................... ....................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎل اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ‪................................................................................... :‬‬

‫‪ 3-4‬اﻟﻠداﺋـن اﻟﻣطﺎطﯾﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎل اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ‪.................................................................................... :‬‬

‫‪........................................ .............................................................................................................................‬‬

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‫‪12‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺗــﻌـﺮﯾـــﻒ‪:‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪: .................................‬‬
‫ا‪ /‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮ داﻋﻢ ‪....................................................................................:‬‬
‫ب‪ /‬ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻗﺎﻋﺪي‬
‫‪.................................................................................. .................:‬‬
‫‪.................................................................... ...................................‬‬

‫‪ -2‬اﻷﻣـﺜـﻠـﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ا ‪.......................................................................... /‬‬
‫ب ‪......................................................................... /‬‬

‫‪ -3‬طﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﻣـﺎدة اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ا‪......................................... -‬‬
‫ب‪........................................ -‬‬
‫ج‪......................................... -‬‬

‫‪ -4‬طﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﻣـﺎدة اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟـﻘــﺎﻋـﺪﯾـﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ا‪.......................................... -‬‬
‫ب‪......................................... -‬‬
‫ج‪......................................... -‬‬

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‫‪13‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ذات أﺷﻜﺎل ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﺘﻔﺎوت ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺘﻌﻘﻴﺪ ﻟﺘﺄدﻳﺔ و ﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫………………………………………………………………………………‬
‫…………………………………………………………………………‬
‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻻﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺼﻮر ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﳊﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎل ﻫﺬﻩ اﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎت‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪ‬
‫‪ -3‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪:‬‬
‫* ‪…………………………..‬‬
‫* ‪………………………….‬‬
‫* ……………………………‬

‫‪ -1-2‬اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺐ أو اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬

‫‪………………………………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫…………………………………………………………………………‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮق ﳒﺪ‪:‬‬
‫* ‪……………………………………….‬‬
‫* ‪…………………………………………..‬‬

‫‪ -2-2‬اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ‬
‫‪……………………………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫‪ …………………………………………………………..‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ اﻟﻄﺮق ﳒﺪ‪:‬‬
‫* ‪…………… * ………… * ………… * ………… * ………….‬‬

‫‪ -3-2‬اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺑﻨﺰع اﻟﻤﺎدة‬

‫‪………………………………………………………………………………..‬‬
‫………………………………………………………………………………‬

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‫‪14‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ‬
‫‪ /1‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫ﻲ ﻫﻨﺎك اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل واﺳﻊ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﻊ ذات اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﳌﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﱵ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻌﻬﺎ أو ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﻟﺬا‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ إﻧﺘﺎج ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﳊﺼﻮل اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪/2‬اﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪………………………………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫‪،……………………………………………………………………………………..‬‬
‫…………………………………………………………………………… ‪.‬‬
‫‪/3‬أﻧــﻮاع اﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 1 - 3‬اﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﻞ ) ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻏﯿﺮ داﺋﻢ ( ‪:‬‬

‫…………………………………………………………………………………‬
‫‪……………………………………………………………………………………..‬‬
‫‪. ………………………………………………………………………………..‬‬

‫‪.…………………………………………………………………………………..‬‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺘﻼﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﮭﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ‪ +‬اﻟﺰواﺋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪3‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪2‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪1‬‬

‫ﻣــﺒﺪأ اﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟـﺮﻣــﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ – 1‬اﻟﺮﻣﻞ ‪. ………………………………………………………………… :‬‬
‫‪ –2‬اﻟﻄﻴﻦ ‪. …………………………………………………………………….. :‬‬
‫‪ –3‬اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ‪. ……………………………………………………………………. :‬‬
‫‪ –4‬اﻟﻌـﺘـﺎد ‪…………………………………………………………………….. :‬‬
‫‪……………………………………………………………………………..‬‬

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‫‪15‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪/2 -3‬اﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸـﻤـﻊ اﻟﻤﻔﻘــﻮد) ﻏﯿﺮ داﺋﻤﺔ ( ‪:‬‬
‫…………………………………………………………………………………‬
‫‪. …………………………………………………………………………………..‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻌﺪ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪4‬‬

‫اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣــﻞ‬

‫ﻣــﺒﺪأ اﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒـﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻔﻘــﻮد‬

‫‪.………………………………………………………………..‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪. …………………………………………………………………..‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫……………………………………………………………………… ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪. …………………………………………………………………………….‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬
‫‪. …………………………………………………………………………. -5‬‬
‫‪.…………………………………………………………………….. -6‬‬
‫‪………………………………………………………………………….. -7‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪.…………………………………………………………………………. :‬‬
‫‪/3 -3‬اﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ) ﻗﻮاﻟﺐ داﺋﻤﺔ ( ‪:‬‬
‫……………………………………………………………………………………‬
‫………………………………………………………………………………… ‪.‬‬

‫* اﻟﻤﺒﺪأ‪:‬‬

‫‪………………………………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫‪……………………………………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫………………………………………………………………………………………‬
‫……………………………………………………………………………………‬
‫……‪………………………………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫……………………………………………‪:‬‬
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‫‪16‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪ 1-3-3‬اﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪…………………………………………………………………………………..‬‬
‫……………………………………………………………………………………‬
‫‪ 2-3-3‬اﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ‪:‬‬

‫‪………………………………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫…………………………………………………………………………………‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪. …………………………………………………………………….. :‬‬

‫اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺮى ﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻐﺎزات‬

‫أ ‪ -‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﺰﻋﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪6‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬

‫ﻣﻜﺒﺲ‬

‫ب‪ -‬اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ اﻹﻟﺘﺼﺎق‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺎزع اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻮك‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪7‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪5‬‬

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‫‪17‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‬
‫‪ -/1‬ﺗﻣﮭﯾد‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧرج اﻟﻣﻌﺎدن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻣوم ﻣن اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺟم‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎﻟﺞ ھذه اﻷﺧﯾرة ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺎ و ﺣرارﯾﺎ ﺛم ﺗﺣول إﻟﻰ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎت‬
‫ﺗﺟﺎرﯾﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻛﻣﺎ ھﻲ أو ﺗﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﻗطﻊ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻟﯾب ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -/2‬أﺳﺎﻟﯾب اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎت‪:‬‬
‫ﺗوﺟد ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺳﺎﻟﯾب أﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎت‪:‬‬
‫* ‪..........................‬‬
‫* ‪..........................‬‬
‫* ‪..........................‬‬
‫‪ -/1-2‬اﻟﺗﺷﻛﯾل اﻟداﺋم‪:‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪:......................................................‬‬
‫* ‪.....................‬‬
‫* ‪.....................‬‬
‫* ‪.....................‬‬
‫* ‪......................‬‬
‫* ‪......................‬‬

‫اﻟــــﺪرﻓـــــﻠــــﺔ‬
‫‪ -/1‬ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺪرﻓﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪......................................................................... :‬‬
‫‪ -/1-1‬اﻟﺪرﻓﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪......................................................‬‬
‫‪B1‬‬
‫‪......................................................‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫‪H1‬‬ ‫‪.....................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪ -/2-1‬اﻟﺪرﻓﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد‪:‬‬
‫‪،...........................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................‬‬
‫* ‪:...............................................................................‬‬
‫ا‪........................................................................................ -/‬‬
‫ب‪......................................................................................-/‬‬
‫ج‪.......................................................................................-/‬‬
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‫‪18‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬

‫‪ -/3- 2- 1‬اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺪرﻓﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫ب‪ -‬ﺗﺸﻜﯿﻞ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن‪:‬‬ ‫أ‪ -‬اﻟﺪراﻓﯿﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪-2 -‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪-1 -‬‬

‫ﺻﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﮭﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺒﺎﻛﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة‬

‫اﻟﺘﻘﻄﯿﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﻧﺼﻒ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬

‫ﻧﺰع اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺘﻮﺟﺎت ﻧﺼﻒ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﺨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرﻓﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪-3 -‬‬

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‫‪19‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬

‫اﻟﺤـــﺪادة‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‪:‬‬
‫‪...........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................‬‬

‫أ( اﻟﺤــﺪادة اﻟﯿـﺪوﯾــﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..........................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﺜــﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪FER A CHEVAL‬‬
‫ب( اﻟﺤــﺪادة اﻟﻤﯿﻜــﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿــﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ . ..............................................................‬أﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪. (1‬‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜــﻞ )‪(1‬‬

‫ج( اﻟﺤــﺪادة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘــﺎﻟﺐ‪:‬‬

‫‪...........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ . .......................................................‬اﻧﻈـﺮ اﻟﺸﻜــﻞ )‪.(2‬‬

‫ﻧـﺰع اﻷﺷﻜـﺎل اﻟﺰاﺋـﺪة‬

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‫‪20‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬

‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﺑﻨﺰع اﻟﻤﺎدة‬

‫‪ *1‬ﺗﻣﮭﯾد ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧرج اﻟﻣﻌﺎدن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻣوم ﻣن اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺟم‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺎ و ﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺎ و ﺣرارﯾﺎ ﺛم ﺗﺣول إﻟﻰ ﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎت ﺗﺟﺎرﯾﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻛﻣﺎ ھﻲ أو ﺗﺻﻧﻊ ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﻗطﻊ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻟﯾب ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ و ﺗوﺟد ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺳﺎﻟﯾب أﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ھﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫* ﺑﺎﻟﺗﺷﻛﯾل اﻟداﺋم )ﺗم دراﺳﺗﮭﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫* ﺑﺎﻟﺻب )ﺗم دراﺳﺗﮭﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫* ﺑﻧزع اﻟﻣﺎدة‪.‬‬
‫‪ *2‬اﻟﺗﺷﻛﯾل ﺑﻧزع اﻟﻣﺎدة‪ :‬ﯾﻬدف اﻟﺗﺷﻛﯾل ﺑﻧزع اﻟﻣﺎدة ) ﺟدادة ( إﻟﻰ ﺗوﻟﯾد ﺳطوح ذات أﺷﻛﺎل ﻫﻧدﺳﯾﺔ و‬
‫أﺑﻌﺎد دﻗﯾﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗطﻊ ﻣﯾﻛﺎﻧﯾﻛﯾﺔ ﻋن طرﯾق اﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎل آﻻت ﺗﺻﻧﯾﻊ وأدوات ﻗطﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ *3‬ﻣﺑدأ ﺗوﻟﯾد اﻟﺳطوح‪........................................................................... :‬‬
‫‪. ...................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻر اﻟﻣوﻟدة‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺳﺎﻟﯾب اﻟﺗﺷﻛﯾل ﺑﻧزع اﻟﻣﺎدة‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻر اﻟﻣوﻟدة ﻟﻠﺳطوح ﻫﻲ ‪. ...................................................... :‬‬

‫ﺣرﻛﺔ اﻻﺧﺗراق‬ ‫ﺣرﻛﺔ اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ‬

‫‪ Mc‬ﺣرﻛﺔ اﻟﻘطﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺳطوح اﻟﻣوﻟدة‬
‫‪Mp‬‬ ‫‪Ma‬‬
‫ﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺔ‬
‫أﺳطواﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫‪...............................‬‬ ‫‪..............................‬‬ ‫‪.............‬‬
‫ﻣﺧروطﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟوﻟﺑﯾﺔ‬
‫‪...................‬‬
‫‪..................‬‬
‫أﺳطواﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫‪................‬‬
‫‪...............................‬‬ ‫‪...............................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺧروطﯾﺔ‬
‫‪..............‬‬
‫ﻟوﻟﺑﯾﺔ‬
‫‪...............‬‬
‫‪..............................‬‬ ‫‪............................‬‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺔ‬
‫‪..............‬‬
‫ﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺔ‬
‫‪..............................‬‬
‫‪............................‬‬ ‫‪..............‬‬ ‫أﺳطواﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫‪............................‬‬
‫ﻟوﻟﺑﯾﺔ‬
‫‪................‬‬ ‫‪...............‬‬ ‫أﺳطواﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫‪.............................‬‬ ‫‪.............................‬‬
‫‪...............‬‬ ‫‪...............‬‬ ‫ﻟوﻟﺑﯾﺔ‬
‫‪.................‬‬ ‫أﺳطواﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫‪..............................‬‬‫‪............................. ...............‬‬
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‫‪21‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬

‫اﻟﺨﺮاﻃﺔ‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺨﺮاﻃﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﺨﺮاﻃﺔ‪................................................................................... .... :‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................................‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﻤﺨﺮﻃﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻣﻤﻴﺰات اﻵﻟﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪ . 1‬ﻋﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺪوران‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ . 2‬ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺪوران‬
‫‪ . 3‬اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ .4‬اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺞ )ﺣﺎﻣﻞ اﻷداة(‬
‫‪ .5‬اﻟﺬﻧﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫‪ .6‬اﻟﻐﺮاب اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪ .7‬ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺨﺮاطﺔ ﻹﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﻠﻮﻟﺒﺔ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪ .8‬اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪ .9‬ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺨﺮاطﺔ‬
‫‪ .10‬ﻋﻠﺒﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺪم‬
‫‪ .11‬اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺪوران‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﻞ اﻷداة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻶﻟﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪..................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................‬‬
‫‪........................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬ ‫‪.................................................................‬‬

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‫‪22‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮاطﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أﺷﻜﺎل ﺧﺎرﺟﯿﺔ وأﺷﻜﺎل داﺧﻠﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ‪.........................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.............................................................‬‬
‫اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ‪............................................................................................................... :‬‬

‫رﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫رﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬

‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺠﺰة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺠﺰة‬
‫أداة ‪ /‬ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫أداة ‪ /‬ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬

‫‪Mc‬‬ ‫ﺧــــﺮط طـــﻮﻟـــــﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫‪Mc‬‬ ‫ﺗـﺴـﻮﯾـــﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ھﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ھﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ إﻧﺠﺎز‬
‫‪.................................‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫أﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪة ﻣﻊ‬
‫إﻧﺠﺎز أﺷﻜﺎل أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪.................................‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪم اﻷداة ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻮازي‬ ‫‪Ma‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل أداة‬
‫‪Mp .................................‬‬
‫‪Ma‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﻮر دوران اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻮﯾﺔ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪............................‬‬‫‪.....‬‬
‫‪Mp‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪Mc‬‬ ‫ﻋـﻨـﻖ ﺧـﺎرﺟـﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺧـﺮط طـﻮﻟﻲ ﺑـﺈﺳﻨـﺎد‪:‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫ھﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪Mc‬‬ ‫ھﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ‬
‫‪...............................‬‬
‫إﻧﺠﺎز ﻣﺠﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫إﻧﺠﺎز أﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺔ‬
‫‪...............................‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﻖ ﺗﻘﺪم اﻷداة ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪة ﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬
‫‪...............................‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوران ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل أداة ﺳﻜﯿﻦ‬
‫‪...............................‬‬
‫‪Ma‬‬ ‫‪Mp‬‬
‫‪Ma‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪Mc‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻟﺒﮫ ﺧـﺎرﺟـﯿــﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪Mc‬‬ ‫ﺗـﻘـﻄـﯿــﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫ھﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪...............................‬‬
‫ھﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﻊ‬
‫إﻧﺠﺎز ﻟﻮﻟﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪...............................‬‬
‫اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺰﺋﯿﻦ ‪،‬‬
‫أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺄداة ﺗﺪﻋﻰ‬ ‫‪...............................‬‬
‫‪Ma‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪم اﻷداة ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻊ‬
‫أداة ﻟﻮﻟﺒﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪...............................‬‬
‫‪Ma‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوران ‪.‬‬
‫‪Mp‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺗـﺠـﻮﯾــﻒ‪:‬‬ ‫‪Mc‬‬ ‫ﺗـﺜـﻘـﯿــﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪Mc‬‬ ‫‪Ma‬‬ ‫‪Ma‬‬
‫ھﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺧﺮط داﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪...............................‬‬
‫ھﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺗﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ ﺗﻜﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﺜﻘﺐ‬ ‫‪...............................‬‬
‫إﻧﺠﺎز ﺛﻘﺐ ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻮر اﻷداة‬
‫وﺗﺸﺒﮫ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﻘﯿﺐ‬ ‫‪...............................‬‬
‫ﻣﻮازي ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬
‫‪Mp‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل أداة ﺗﺠﻮﯾﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫‪...................‬‬
‫ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‪ :‬ﻣﺜﻘﺎب‪.‬‬ ‫‪...........‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻨﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Mc‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺶ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋـﻨـﻖ داﺧـﻠﻲ )ﺗﺒﯿﯿﺖ(‪:‬‬
‫‪Mc‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫ھﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺗﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ‬ ‫‪Ma‬‬ ‫ھﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺧﺮط داﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪...............................‬‬
‫‪Mp‬‬ ‫إﻧﺠﺎز أو طﺒﻊ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﮭﺪف إﻟﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﯿﻊ ﻗﻄﺮ‬
‫‪...............................‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪Ma‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻮﯾﻒ ﺑﺄداة ﻋﻨﻖ‬
‫‪...............................‬‬
‫ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ أداة اﻟﺘﺨﺮﯾﺶ‪.‬‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪..............................‬‬‫‪.‬‬

‫‪www.beziou.co.vu‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﺷﺮوط اﻟﻘﻄـــــــﻊ‪:‬‬

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 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬

‫‪ -/1.5‬اﺧﺘﯿﺎر أداة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪:‬‬

‫ھﻨﺪﺳﺔ أداة اﻟﺨﺮاطﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪......................... :γ‬‬ ‫‪. ............................. : β‬‬ ‫‪............................... :α‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﯿﺪ ﻟﻠﺠﺬاذة ﯾﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪. ................. - ............................................ -‬‬ ‫‪......................... -‬‬ ‫‪.................... -‬‬

‫‪ -/2.5‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪( m/min ) ...................................................................................................... : VC‬‬
‫‪.1000‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪π .D‬‬

‫‪( tr /min) ....................................................................................................... : N‬‬

‫‪ - /3.5‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﺮة‪:‬‬
‫‪ .................................... : p‬ﺑــ ) ‪. ..................................................................... ( mm‬‬
‫‪.............................................................................................................. : A‬‬
‫‪A  N .a‬‬
‫‪......................................................................................................... : a‬‬

‫‪ -/4.5‬زﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ............................... : L‬ﺑــ ) ‪.................... : Tt ( mm‬‬
‫‪Tt  L/A‬‬

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‫‪24‬‬
 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﺑﻨﺰع اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫‪ /1‬اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﺰ )‪:(Fraisage‬‬
‫‪.................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ / 2‬آﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﺰ )‪: (Fraiseuse‬‬
‫‪، ................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪… .............................................................................. .......................‬‬
‫‪ / 3‬ﻣﺒﺪأ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﺰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪.......................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪: ....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫أ‪ /‬دوران اﻷداة‪:......................................................................................... :‬‬
‫‪.(Mouvement de coupe) (MC) ......................................‬‬
‫ب‪ /‬اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‪:...................................................................................... :‬‬
‫‪.(Mouvement d’Avance)(Ma) ......................................‬‬
‫(‪................................................................................ :‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫ج‪/‬‬
‫‪..................................‬‬
‫اﻷداة‬
‫‪MC‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬

‫‪Ma‬‬
‫‪Mp‬‬

‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺠﺰة ﻋﻠﻰ آﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﺰ‬

‫‪.......................‬‬ ‫‪..........................‬‬ ‫‪........................‬‬

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 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪ . / 4‬دراﺳﺔ آﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﺰ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ . /1 -4‬ﺗﺴﻤﯿــﺔ ﻋﻨــﺎﺻــﺮ آﻟـــﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﺰ اﻟﻌﺎم ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﻘﻂ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ أﯾﻤﻦ‬ ‫‪ -A‬زر ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ اﻵﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ -B‬زر إﯾﻘﺎف اﻵﻟﺔ‬

‫‪ .1‬اﻟﮭﯿﻜﻞ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﺠﮭﯿﺰ اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻶﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺪوران‬
‫‪ .4‬اﻟﻤﺤﺮك اﻟﻜﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫‪ .5‬أذرع ﺿﺒﻂ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺪوران‬
‫‪ .6‬ﻣﻘﻮد اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﯿﺪوي ﻟﻠﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬
‫) اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﯿﺔ (‬
‫‪ .7‬ﻣﻘﻮد اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﯿﺪوي ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ .8‬ﻣﻘﻮد اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﯿﺪوي ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ .9‬ذراع وﺻﻞ و ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﯿﺪوﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺑﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ و اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ .10‬أذرع ﺿﺒﻂ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺪم ) اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ (‬
‫‪ .11‬ذراع وﺻﻞ و ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻷوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺑﺎت‬
‫‪ .12‬زر اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﯿﺌﺔ واﻟﺴﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬

‫‪ .13‬ﻣﻘﻮد ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻚ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺎت ﯾﺪوﯾﺎ‬

‫‪ .14‬زر ﻋﻜﺲ اﺗﺠﺎه ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺎت‬
‫‪ .15‬ذراع ﺗﺴﺮﯾﻊ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫اﻷوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﻜﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺑﺎت‬
‫‪ .16‬ﺑﺮﻏﻲ ﻛﺒﺢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ .17‬ﺑﺮﻏﻲ ﻛﺒﺢ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ .18‬ﻣﺼﺪم‬
‫‪ .19‬ﻣﺴﯿﺐ‬
‫‪ .20‬ذراع اﻟﺘﺰﯾﯿﺖ‬
‫‪ .21‬أﻧﺒﻮب ﺻﺮف ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ‬
‫‪ .22‬وﻋﺎء ﺟﻤﻊ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ‬
‫‪ .23‬أﻧﺒﻮب ﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﯾﺪ‬
‫‪ .24‬ﻧﻈﺎرة‬
‫‪ .25‬ﺑﺮاﻏﻲ‬
‫‪ .26‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺰﯾﺖ‬
‫‪ .27‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺰﯾﺖ‬
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‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬

‫‪ . /2 -4‬اﻟﺪورة اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺪوران‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﺪوراﻧﯿﺔ‬

‫‪MC‬‬ ‫‪....................‬‬
‫‪Mp‬‬

‫‪Ma‬‬ ‫‪.................‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻠﺒﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﺪم‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ‪2‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك ‪1‬‬

‫‪ .5‬ﺣـــﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﻄـــﺢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ /1-5‬اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﺰ اﻟﻮﺟﮭﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ) ............................................................‬اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪.( 4‬‬

‫‪ /2-5‬اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﺰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪..........................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................‬‬
‫‪) .............................................‬اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪، (5‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................‬‬

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 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﺷﺮوط اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ./1 -6‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ )‪:(vitesse de coupe‬‬
‫‪.......................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪: ........................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺸﺮوط اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺄداة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬
‫‪............................ -‬‬ ‫‪................................ -‬‬ ‫‪............................... -‬‬
‫‪............................. -‬‬ ‫‪................................. -‬‬ ‫‪................................ -‬‬
‫‪............................. -‬‬ ‫‪. .............................. -‬‬

‫‪( tr/min)...................... : N‬‬

‫‪ .‬ﺻﯿﻐﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ‪:VC‬‬
‫‪(mm) ...................... : D‬‬
‫‪( m/min) .................... : VC‬‬
‫‪VC = DN‬‬
‫‪1000‬‬
‫‪1000VC‬‬
‫=‪N‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺪوران ‪N‬‬ ‫و ﻣﻨﮫ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪:‬‬

‫‪ ./2-6‬ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺪم ‪: A‬‬

‫‪A= a.Z.N‬‬ ‫‪...............................................................................‬‬
‫‪(mm/dent) .................... : a‬‬ ‫‪......................... :Z‬‬ ‫‪( mm/min) ......................‬‬
‫‪ ./3-6‬ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺮاق )اﻟﺘﻐﻠﻐﻠﺔ أو اﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ووﺣﺪﺗﮭﺎ)‪(mm‬‬

‫‪MC‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬
‫‪P‬‬
‫‪Ma‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ )‪ ( N‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪول ﺳﺮﻋﺎت اﻵﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ اﻷﻗﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ان ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ طﺮدﯾﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻻداة وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺪوران‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﮭﻲ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺺ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ وﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺪوران ‪.‬‬

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‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪ .‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ادوات اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﺰ‪:‬‬
‫ا‪ -‬ادوات اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﺰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ب‪ -‬ادوات اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﺰ اﻟﻮﺟﮭﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ج‪ -‬ادوات اﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﻤﺠﺮى‪:‬‬

‫ذ‪ -‬اداة ﻧﺤﺖ اﻻﺳﻨﺎن ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻨﻨﺎت‪ ) :‬اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ )‪((ARS‬‬

‫ر‪ -‬اداة ﻣﻨﺸﺎرﯾﺔ‪ ) :‬اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ )‪((ARS‬‬

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 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺜﻘﯿﺐ‬

‫‪ ./1‬ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‪.................................................................................. :‬‬
‫‪. ..........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ./2‬ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟـﺘـﺜـﻘﯿـﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫) ب ( ﺛﻘﺐ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻧﺎ ﻓﺪ‬ ‫) أ ( ﺛﻘﺐ ﻧﺎﻓﺪ‬

‫‪ ./3‬اﻵﻻت اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ /1-3‬أﻵت اﻟﺘﺜﻘﯿﺐ ‪................................................................ :‬‬
‫‪ /2-3‬آﻻت اﻟﺨﺮاطﺔ‪...................................................................... :‬‬
‫‪ /3-3‬آﻻت اﻟﺘﻔﺮﯾﺰ‪..................................................................................... :‬‬
‫‪......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ./4‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﻻت اﻟﺘﺜﻘﯿﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ /1-4‬آﻻت اﻟﺘﺜﻘﯿﺐ اﻟﻨﻀﺪﯾﺔ‪................................................................................ :‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ /2-4‬آﻻت اﻟﺘﺜﻘﯿﺐ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﯾﺔ‪.................................................................................. :‬‬
‫‪ /3-4‬ﻣﺜﺎﻗﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮﯾﺔ‪................................................................................................. :‬‬
‫‪.....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪....................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ /4-4‬ﻣﺜﺎﻗﺐ ﺑﺮأ س ﺑﺮﺟﻲ ‪................................................................................... :‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪. ..................................................................................................‬‬

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 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫‪ /5-4‬ﻣﺜﺎﻗﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﺮؤوس‪:‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪./5‬ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻘﺎب داﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪. ............................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ./6‬ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪................ -1‬‬
‫‪.................... -2‬‬
‫‪. .................... -3‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................‬‬
‫‪..............................................................‬‬

‫‪./7‬ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻷﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﻘﯿﺐ‪ ):‬آﻟﺔ ﺛﻘﺐ ﻧﻀﺪﯾﺔ(‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻵﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺰھﺮ‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫زر اﻟﺘﺸﻐﯿﻞ و اﻹﯾﻘﺎف‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫زر اﻷﻣﺎن‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﻏﻄﺎء اﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ذراع ﻟﺮﻓﻊ أو ﺧﻔﺾ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺪوران‬ ‫‪6‬‬

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 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﻮﯾﻒ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻤـــــــﮭﯿﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪.........................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﮭـــــﺪف‪:‬‬
‫‪...............................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺷﺮوط اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪. .........................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪Vc = 1/3 Vc perçage‬‬ ‫‪: ................................... -1‬‬

‫)ﻋﺪد اﻷﺳﻨﺎن ‪a = 0.15 x Z ( z‬‬ ‫‪: ................................. -2‬‬

‫‪ -4‬أدوات اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬ ‫أداة اﻟﺘﺠﻮﯾﻒ‬
‫أ‪ -‬أدوات اﻟﺘﻐﻠﯿﻒ ‪) :‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪( -1-‬‬
‫‪......................................................................‬‬
‫‪Mc‬‬ ‫) ‪.(...............................................................‬‬

‫‪Mc‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪1‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬أدوات اﻟﺘﺸﻜﯿﻞ ‪) :‬ﺷﻜﻞ‪( -2-‬‬

‫أداة اﻟﺘﺠﻮﯾﻒ‬
‫‪...............................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬
‫‪.......................................................................................‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪2‬‬

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 ‫‪2‬تر‬ ‫اﻟﻣواد و‪‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﺤﯿﺢ‬

‫‪....................................................................................................................... :‬‬ ‫‪./1‬‬

‫‪. ...................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ ./2‬أﻧﻮاع آﻻت اﻟﺘﺼﺤﯿﺢ ‪ :‬ھﻨﺎك ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ آﻻت اﻟﺘﺼﺤﯿﺢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪..............................‬‬ ‫‪..................................‬‬ ‫‪....................................‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪...............................................................‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻘﺪة‬
‫‪..................................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................‬‬
‫‪...............................................................‬‬ ‫‪..................................................................‬‬
‫‪.........................................................‬‬ ‫‪................................................................‬‬

‫آﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻠﯿﺦ‬
‫اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ‬

‫آﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻠﯿﺦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺔ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ دوران اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ أﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﺴﺘﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ أﺷﻜﺎل أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ أﺷﻜﺎل أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﯿﺔ داﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﯿﺢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﯿﺢ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻲ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﯿﺢ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻲ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪............................................ -‬‬ ‫‪................................................... -‬‬ ‫‪................................................... -‬‬
‫‪............................................. -‬‬ ‫‪..................................................... -‬‬ ‫‪................................................... -‬‬
‫‪............................................ -‬‬ ‫‪.................................................... -‬‬ ‫‪................................................... -‬‬

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